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Chakraborty S, Majumdar S. Natural Products for the Treatment of Pain: Chemistry and Pharmacology of Salvinorin A, Mitragynine, and Collybolide. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1381-1400. [PMID: 32930582 PMCID: PMC7982354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pain remains a very pervasive problem throughout medicine. Classical pain management is achieved through the use of opiates belonging to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) class, which have significant side effects that hinder their utility. Pharmacologists have been trying to develop opioids devoid of side effects since the isolation of morphine from papaver somniferum, more commonly known as opium by Sertürner in 1804. The natural products salvinorin A, mitragynine, and collybolide represent three nonmorphinan natural product-based targets, which are potent selective agonists of opioid receptors, and emerging next-generation analgesics. In this work, we review the phytochemistry and medicinal chemistry efforts on these templates and their effects on affinity, selectivity, analgesic actions, and a myriad of other opioid-receptor-related behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Chakraborty
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Aghajani N, Pourhamzeh M, Azizi H, Semnanian S. Central blockade of orexin type 1 receptors reduces naloxone induced activation of locus coeruleus neurons in morphine dependent rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135909. [PMID: 33892002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Orexin neuropeptides are implicated in the expression of morphine dependence. Locus coeruleus (LC) nucleus is an important brain area involving in the development of withdrawal signs of morphine and contains high expression of orexin type 1 receptors (OX1Rs). Despite extensive considerations, effects of immediate inhibition of OX1Rs by a single dose administration of SB-334867 prior to the naloxone-induced activation of LC neurons remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the direct effects of OX1Rs acute blockade on the neuronal activity of the morphine-dependent rats which underwent naloxone administration. Adult male rats underwent subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg morphine (two times/day) for a ten-day period. On the last day of experiment, intra-cerebroventricular administration of 10 μg/μl antagonist of OX1Rs, SB-334867, was performed just before intra-peritoneal injection of 2 mg/kg naloxone. Thereafter, in vivo extracellular single unit recording was employed to evaluate the electrical activity of LC neuronal cells. The outcomes demonstrated that morphine tolerance developed following ten-day of injection. Then, naloxone administration causes hyperactivity of LC neuronal cells, whereas a single dose administration of SB-334867 prior to naloxone prevented the enhanced activity of neurons upon morphine withdrawal. Our findings indicate that increased response of LC neuronal cells to applied naloxone could be prevented by the acute inhibition of the OX1Rs just before the naloxone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Aghajani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Semnanian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Lin SY, Kuo YH, Tien YW, Ke YY, Chang WT, Chang HF, Ou LC, Law PY, Xi JH, Tao PL, Loh HH, Chao YS, Shih C, Chen CT, Yeh SH, Ueng SH. The in vivo antinociceptive and μ-opioid receptor activating effects of the combination of N-phenyl-2',4'-dimethyl-4,5'-bi-1,3-thiazol-2-amines and naloxone. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:312-323. [PMID: 30776693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is widely used for the treatment of severe pain. This analgesic effect is mediated principally by the activation of μ-opioid receptors (MOR). However, prolonged activation of MOR also results in tolerance, dependence, addiction, constipation, nausea, sedation, and respiratory depression. To address this problem, we sought alternative ways to activate MOR - either by use of novel ligands, or via a novel activation mechanism. To this end, a series of compounds were screened using a sensitive CHO-K1/MOR/Gα15 cell-based FLIPR® calcium high-throughput screening (HTS) assay, and the bithiazole compound 5a was identified as being able activate MOR in combination with naloxone. Structural modifications of 5a resulted in the discovery of lead compound 5j, which could effectively activate MOR in combination with the MOR antagonist naloxone or naltrexone. In vivo, naloxone in combination with 100 mg/kg of compound 5j elicited antinociception in a mouse tail-flick model with an ED50 of 17.5 ± 4 mg/kg. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism by which the 5j/naloxone combination activates MOR is worthy of further study, as its discovery has the potential to yield an entirely novel class of analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsien Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Wen Tien
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Chin Ou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jing-Hua Xi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Pao-Luh Tao
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC; The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shau-Hua Ueng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC; School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Roach JJ, Shenvi RA. A review of salvinorin analogs and their kappa-opioid receptor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1436-1445. [PMID: 29615341 PMCID: PMC5912166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant metabolite salvinorin A potently and selectively agonizes the human kappa-opioid receptor, an emerging target for next-generation analgesics. Here we review analogs of the salvinorin chemotype and their effects on selectivity, affinity and potency. Extensive peripheral modifications using isolated salvinorin A have delivered a trove of SAR information. More deep-seated changes are now possible by advances in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Roach
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Chen SR, Ke YY, Yeh TK, Lin SY, Ou LC, Chen SC, Chang WT, Chang HF, Wu ZH, Hsieh CC, Law PY, Loh HH, Shih C, Lai YK, Yeh SH, Ueng SH. Discovery, structure-activity relationship studies, and anti-nociceptive effects of N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinylmethyl)benzamides as novel opioid receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:202-217. [PMID: 27776274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
μ-Opioid receptor (MOR) agonists are analgesics used clinically for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, but their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, dependence, and rewarding effects. In this study, we identified N-({2-[(4-bromo-2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-isoquinolinyl}methyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (1) as a novel opioid receptor agonist by high-throughput screening. Structural modifications made to 1 to improve potency and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration resulted in compounds 45 and 46. Compound 45 was a potent MOR/KOR (κ-opioid receptor) agonist, and compound 46 was a potent MOR and medium KOR agonist. Both 45 and 46 demonstrated a significant anti-nociceptive effect in a tail-flick test performed in wild type (WT) B6 mice. The ED50 value of 46 was 1.059 mg/kg, and the brain concentrations of 45 and 46 were 7424 and 11696 ng/g, respectively. Accordingly, compounds 45 and 46 are proposed for lead optimization and in vivo disease-related pain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ren Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Ou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fu Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Huei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Horace H Loh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yiu-Kay Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shau-Hua Ueng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2015 is reviewed.
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