1
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Salimova EV, Parfenova LV, Ishmetova DV, Zainullina LF, Vakhitova YV. Synthesis of fusidane triterpenoid Mannich bases as potential antibacterial and antitumor agents. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3956-3963. [PMID: 36591608 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2163483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mannich bases (8 examples) were synthesized via aminomethylation of fusidane propargyl esters. In vitro antimicrobial screening against key ESKAPE pathogens showed that the fusidic acid based Mannich products exhibit a high antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of fusidic acid and its analogs, which showed high antibacterial activity, was determined by MTT assay on cancer HepG2, HCT-116, SH-SY5Y, MCF-7, A549 and conditionally normal cells HEK293. A remarkable cytotoxic activity of fusidic acid propargyl ester and its aminomethylene derivatives against cancer and nontumoral HEK293 cells with IC50 values within 4.2-25 µM was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Salimova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila V Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Diana V Ishmetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Liana F Zainullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V Vakhitova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
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2
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Salimova EV, Mozgovoj OS, Efimova SS, Ostroumova OS, Parfenova LV. 3-Amino-Substituted Analogues of Fusidic Acid as Membrane-Active Antibacterial Compounds. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:309. [PMID: 36984696 PMCID: PMC10056636 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA) is an antibiotic with high activity against Staphylococcus aureus; it has been used in clinical practice since the 1960s. However, the narrow antimicrobial spectrum of FA limits its application in the treatment of bacterial infections. In this regard, this work aims both at the study of the antimicrobial effect of a number of FA amines and at the identification of their potential biological targets. In this way, FA analogues containing aliphatic and aromatic amino groups and biogenic polyamine, spermine and spermidine, moieties at the C-3 atom, were synthesized (20 examples). Pyrazinecarboxamide-substituted analogues exhibit a high antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MRSA) with MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL. Spermine and spermidine derivatives, along with activity against S. aureus, also inhibit the growth and reproduction of Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and have a high fungicidal effect against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The study of the membrane activity demonstrated that the spermidine- and spermine-containing compounds are able to immerse into membranes and disorder the lipidsleading to a detergent effect. Moreover, spermine-based compounds are also able to form ion-permeable pores in the lipid bilayers mimicking the bacterial membranes. Using molecular docking, inhibition of the protein synthesis elongation factor EF-G was proposed, and polyamine substituents were shown to make the greatest contribution to the stability of the complexes of fusidic acid derivatives with biological targets. This suggests that the antibacterial effect of the obtained compounds may be associated with both membrane activity and inhibition of the elongation factor EF-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Salimova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Mozgovoj
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Prospect, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga S. Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Prospect, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia
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3
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Long J, Ying T, Zhang L, Yu T, Wu J, Liu Y, Li X, You G, Zhang L, Bi Y. Discovery of fusidic acid derivatives as novel STING inhibitors for treatment of sepsis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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TIAN C, WANG K, ZHANG X, LI G, LOU HX. Old fusidane-type antibiotics for new challenges: Chemistry and biology. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:81-101. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Wang X, Duan W, Lin G, Li B, Zhang W, Lei F. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship and Molecular Docking Study of 4-Acyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-thioether Derivatives Containing Natural Pinene Structure. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Long J, Ji W, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Bi Y. Bioactivities and Structure-Activity Relationships of Fusidic Acid Derivatives: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759220. [PMID: 34721042 PMCID: PMC8554340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA) is a natural tetracyclic triterpene isolated from fungi, which is clinically used for systemic and local staphylococcal infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. FA and its derivatives have been shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antimalarial, antituberculosis, anticancer, tumor multidrug resistance reversal, anti-inflammation, antifungal, and antiviral activity in vivo and in vitro. The semisynthesis, structural modification and biological activities of FA derivatives have been extensively studied in recent years. This review summarized the biological activities and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of FA in the last two decades. This summary can prove useful information for drug exploration of FA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Long
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wentao Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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7
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Singh V, Dziwornu GA, Mabhula A, Chibale K. Rv0684/ fusA1, an Essential Gene, Is the Target of Fusidic Acid and Its Derivatives in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2437-2444. [PMID: 34196521 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major global health concern given the increase in multiple forms of drug-resistant TB. This underscores the importance of a continuous pipeline of new anti-TB agents. Drug repurposing has shown promise in expanding the therapeutic options for TB chemotherapy. Fusidic acid (FA), a natural product-derived antibiotic, is one such candidate for repurposing. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of FA and its selected analogs in M. tuberculosis. By using chemical biology and genetics, we identified elongation factor G as the target of FA in M. tuberculosis. We showed essentiality of its encoding gene fusA1 in M. tuberculosis by demonstrating that the transcriptional silencing of fusA1 is bactericidal in vitro and in macrophages. Thus, this work validated a novel drug target FusA1 in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Amanda Mabhula
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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8
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Garcia Chavez M, Garcia A, Lee HY, Lau GW, Parker EN, Komnick KE, Hergenrother PJ. Synthesis of Fusidic Acid Derivatives Yields a Potent Antibiotic with an Improved Resistance Profile. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:493-505. [PMID: 33522241 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA) is a potent steroidal antibiotic that has been used in Europe for more than 60 years to treat a variety of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Despite its clinical success, FA requires significantly elevated dosing (3 g on the first day, 1.2 g on subsequent days) to minimize resistance, as FA displays a high resistance frequency, and a large shift in minimum inhibitory concentration is observed for resistant bacteria. Despite efforts to improve on these aspects, all previously constructed derivatives of FA have worse antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than the parent natural product. Here, we report the creation of a novel FA analogue that has equivalent potency against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) as well as an improved resistance profile in vitro when compared to FA. Importantly, this new compound displays efficacy against an FA-resistant strain of S. aureus in a soft-tissue murine infection model. This work delineates the structural features of FA necessary for potent antibiotic activity and demonstrates that the resistance profile can be improved for this scaffold and target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Garcia Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Roger Adams
Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alfredo Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Roger Adams
Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyang Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Roger Adams
Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Erica N. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Roger Adams
Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kailey E. Komnick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Roger Adams
Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Roger Adams
Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Salih M, Walvekar P, Omolo CA, Elrashedy AA, Devnarain N, Fasiku V, Waddad AY, Mocktar C, Govender T. A self-assembled polymer therapeutic for simultaneously enhancing solubility and antimicrobial activity and lowering serum albumin binding of fusidic acid. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6567-6584. [PMID: 32772814 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The global antimicrobial resistance crisis has prompted worldwide efforts to develop new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds, as well as to develop new drug delivery strategies and targeting mechanisms. This study aimed to synthesize a novel polyethylene glycol-fusidic acid (PEG-FA) conjugate for self-assembly into nano-sized structures and explore its potential for simultaneously enhancing aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of FA. In addition, the ability of PEG-FA to bind to HSA with lower affinity than FA is also investigated. Haemolysis and in vitro cytotoxicity studies confirmed superior biosafety of the novel PEG-FA compared to FA. The water solubility of FA after PEG conjugation was increased by 25-fold compared to the bare drug. PEG-FA nanoparticles displayed particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 149.3 ± 0.21 nm, 0.267 ± 0.01 and 5.97 ± 1.03 mV, respectively. Morphology studies using high-resolution transmission electron microscope revealed a homogenous spherical shape of the PEG-FA nanoparticles. In silico studies showed that Van der Waals forces facilitated PEG-FA self-assembly. HSA binding studies showed that PEG-FA had very weak or no interaction with HSA using in silico molecular docking (-2.93 kcal/mol) and microscale thermophoresis (Kd=14999 ± 1.36 µM), which may prevent bilirubin displacement. Conjugation with PEG did not inhibit the antibacterial activity of FA but rather enhanced it by 2.5-fold against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, compared to the bare FA. These results show that PEG-FA can simultaneously enhance solubility and antibacterial activity of FA, whilst also reducing binding of HSA to decrease its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salih
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Pavan Walvekar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Victoria Fasiku
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayman Y Waddad
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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10
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Salimova EV, Magafurova AA, Tretyakova EV, Kukovinets OS, Parfenova LV. Indole Derivatives of Fusidane Triterpenoids: Synthesis and the Antibacterial Activity. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Singh K, Kaur G, Shanika PS, Dziwornu GA, Okombo J, Chibale K. Structure-activity relationship analyses of fusidic acid derivatives highlight crucial role of the C-21 carboxylic acid moiety to its anti-mycobacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115530. [PMID: 32362386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA) is a potent congener of the fusidane triterpenoid class of antibiotics. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggest the chemical structure of FA is optimal for its antibacterial activity. SAR studies from our group within the context of a drug repositioning approach in tuberculosis (TB) suggest that, as with its antibacterial activity, the C-21 carboxylic acid group is indispensable for its anti-mycobacterial activity. Further studies have led to the identification of 16-deacetoxy-16β-ethoxyfusidic acid (58), an analog which exhibited comparable activity to FA with an in vitro MIC99 value of 0.8 µM. Preliminary SAR studies around the FA scaffold suggested that the hydrophobic side chain at C-20, like the C-11 OH group, was required for activity. The C-3 OH group, however, can be functionalized to obtain more potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gurminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | | | - John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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12
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Synthesis, antifungal activity and potential mechanism of fusidic acid derivatives possessing amino-terminal groups. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:763-774. [PMID: 32208979 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Fusidic acid (FA) is a narrow-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic. We inadvertently discovered that a FA derivative modified by an amino-terminal group at the 3-OH position, namely 2, inhibited the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans. Methods & results: Multiscale molecular modeling approaches were used to analyze the binding modes of 2 with eEF2. FA derivatives modified at the 3-OH position were designed based on in silico models; seven derivatives possessing different amino-terminal groups were synthesized and tested in vitro for antifungal activity against C. neoformans. Conclusion: Compound 7 had the strongest minimum inhibitory concentration. Two protonated nitrogen atoms of 7 interacted with a negative electrostatic pocket of eEF2 likely explain the superiority of 7-2.
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Svec RL, Hergenrother PJ. Imidazotetrazines as Weighable Diazomethane Surrogates for Esterifications and Cyclopropanations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1857-1862. [PMID: 31793158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diazomethane is one of the most versatile reagents in organic synthesis, but its utility is limited by its hazardous nature. Although alternative methods exist to perform the unique chemistry of diazomethane, these suffer from diminished reactivity and/or correspondingly harsher conditions. Herein, we describe the repurposing of imidazotetrazines (such as temozolomide, TMZ, the standard of care for glioblastoma) for use as synthetic precursors of alkyl diazonium reagents. TMZ was employed to conduct esterifications and metal-catalyzed cyclopropanations, and results show that methyl ester formation from a wide variety of substrates is especially efficient and operationally simple. TMZ is a commercially available solid that is non-explosive and non-toxic, and should find broad utility as a replacement for diazomethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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14
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Svec RL, Hergenrother PJ. Imidazotetrazines as Weighable Diazomethane Surrogates for Esterifications and Cyclopropanations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riley L. Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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15
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Njoroge M, Kaur G, Espinoza-Moraga M, Wasuna A, Dziwornu GA, Seldon R, Taylor D, Okombo J, Warner DF, Chibale K. Semisynthetic Antimycobacterial C-3 Silicate and C-3/C-21 Ester Derivatives of Fusidic Acid: Pharmacological Evaluation and Stability Studies in Liver Microsomes, Rat Plasma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1634-1644. [PMID: 31309823 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA), a natural product fusidane triterpene-based antibiotic with unique structural features, is active in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). While possessing good pharmacokinetics in man, FA is rapidly metabolized in rodents, thus complicating proof-of-concept studies in this model. Toward the repositioning of FA as an anti-TB agent, we herein describe the synthesis, activity, and metabolism of FA and semisynthesized ester derivatives in rat liver microsomes, rat plasma, and mycobacterial cell culture. FA and derivative molecules with a free C-3 OH underwent species-specific metabolism to the corresponding 3-OH epimer, 3-epifusidic acid (3-epiFA). FA was also metabolized in rat plasma to form FA lactone. These additional routes of metabolism may contribute to the more rapid clearance of FA observed in rodents. C-3 alkyl and aryl esters functioned as classic prodrugs of FA, being hydrolyzed to FA in microsomes, plasma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. In contrast, C-3 silicate esters and C-21 esters were inert to hydrolysis and so did not act as prodrugs. The antimycobacterial activity of the C-3 silicate esters was comparable to that of FA, and these compounds were stable in microsomes and plasma, identifying them as potential candidates for evaluation in a rodent model of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Njoroge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gurminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Antonina Wasuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Ronnett Seldon
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Ni J, Guo M, Cao Y, Lei L, Liu K, Wang B, Lu F, Zhai R, Gao X, Yan C, Wang H, Bi Y. Discovery, synthesis of novel fusidic acid derivatives possessed amino-terminal groups at the 3-hydroxyl position with anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:122-131. [PMID: 30445262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel fusidic acid (FA) derivatives were synthesized and screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the Hela, U87, KBV and MKN45 cancer cell lines. Selected FA derivatives with anti-tumor activity were firstly identified including compound 4, which exhibited good anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values in the range of 1.26-3.57 μM. Further research revealed that compound 4 induced Hela cells to undergo apoptosis by increasing the ratio of the cells in the Sub-G0/G1 phase via decreasing the neo-synthesized proteins in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 10 μM. Compound 4 also showed good in vivo anti-tumor activity against the xenograft tumor of Hela cells and had no apparent toxicity. This study highlights the advantage of introducing the medium-length amino-terminal groups at the 3-OH position of FA to enhance its anti-tumor activity and suggests that compound 4 provides a starting point for designing more potent derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yucheng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Kangli Liu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Binghua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Fangfang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Rong Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
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Kaur G, Pavadai E, Wittlin S, Chibale K. 3D-QSAR Modeling and Synthesis of New Fusidic Acid Derivatives as Antiplasmodial Agents. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1553-1560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Elumalai Pavadai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sergio Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Tamaddon F, Azadi D. Synthesis and identification of nicotinium sulfate (3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine:H 2 SO 4 ) from tobacco-extracted nicotine: A protic ionic liquid and biocompatible catalyst for selective acetylation of amines. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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