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Huo Z, Lv Y, Wang N, Zhou C, Su X. Construction of a dual-signal readout platform for effective glutathione S-transferase sensing based on polyethyleneimine-capped silver nanoclusters and cobalt-manganese oxide nanosheets with oxidase-mimicking activity. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:282. [PMID: 38652326 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel dual-mode fluorometric and colorimetric sensing platform is reported for determining glutathione S-transferase (GST) by utilizing polyethyleneimine-capped silver nanoclusters (PEI-AgNCs) and cobalt-manganese oxide nanosheets (CoMn-ONSs) with oxidase-like activity. Abundant active oxygen species (O2•-) can be produced through the CoMn-ONSs interacting with dissolved oxygen. Afterward, the pink oxDPD was generated through the oxidation of colorless N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) by O2•-, and two absorption peaks at 510 and 551 nm could be observed. Simultaneously, oxDPD could quench the fluorescence of PEI-AgNCs at 504 nm via the inner filter effect (IFE). However, in the presence of glutathione (GSH), GSH prevents the oxidation of DPD due to the reducibility of GSH, leading to the absorbance decrease at 510 and 551 nm. Furthermore, the fluorescence at 504 nm was restored due to the quenching effect of oxDPD on decreased PEI-AgNCs. Under the catalysis of GST, GSH and1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzo (CDNB) conjugate to generate an adduct, initiating the occurrence of the oxidation of the chromogenic substrate DPD, thereby inducing a distinct colorimetric response again and the significant quenching of PEI-AgNCs. The detection limits for GST determination were 0.04 and 0.21 U/L for fluorometric and colorimetric modes, respectively. The sensing platform illustrated reliable applicability in detecting GST in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiao Huo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntai Lv
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguang Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Liu J, Chen F, Li G, Wang J, Chan DSH, Wong CY, Wang W, Leung CH. A Switch-On Affinity-Based Iridium(III) Conjugate Probe for Imaging Mitochondrial Glutathione S-Transferase in Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1727-1737. [PMID: 37750807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase is heterogeneously expressed in breast cancer cells and is therefore emerging as a potential diagnostic biomarker for studying the heterogeneity of breast cancers. However, available fluorescent probes for GSTs depend heavily on GSTs-catalyzed glutathione (GSH) nucleophilic substitution reactions, making them susceptible to interference by the high concentration of nucleophilic species in the cellular environment. Moreover, the functions of subcellular GSTs are generally overlooked due to the lack of suitable luminescence probes. Herein, we report a highly selective affinity-based luminescence probe 1 for GST in breast cancer cells through tethering a GST inhibitor, ethacrynic acid, to an iridium(III) complex. Compared to activity-based probes which require the use of GSH, this probe could image GST-pi in the mitochondria by directly adducting to GST-pi (or potentially GST-pi/GS) in living cells. Probe 1 possesses desirable photophysical properties including a lifetime of 911 ns, a Stokes shift of 343 nm, and high photostability. The "turn on" luminescence mode of the probe enables highly selective detection of the GST with a limit of detection of 1.01 μM, while its long emission lifetime allows sensitive detection in organic dye-spiked autofluorescence samples by a time-resolved mode. The probe was further applied to specifically and quantitatively visualize MDA-MB-231 cells via specific binding to mitochondrial GST, and could differentiate breast cell lines based on their expression levels of GST. To the best of our knowledge, this probe is the first affinity-based iridium(III) imaging probe for the subcellular GST. Our work provides a valuable tool for unmasking the diverse roles of a subcellular GST in living systems, as well as for studying the heterogeneity of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | | | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
- Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Quesada-Soriano I, García-Fuentes L, Vargas-Berenguel A. Multivalent Lactose-Ferrocene Conjugates Based on Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimers and Gold Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Probes for Sensing Galectin-3. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020203. [PMID: 31991555 PMCID: PMC7074905 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is considered a cancer biomarker and bioindicator of fibrosis and cardiac remodeling and, therefore, it is desirable to develop convenient methods for its detection. Herein, an approach based on the development of multivalent electrochemical probes with high galectin-3 sensing abilities is reported. The probes consist of multivalent presentations of lactose–ferrocene conjugates scaffolded on poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and gold nanoparticles. Such multivalent lactose–ferrocene conjugates are synthesized by coupling of azidomethyl ferrocene–lactose building blocks on alkyne-functionalized PAMAM, for the case of the glycodendrimers, and to disulfide-functionalized linkers that are then used for the surface modification of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. The binding and sensing abilities toward galectin-3 of both ferrocene-containing lactose dendrimers and gold nanoparticles have been evaluated by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, UV–vis spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The highest sensitivity by electrochemical methods to galectin-3 was shown by lactosylferrocenylated gold nanoparticles, which are able to detect the lectin in nanomolar concentrations.
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Han Y, Chen T, Li Y, Chen L, Wei L, Xiao L. Single-Particle Enumeration-Based Sensitive Glutathione S-Transferase Assay with Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticle. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11146-11153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Langxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Zhang YM, Gao X, Liu P. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Studies on Mechanism of D-π-A Ferrocene Derivative. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328418120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chang L, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. A novel fluorescent turn-on biosensor based on QDs@GSH-GO fluorescence resonance energy transfer for sensitive glutathione S-transferase sensing and cellular imaging. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3881-3888. [PMID: 28256653 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent turn-on biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from GSH functionalized Mn-doped ZnS QDs to graphene oxide (GO) was constructed to determine glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in live cells and human urine. The QDs@GSH is adsorbed on the GO surface via hydrogen bonding interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GO, and as a result, fluorescence quenching of the QDs@GSH takes place because of FRET. The FRET efficiency from QDs@GSH to GO was calculated to be 86.3%. However, in the presence of GSTs, the FRET process could be inhibited by the specific interaction between the GSH on the surface of QDs@GSH and GSTs, which would keep the QDs@GSH far away from the GO surface, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence. The proposed sensor exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and excellent specificity in the buffer, live cells and human urine for the detection of GSTs. Under the physiological conditions (pH 7.4), dissociation constants and the detection limit of GST and ATP6 V1F (a GST-tagged protein) were estimated to be 8.0 × 10-9 M, 2.1 × 10-10 M and 3.5 × 10-9 M, 7.2 × 10-11 M, respectively. The presented method has been successfully utilized for the determination of the GSTs in live cells and human urine without any complicated pretreatment and the recovery was in the range of 80%-90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Chang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiwen He
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Langxing Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Casas-Solvas JM, Vargas-Berenguel A, García-Fuentes L. Electrochemical detection of glutathione S-transferase: an important enzyme in the cell protective mechanism against oxidative stress. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:123-138. [PMID: 25323504 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when the antioxidant capacity of cells to clean the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreases. Several human diseases seem to be related with an increment in the oxidative stress. In this regard, GSH present in the cells works by neutralizing ROS and other xenobiotics through the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme. Thus, the level of expression of GST is an important factor in determining the sensitivity of cells to toxic chemicals or xenobiotic compounds. Therefore, the detection of GST levels is fundamental in the clinical diagnosis of ROS-related diseases. Here, we describe a methodology, based on the voltammetric properties of the ferrocene group (used as electrochemical probe), which can be applied for selective detection of GST levels in human cells. The electrochemical signal measured is associated to the specific interaction of a ferrocenyl-GSH derivate with the G- and H-sites of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel C Martos-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
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