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Aziz M, Sarfraz M, Khurrum Ibrahim M, Ejaz SA, Zehra T, Ogaly HA, Arafat M, Al-Zahrani FAM, Li C. Evaluation of anticancer potential of tetracene-5,12-dione (A01) and pyrimidine-2,4-dione (A02) via caspase 3 and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity investigations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292455. [PMID: 38127898 PMCID: PMC10734984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stands as a significant global cause of mortality, predominantly arising from the dysregulation of key enzymes and DNA. One strategic avenue in developing new anticancer agents involves targeting specific proteins within the cancer pathway. Amidst ongoing efforts to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs, a range of crucial medications currently interact with DNA at the molecular level, exerting profound biological effects. Our study is driven by the objective to comprehensively explore the potential of two compounds: (7S,9S)-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione (A01) and 5-fluoro-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione (A02). These compounds have demonstrated marked efficacy against breast and cervical cancer cell lines, positioning them as promising anticancer candidates. In our investigation, A01 has emerged as a particularly potent candidate, with its potential bolstered by corroborative evidence from lactate dehydrogenase release and caspase-3 activity assays. On the other hand, A02 has exhibited remarkable anticancer potential. To further elucidate their molecular mechanisms and interactions, we employed computational techniques, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, our computational analyses suggest that the A01-DNA complex predominantly interacts via the minor groove, imparting significant insights into its mechanism of action. While earlier studies have also highlighted the anticancer activity of A01, our research contributes by providing a deeper understanding of its binding mechanisms through computational investigations. This knowledge holds potential for designing more effective drugs that target cancer-associated proteins. These findings lay a robust groundwork for future inquiries and propose that derivatives of A01 could be synthesized as potent bioactive agents for cancer treatment. By elucidating the distinctive aspects of our study's outcomes, we address the concern of distinguishing our findings from those of prior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Zehra
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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da Cunha KF, de Oliveira Garcia M, Allend SO, de Albernaz DTF, da Rosa BN, Pereira IL, de Pereira de Pereira CM, Hartwig DD. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H pyrazoles and thiazoles in multidrug-resistant pathogens. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2587-2595. [PMID: 37656404 PMCID: PMC10689707 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To find novel antibiotic drugs, six 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H derivatives named 1b, 1d (pyrazoles), 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d (thiazoles) were evaluated in silico and in vitro. The in silico analyses were based on ADME pharmacokinetic parameters (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion). The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated in Gram-positive and Gram-negative species (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25904, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC® 35984, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC® 700603, and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC® 19606), by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), kinetics curve, and antibiofilm assays. As results, the azoles have activity against the Gram-negative species K. pneumoniae ATCC® 700603 and A. baumannii ATCC® 19606. No antibacterial activity was observed for the Gram-positive bacteria evaluated. Thus, the azoles were evaluated against clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and A. baumannii multidrug-resistant (Ab-MDR). All azoles have antibacterial activity against Ab-MDR isolates (Gram-negative) with MIC values between 512 μg/mL and 1,024 μg/mL. Against KPC isolates the azoles 1b, 1d, and 2d present antibacterial activity (MIC = 1,024 μg/mL). In the kinetics curve assay, the 1b and 1d pyrazoles reduced significantly viable cells of Ab-MDR isolates and additionally inhibited 86.6 to 95.8% of the biofilm formation. The in silico results indicate high possibility to permeate the blood-brain barrier (2b) and was predict human gastrointestinal absorption (all evaluated azoles). Considering that the research and development of new antibiotics is a priority for drug-resistant pathogens, our study revealed the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of novel azoles against K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Furtado da Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelle de Oliveira Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Suzane Olachea Allend
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Déborah Trota Farias de Albernaz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes da Rosa
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Isabel Ladeira Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Drawanz Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
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Ahmed K, Choudhary MI, Saleem RSZ. Heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives as promising antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115701. [PMID: 37591149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health concern. The quest to understand the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance needs to be accompanied by an expanded arsenal of drugs. This calls for the development of new compounds with anti-bacterial properties. The ease of functionalization of the pyrimidine core, to produce structurally distinct compound libraries, has made pyrimidine a privileged structure for identifying anti-bacterial hits. The activity of pyrimidine derivatives can be attributed to the various subunits linked with the main core, especially at C-2 or C-4 or C-6. Particularly, presence of NH2 attached to C-2 of the pyrimidine nucleus has been shown to enhance the anti-bacterial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The diversity of synthetic routes used for the synthesis of such compounds, the reported biological activities, and a growing need to develop novel anti-bacterial agents warrant a review that presents recent reports on the synthesis and anti-bacterial activities of pyrimidine-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan.
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Osman NA, El-Sayed NS, Abdel Fattah HA, Almalki AJ, Kammoun AK, Ibrahim TS, Alharbi AS, Al-Mahmoudy AM. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of New 1-allyl-4-oxo-6-(3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile Bearing Pyrazole Moieties. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:897-909. [PMID: 36941818 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230320153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM pyrimidine and pyrazole have various biological and pharmaceutical applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anti-cancer. INTRODUCTION In this search, the goal is to prepare pyrimidine-pyrazoles and study their anticancer activity. METHODS 1-allyl-4-oxo-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile bearing pyrazoles (4,6-8) have been synthesized. Firstly, the reaction of 1-allyl-2-(methylthio)-4-oxo-6- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (1) with chalcones 2a-b produced the intermediates 3a-b. The latter was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the targets 4a-b. On the other hand, hydrazinolysis of compound 1 yielded the hydrazino derivative 5 which upon reaction with chalcones 2c-i or 1,3-bicarbonyl compounds afforded the compounds 6-8. Finally, the new compounds were characterized by spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analysis. Moreover, they were evaluated for Panc-1, MCF-7, HT-29, A-549, and HPDE cell lines as anticancer activity. RESULTS All the tested compounds 3,4,6-8 showed IC50 values > 50 μg/mL against the HPDE cell line. Compounds 6a and 6e exhibited potent anticancer activity where the IC50 values in the range of 1.7- 1.9, 1.4-182, 1.75-1.8, and 1.5-1.9 μg/mL against Panc-1, MCF-7, HT-29, and A-549 cell lines. CONCLUSION New pyrimidine-pyrazole derivatives were simply synthesized, in addition, some of them showed potential anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nermine S El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Abdel Fattah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmad J Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany M Al-Mahmoudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig, University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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5
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Recent Advancement in Drug Design and Discovery of Pyrazole Biomolecules as Cancer and Inflammation Therapeutics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248708. [PMID: 36557840 PMCID: PMC9780894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazole, an important pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold of immense significance, is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety with an extensive therapeutic profile, viz., anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-anxiety, anticancer, analgesic, antipyretic, etc. Due to the expansion of pyrazolecent red pharmacological molecules at a quicker pace, there is an urgent need to put emphasis on recent literature with hitherto available information to recognize the status of this scaffold for pharmaceutical research. The reported potential pyrazole-containing compounds are highlighted in the manuscript for the treatment of cancer and inflammation, and the results are mentioned in % inhibition of inflammation, % growth inhibition, IC50, etc. Pyrazole is an important heterocyclic moiety with a strong pharmacological profile, which may act as an important pharmacophore for the drug discovery process. In the struggle to cultivate suitable anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, chemists have now focused on pyrazole biomolecules. This review conceals the recent expansion of pyrazole biomolecules as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents with an aim to provide better correlation among different research going around the world.
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Bekhit AA, Lodebo ET, Hymete A, Ragab HM, Bekhit SA, Amagase K, Batubara A, Abourehab MAS, Bekhit AEDA, Ibrahim TM. New pyrazolylpyrazoline derivatives as dual acting antimalarial-antileishamanial agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling simulations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2320-2333. [PMID: 36036155 PMCID: PMC9427035 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising inhibitory activities of the parasite multiplication were obtained upon evaluation of in vivo antimalarial activities of new pyrazolylpyrazoline derivatives against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Further evaluation of 5b and 6a against chloroquine-resistant strain (RKL9) of P. falciparum showed higher potency than chloroquine. In vitro antileishmanial activity testing against Leishmania aethiopica promastigote and amastigote forms indicated that 5b, 6a and 7b possessed promising activity compared to miltefosine and amphotericin B deoxycholate. Moreover, antileishmanial activity reversal of the active compounds via folic and folinic acids showed comparable results to the positive control trimethoprim, indicating an antifolate mechanism via targeting leishmanial DHFR and PTR1. The compounds were non-toxic at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. In addition, docking of the most active compound against putative malarial target Pf-DHFR-TS and leishmanial PTR1 rationalised the observed activities. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed a stable and high potential binding of 7a against leishmanial PTR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Kingdom of Bahrain.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eskedar T Lodebo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Chemistry, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ariaya Hymete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanan M Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma A Bekhit
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Afnan Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qurra University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Eze CC, Ezeokonkwo AM, Ugwu ID, Eze UF, Onyeyilim EL, Attah IS, Okonkwo IV. Azole-pyrimidine Hybrid Anticancer Agents: A Review of Molecular Structure, Structure Activity Relationship and Molecular Docking. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2822-2851. [PMID: 35306990 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220318090147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as one of the leading causes of deaths globally partly due to the steady rise in anticancer drug resistance. Pyrimidine and pyrimidine-fused heterocycles are some of the privileged scaffolds in medicine, as they possess diverse biological properties. Pyrimidines containing azole nucleus possesses inestimable anticancer potency and has enormous potential to conduct the regulation of cellular pathways for selective anticancer activity. The present review outlines the molecular structure of pyrimidine-fused azoles with significant anticancer activity. The structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies have also been discussed. The current review is the first complete compilation of significant literature on the proposed topic from 2016 to 2020. The information contained in this review offers a useful insight to chemists in the design of new and potent anticancer azole-pyrimidine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinweike Cosmas Eze
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | | | - Izuchukwu David Ugwu
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna Florence Eze
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ebuka Leonard Onyeyilim
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Izuchi Solomon Attah
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Vivian Okonkwo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
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8
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Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens our progress in healthcare, modern medicine, food production and ultimately life expectancy. Antibiotic resistance is a global concern, which spreads rapidly across borders and continents due to rapid travel of people, animals and goods. Derivatives of metabolically stable pyrazole nucleus are known for their wide range of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial activities. This review highlights recent reports of pyrazole derivatives targeting different bacterial strains focusing on the drug-resistant variants. Pyrazole derivatives target different metabolic pathways of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Payne M, Bottomley AL, Och A, Asmara AP, Harry EJ, Ung AT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-substituted pyrazoles as possible antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 48:116401. [PMID: 34555556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has increased the need for novel antibiotics to help overcome what may be considered the greatest threat to modern medicine. Here we report the synthesis of fifteen novel 3,5-diaryl-1H- pyrazoles obtained via one-pot cyclic oxidation of a chalcone and hydrazine-monohydrate. The synthesised pyrazoles were then screened against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to determine their antibacterial potential. The results show that compound 7p is bacteriostatic at MIC 8 µg/mL. The compound is non-toxic against healthy mammalian cells, 3T3-L1 at the highest test concentration 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, compound 7p significantly affected bacterial morphogenesis before cell lysis in Bacillus subtilis when treated above the MIC concentration. From the results, a promising lead compound was identified for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Payne
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amy L Bottomley
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anthony Och
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anjar P Asmara
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Harry
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alison T Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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El-Sayed R, Althagafi I, Morad M, El-Bahy SM, El-Metwaly N. Synthesis and investigation of heterocyclic systems as pharmacological agents with conformational study and surface activity. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Synthesis of 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives as Potent Growth Inhibitors of Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165083. [PMID: 34443670 PMCID: PMC8398255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are among the menacing bacterial pathogens. Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to tackle these antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. This article reports the design, synthesis, and antimicrobial studies of 30 novel pyrazole derivatives. Most of the synthesized compounds are potent growth inhibitors of planktonic Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concertation (MIC) values as low as 0.25 µg/mL. Further studies led to the discovery of several lead compounds, which are bactericidal and potent against MRSA persisters. Compounds 11, 28, and 29 are potent against S. aureus biofilms with minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values as low as 1 µg/mL.
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Mahapatra A, Prasad T, Sharma T. Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.
Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.
Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.
Graphical abstract
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13
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Mor S, Khatri M, Punia R, Sindhu S. Recent Progress on Anticancer Agents Incorporating Pyrazole Scaffold. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:115-163. [PMID: 33823764 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210325115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search of new anticancer agents is considered as a dynamic field of medicinal chemistry. In recent years, the synthesis of compounds with anticancer potential has increased and a large number of structurally varied compounds displaying potent anticancer activities have been published. Pyrazole is an important biologically active scaffold that possessed nearly all types of biological activities. The aim of this review is to collate literature work reported by researchers to provide an overview on in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of pyrazole based derivatives among the diverse biological activities displayed by them and also presents recent efforts made on this heterocyclic moiety regarding anticancer activities. This review has been driven from the increasing number of publications, on this issue, which have been reported in the literature since the ending of the 20th century (from 1995-to date).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satbir Mor
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Mohini Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Ravinder Punia
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
| | - Suchita Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana. India
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14
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Zhuang J, Ma S. Recent Development of Pyrimidine‐Containing Antimicrobial Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1875-1886. [PMID: 32797654 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University West Wenhua Road, 44 Jinan 250012 P.R. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University West Wenhua Road, 44 Jinan 250012 P.R. China
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15
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Rao RN, Chanda K. An assessment study of known pyrazolopyrimidines: Chemical methodology and cellular activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103801. [PMID: 32278206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen atom play a key role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Pyrazolopyrimidine is a privileged class of nitrogen containing fused heterocyclic compound contributing to a major portion of all lead molecules in medicinal chemistry. The thumbprint of pyrazolopyrimidine as a pharmacophore is always noticeable due to its analogy with the adenine base in DNA. Pyrazolopyrimidines are divided into five types [I, II, III, IV, V] based on the mechanism of action on the specific target conferring a wide scope of research which has accelerated the interest of researchers to investigate its biological profile. In 1956, the anti-cancer activity of pyrazolopyrimidine was evaluated for the first time with appreciable results. Since then, medicinal chemists centered their work on various methods of synthesis and evaluating the biological profile of pyrazolopyrimidine isomers. This report consists of novel methodologies followed to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidine isomers along with a note on their biological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be first of its kind to encompass different synthetic procedures along with anti-cancer, kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition and receptor blocking activity of pyrazolopyrimidine moieties. IC50 values of potent compounds are added wherever necessary to understand the suitability of pyrazolopyrimidine skeletons for a specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Reddy BN, Ruddarraju RR, Kiran G, Pathak M, Reddy ARN. Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐
d
]pyrimidine‐Containing Amide Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijivemula N. Reddy
- School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of Technology Vellore- 632014, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Radhakrishnam Raju. Ruddarraju
- Factory: Plot-79/B&CPashamylaram, Patancheru Medak (Dist)- 502307, Telangana India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad- 500085, Telangana India
| | - Gangarapu. Kiran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & ChemistryAnurag Group of InstitutionsSchool of Pharmacy, Venkatapur(V), Ghatkesar(M), Medchal(D) Telangana India
| | - Madhvesh Pathak
- School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of Technology Vellore- 632014, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anreddy Rama Narsimha Reddy
- Department of PharmacologyJyothishmathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karimnagar Telangana State INDIA – 505481
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17
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Popova EA, Trifonov RE, Ostrovskii VA. Tetrazoles for biomedicine. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Kumar S, Deep A, Narasimhan B. A Review on Synthesis, Anticancer and Antiviral Potentials of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180124160405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyrimidine is the six membered heterocyclic aromatic compound similar to
benzene and pyridine containing two nitrogen atoms at 1st and 3rd positions. Pyrimidine is present
throughout nature in various forms and is the building blocks of numerous natural compounds from
antibiotics to vitamins and liposacharides. The most commonly recognized pyrimidines are the bases of
RNA and DNA, the most abundant being cytosine, thymine or uracil.
Results:
Pyrimidine is a core structure in a wide variety of compounds that exhibits significant biological
activity and also plays an important role in the drug discovery process. Various synthetic aspects
indicated that pyrimidine derivatives are easy to synthesize and has diverse biological and chemical
applications. The present review article aims to review the work reported on synthesis, anticancer and
antiviral potentials of pyrimidine derivatives during new millennium.
Conclusion:
It may be concluded that the fused pyrimidine derivatives enhanced the anticancer potential
against different human cancer cell lines and antiviral potential against different human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) etc, which created interest among the medicinal
chemists in the pyrimidine skeleton in medicinal chemistry. Thus, a tremendous scope for research is
present in this direction for investigating pyrimidine derivatives as lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Aakash Deep
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
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19
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Synthesis, in silico experiments and biological evaluation of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives as antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:353-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Hassan AS, Moustafa GO, Askar AA, Naglah AM, Al-Omar MA. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of fused pyrazoles and Schiff bases. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1524492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gaber O. Moustafa
- Peptide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Askar
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Naglah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological screening of some pyrazole derivatives as antileishmanial agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2325-2344. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Novel open chain and cyclized derivatives containing pyrazole scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated as antileishmanial compounds. Methodology & results: In silico reverse docking experiment suggested Leishmania major pteridine reductase (Lm-PTR1) as a putative target for the synthesized compounds. In vitro antileishmanial screening against L. major promastigotes and amastigotes using miltefosine and amphotericin B as references showed that the majority of the compounds displayed activity higher than miltefosine. Compounds 3i and 5 showed the highest antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of 1.45 ± 0.08 μM and 2.30 ± 0.09 μM, respectively, for the amastigote form. In silico drug-likeness and toxicity predictions showed acceptable profiles for most of the compounds, which were validated by experimental toxicity studies. Conclusion: This study offers promising entities for antileishmanial activity.
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Saueressig S, Tessmann J, Mastelari R, da Silva LP, Buss J, Segatto NV, Begnini KR, Pacheco B, de Pereira CMP, Collares T, Seixas FK. Synergistic effect of pyrazoles derivatives and doxorubicin in claudin-low breast cancer subtype. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:390-398. [PMID: 29276967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a global public health problem. For some subtypes, such as Claudin-low, the prognosis is poorer and the treatment is still a challenge. Pyrazoles are an important class of heterocyclic compounds and are promising anticancer agents based on their chemical properties. The present study was aimed not only at testing pyrazoles previously prepared by our research group in two breast cancer cell lines characterized by intermediated response to conventional chemotherapy but also at analyzing the possible synergistic effect of these pyrazoles associated with doxorubicin. METHODS Four 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H pyrazoles were tested for the first time in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 culture cells. The pyrazoles with best results in cytotoxicity were used in combination with doxorubicin and compared with this drug alone as standard. The synergic effect was analyzed using Combination Index method. In addition, cell death and apoptosis assays were carried out. RESULTS Two pyrazoles with cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 and especially in MDA-MB-231 were identified. This activity was markedly higher in pyrazoles containing bromine and chlorine substituents. The combination of these pyrazoles with doxorubicin had a significant synergic effect in both cells tested and mainly in MDA-MB-231. These data were confirmed with apoptosis and cell death analysis. CONCLUSIONS The synergic effect observed with combination of these pyrazoles and doxorubicin deserves special attention in Claudin-low breast cancer subtype. This should be explored in order to improve treatment results and minimize side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saueressig
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Josiane Tessmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mastelari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziane Pereira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Julieti Buss
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Vieira Segatto
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Rech Begnini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pacheco
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Collares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção, UFPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia (PPGB), Biotecnologia/Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Oncologia Celular E Molecular (GPO), Laboratório de Biotecnologia Do Câncer, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Cherukupalli S, Hampannavar GA, Chinnam S, Chandrasekaran B, Sayyad N, Kayamba F, Reddy Aleti R, Karpoormath R. An appraisal on synthetic and pharmaceutical perspectives of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:309-339. [PMID: 29273417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, a fused heterocycle bearing pyrazole and pyrimidine portions has gained a significant attention in the field of bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities particularly, anti-cancer, anti-infectious, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenosine antagonists and cytokinin antagonists etc. This review extensively unveils the synthetic and pharmacological diversity with special emphasis on structural variations around pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. This endeavour has thus uncovered the medicinal worthiness of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine framework. To the best of our knowledge this review is the first compilation on synthetic, medicinal and structure activity relationship (SAR) aspects of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines since 1956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Francis Kayamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Khalifa NM, Nossier ES, Al-Omar MA. Synthesis and characterization of new pyrazolyl-substituted thiazolidinone, thiazole, and thiazoline candidates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217060263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar P, Duhan M, Kadyan K, Sindhu J, Kumar S, Sharma H. Synthesis of novel inhibitors of α-amylase based on the thiazolidine-4-one skeleton containing a pyrazole moiety and their configurational studies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1468-1476. [PMID: 30108858 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia can be controlled by delaying the absorption of glucose resulting from carbohydrate digestion. α-Amylase is the initiator of the hydrolysis of polysaccharides, and therefore developing α-amylase inhibitors can lead to development of new treatments for metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus. In the present work, we set out to rationally develop α-amylase inhibitors based on the thiazolidine-4-one scaffold. The structures of all these newly synthesized hybrids were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, MS). The appearance of two sets of signals for some protons in 1H NMR revealed the existence of a mixture of 2E,5Z (37.1-42.0%) and 2Z,5Z isomers (58.4-62.8%), which was further supported by DFT studies. All the newly synthesized compounds have potential inhibitory properties as revealed through in vitro α-amylase inhibition activity. Compound 5a at 100 μg mL-1 concentration showed a remarkable inhibition of 90.04%. In vitro α-amylase inhibition was further supported by docking studies of compound 5a against the active site of human pancreatic α-amylase (PDB ID: ; 2QV4). The docking studies revealed that the bonding interactions found between 5a and human pancreatic α-amylase are similar to those responsible for α-amylase inhibition by acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra-136119 , India . ;
| | - Meenakshi Duhan
- Department of Chemistry , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra-136119 , India . ;
| | - Kulbir Kadyan
- Department of Chemistry , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra-136119 , India . ;
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra-136119 , India
| | - Hitender Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Kurukshetra University , Kurukshetra-136119 , India
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Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of novel derivatives of 4-(4-formyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid as potent anti-Acinetobacter baumannii agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:387-392. [PMID: 28065568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified antimicrobial resistance as one the three greatest threats for human beings in the 21st century. Without urgent and coordinated action, the world is moving toward a post-antibiotic era, in which normal infections or minor injuries may become fatal. In an effort to find new agents, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 40 novel 1,3-diphenyl pyrazole derivatives. These compounds have shown zones of growth inhibition up to 85mm against Acinetobacter baumannii. We tested the active compounds against this Gram-negative bacterium in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests and found activity with concentration as low as 4μg/mL.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N- Pyrazolyl Derivatives and Pyrazolopyrimidine Bearing a Biologically Active Sulfonamide Moiety as Potential Antimicrobial Agent. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091156. [PMID: 27589717 PMCID: PMC6273005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazole-5-carboxylate containing N-triazole derivatives 3,4; different heterocyclic amines 7a–b and 10a–b; pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine containing sulfa drugs 14a,b; and oxypyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 17, 19, 21 has been synthesized. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was elucidated on the basis of analytical and spectral analyses. All compounds have been screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against three gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as three fungi. The results revealed that compounds 14b and 17 had more potent antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains than reference drug Cefotaxime. Moreover compounds 4, 7b, and 12b showed excellent antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans in low inhibitory concentrations but slightly less than the reference drug miconazole against Aspergillus flavus.
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