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Embelin and Its Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Potential Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091131. [PMID: 36145352 PMCID: PMC9505931 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally occurring benzoquinone that inhibits the growth of cancer cells, making it a potent anticancer drug. However, the low water solubility of embelin restricts its clinical applicability. This review provides a concise summary and in-depth analysis of the published literature on the design and synthesis of embelin derivatives possessing increased aqueous solubility and superior therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the potential of drug delivery systems to improve the anticancer capabilities of embelin and its derivatives is discussed.
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Tran N, Do Van Thanh N, Le MLP. Organic Positive Materials for Magnesium Batteries: A Review. Chemistry 2021; 27:9198-9217. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc‐Anh Tran
- Lepmi Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Nhan Do Van Thanh
- Chemistry Department University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - My Loan Phung Le
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory (APCLab) University of Science – Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Caruso F, Rossi M, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S. Computational studies reveal mechanism by which quinone derivatives can inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Study of embelin and two therapeutic compounds of interest, methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1868-1877. [PMID: 33109497 PMCID: PMC7556809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quinones are reactive to proteins containing cysteine residues and the main protease in Covid-19 contains an active site that includes Cys145. Embelin, a quinone natural product, is known to have antiviral activity against influenza and hepatitis B. Preliminary studies by our group also indicate its ability to inhibit HSV-1 in cultured cells. Methods Docking and DFT methods applied to the protease target. Results a mechanism for this inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease is described, specifically due to formation of a covalent bond between S(Cys145) and an embelin C(carbonyl). This is assisted by two protein amino acids (1) N(imidazole-His41) which is able to capture H[S(Cys145)] and (2) HN(His163), which donates a proton to embelin O(carbonyl) forming an OH moiety that results in inhibition of the viral protease. A similar process is also seen with the anti-inflammatory drugs methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone, used for Covid-19 patients. Methyl prednisolone and dexamethasone are methide quinones, and possess only one carbonyl moiety, instead of two for embelin. Additional consideration was given to another natural product, emodin, recently patented against Covid-19, as well as some therapeutic quinones, vitamin K, suspected to be involved in Covid-19 action, and coenzyme Q10. All show structural similarities with embelin, dexamethasone and methyl prednisolone results. Conclusions Our data on embelin and related quinones indicate that these natural compounds may represent a feasible, strategic tool against Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caruso
- Vassar College, Department of Chemistry, Poughkeepsie NY 12604, USA.
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Vassar College, Department of Chemistry, Poughkeepsie NY 12604, USA
| | - Jens Z Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Incerpi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Visentin C, Musso L, Broggini L, Bonato F, Russo R, Moriconi C, Bolognesi M, Miranda E, Dallavalle S, Passarella D, Ricagno S. Embelin as Lead Compound for New Neuroserpin Polymerization Inhibitors. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10070111. [PMID: 32664592 PMCID: PMC7400170 DOI: 10.3390/life10070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is a severe and lethal neurodegenerative disease. Upon specific point mutations in the SERPINI1gene-coding for the human protein neuroserpin (NS) the resulting pathologic NS variants polymerize and accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons in the central nervous system. To date, embelin (EMB) is the only known inhibitor of NS polymerization in vitro. This molecule is capable of preventing NS polymerization and dissolving preformed polymers. Here, we show that lowering EMB concentration results in increasing size of NS oligomers in vitro. Moreover, we observe that in cells expressing NS, the polymerization of G392E NS is reduced, but this effect is mediated by an increased proteasomal degradation rather than polymerization impairment. For these reasons we designed a systematic chemical evolution of the EMB scaffold aimed to improve its anti-polymerization properties. The effect of EMB analogs against NS polymerization was assessed in vitro. None of the EMB analogs displayed an anti-polymerization activity better than the one reported for EMB, indicating that the EMB–NS interaction surface is very specific and highly optimized. Thus, our results indicate that EMB is, to date, still the best candidate for developing a treatment against NS polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Visentin
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Loana Musso
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Luca Broggini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Bonato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Rosaria Russo
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Claudia Moriconi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Miranda
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.M.)
- Istituto Pasteur—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (L.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-4914
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Sheng Z, Ge S, Gao M, Jian R, Chen X, Xu X, Li D, Zhang K, Chen WH. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Embelin and its Derivatives: An Overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:396-407. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015202723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes (Burm. f.)
of the Myrsinaceae family, and contains two carbonyl groups, a methine group and two hydroxyl
groups. With embelin as the lead compound, more than one hundred derivatives have been reported.
Embelin is well known for its ability to antagonize the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)
with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. The potential of embelin and its derivatives in the treatment of various
cancers has been extensively studied. In addition, these compounds display a variety of other biological
effects: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antifertility activity.
This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis and biological activity of embelin and its derivatives.
Their cellular mechanisms of action and prospects in the research and development of new
drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Sheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Siyuan Ge
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Rongchao Jian
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
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Hossan MS, Fatima A, Rahmatullah M, Khoo TJ, Nissapatorn V, Galochkina AV, Slita AV, Shtro AA, Nikolaeva Y, Zarubaev VV, Wiart C. Antiviral activity of Embelia ribes Burm. f. against influenza virus in vitro. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2121-2131. [PMID: 29633078 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are raising serious concern globally. Asian medicinal plants could be useful in improving the current treatment strategies for influenza. The present study examines the activity of five plants from Bangladesh against influenza virus. MDCK cells infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) were treated with increasing concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts, and their cytotoxicity (CC50), virus-inhibiting activity (IC50), and selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The ethyl acetate extract of fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Myrsinaceae) had the highest antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 0.2 µg/mL and a SI of 32. Its major constituent, embelin, was further isolated and tested against the same virus. Embelin demonstrated antiviral activity, with an IC50 of 0.3 µM and an SI of 10. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that embelin was most effective when added at early stages of the viral life cycle (0-1 h postinfection). Embelin was further evaluated against a panel of influenza viruses including influenza A and B viruses that were susceptible or resistant to rimantadine and oseltamivir. Among the viruses tested, avian influenza virus A/mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84 (H5N2) was the most susceptible to embelin (SI = 31), while A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus was the most resistant (SI = 5). In silico molecular docking showed that the binding site for embelin is located in the receptor-binding domain of the viral hemagglutinin. The results of this study provide evidence that E. ribes can be used for development of a novel alternative anti-influenza plant-based agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University, 30250, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative (UODA), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Teng Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Anastasia V Galochkina
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira str, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V Slita
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira str, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Shtro
- Influenza Research Institute, 15/17 prof. Popova str, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Nikolaeva
- Influenza Research Institute, 15/17 prof. Popova str, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira str, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
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Khan H, Rengasamy KRR, Pervaiz A, Nabavi SM, Atanasov AG, Kamal MA. Plant-derived mPGES-1 inhibitors or suppressors: A new emerging trend in the search for small molecules to combat inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 153:2-28. [PMID: 29329790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation comprises the reaction of the body to injury, in which a series of changes of the terminal vascular bed, blood, and connective tissue tends to eliminate the injurious agent and to repair the damaged tissue. It is a complex process, which involves the release of diverse regulatory mediators. The current anti-inflammatory agents are challenged by multiple side effects and thus, new effective therapies are highly needed. The aim of this review is to summarize the described microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitors or transcriptional suppressors from medicinal plants, which could be an ideal approach in the management of inflammatory disorders, but need further clinical trials in order to be ultimately validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- REEF Environmental Consultancy, #2 Kamaraj Street, S.P. Nagar, Puducherry 605 001, India.
| | - Aini Pervaiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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Mannancherril V, Therrien B. Strategies toward the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect by Increasing the Molecular Weight of Arene Ruthenium Metallaassemblies. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:3626-3633. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Mannancherril
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Caruso F, Paumier S, Rossi M. X-Ray Crystal Structure of Embelin and Its DFT Scavenging of Superoxide Radical. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:1143-1148. [PMID: 28850171 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embelin is a phytochemical component of tropical plants that have a long history of being used in ethnic pharmacology in various parts of the world, including Ayurdvedic and Chinese medicinal texts. Many modern studies confirm its promise as a medicinal compound. The X-ray crystal structure determination of embelin shows a remarkably ordered alkyl chain and particularly strong pi-pi interactions for a nonaromatic system. The molecule has a torsion angle of 67° between the ring and the alkyl chain of the molecule and differs markedly from that seen when embelin is embedded in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) binding site (almost planar-with about 10° torsion angle). This suggests that embelin's flexible structural skeleton can be useful in biological environment. Apart from this, its many biological activities likely depend on embelin's hydrophobic nonpolar tail that allows a variety of interactions. Computationally, we evaluated embelin's sequestering ability toward the superoxide radical and see that embelin executes this reaction in a novel manner. Namely, as shown by our DFT calculations, instead of releasing a H atom to the superoxide radical to form the anionic species O2 H- , embelin prefers to accept an electron from the superoxide radical, which then transforms into molecular oxygen, O2 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604
| | - Sarah Paumier
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604
| | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, 12604
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Rouch A, Vanucci-Bacqué C, Bedos-Belval F, Baltas M. Small molecules inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 - an overview. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:619-36. [PMID: 25615797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PAI-1, a glycoprotein from the serpin family and the main inhibitor of tPA and uPA, plays an essential role in the regulation of intra and extravascular fibrinolysis by inhibiting the formation of plasmin from plasminogen. PAI-1 is also involved in pathological processes such as thromboembolic diseases, atherosclerosis, fibrosis and cancer. The inhibition of PAI-1 activity by small organic molecules has been observed in vitro and with some in vivo models. Based on these findings, PAI-1 appears as a potential therapeutic target for several pathological conditions. Over the past decades, many efforts have therefore been devoted to developing PAI-1 inhibitors. This article provides an overview of the publishing activity on small organic molecules used as PAI-1 inhibitors. The chemical synthesis of the most potent inhibitors as well as their biological and biochemical evaluations is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rouch
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Corinne Vanucci-Bacqué
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Bedos-Belval
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Michel Baltas
- Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR 5068, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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