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Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Mehta DK, Saini K, Saini M, Das R, Gupta S, Gautam V. Novel targets for potential therapeutic use in Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:17. [PMID: 36782201 PMCID: PMC9926720 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Future targets are a promising prospect to overcome the limitation of conventional and current approaches by providing secure and effective treatment without compromising patient compliance. Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing problem that has been raised worldwide, from 4% to 6.4% (around 285 million people) in past 30 years. This number may increase to 430 million people in the coming years if there is no better treatment or cure is available. Ageing, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are the key reasons for the worsening of this disease. It always had been a vital challenge, to explore new treatment which could safely and effectively manage diabetes mellitus without compromising patient compliance. Researchers are regularly trying to find out the permanent treatment of this chronic and life threatening disease. In this journey, there are various treatments available in market to manage diabetes mellitus such as insulin, GLP-1 agonist, biguanides, sulphonyl ureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones targeting the receptors which are discovered decade before. PPAR, GIP, FFA1, melatonin are the recent targets that already in the focus for developing new therapies in the treatment of diabetes. Inspite of numerous preclinical studies very few clinical data available due to which this process is in its initial phase. The review also focuses on the receptors like GPCR 119, GPER, Vaspin, Metrnl, Fetuin-A that have role in insulin regulation and have potential to become future targets in treatment for diabetes that may be effective and safer as compared to the conventional and current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Dhankhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinod Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, India
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Manaithiya A, Alam O, Sharma V, Javed Naim M, Mittal S, Khan IA. GPR119 agonists: Novel therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104998. [PMID: 34048996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is a group of genetically heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose frequency has gradually risen worldwide. Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (T2D) has started to achieve a pandemic level, and it is estimated that within the next decade, cases of diabetes might get double due to increase in aging population. Diabetes is rightly called the 'silent killer' because it has emerged to be one of the major causes, leading to renal failure, loss of vision; besides cardiac arrest in India. Thus, a clinical requirement for the oral drug molecules monitoring glucose homeostasis appears to be unmet. GPR119 agonist, a family of G-protein coupled receptors, usually noticed in β-cells of pancreatic as well as intestinal L cells, drew considerable interest for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). GPR119 monitors physiological mechanisms that enhance homeostasis of glucose, such as glucose-like peptide-1, gastrointestinal incretin hormone levels, pancreatic beta cell-dependent insulin secretion and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). In this manuscript, we have reviewed the work done in the last five years (2015-2020) which gives an approach to design, synthesize, evaluate and study the structural activity relationship of novel GPR119 agonist-based lead compounds. Our article would help the researchers and guide their endeavours in the direction of strategy and development of innovative, effective GPR119 agonist-based compounds for the management of diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
| | - Vrinda Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohd Javed Naim
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Shruti Mittal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Imran A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Pola S, Shah SR, Pingali H, Zaware P, Thube B, Makadia P, Patel H, Bandyopadhyay D, Rath A, Giri S, Patel JH, Ranvir RK, Sundar SR, Patel H, Kumar J, Jain MR. Discovery of a potent G-protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 35:116071. [PMID: 33611013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing prevalence of Type-2 diabetes in the world has an urgent need for multiple orally effective agents that can regulate glucose homeostasis. G-Protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR 119) agonists have demonstrated the glucose-dependent insulin secretion and showed beneficial effects on glycemic control in humans and/or relevant animal models. Herein, we describe our efforts towards identification of a potent and oral GPR 119 agonist 13c (ZY-G19), which showed in vitro potency in the cell-based assay and in vivo efficacy without exerting any significant signs of toxicity in relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Pola
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - Shailesh R Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - Harikishore Pingali
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Pandurang Zaware
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Baban Thube
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Pankaj Makadia
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Hoshang Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | | | - Akshyaya Rath
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Suresh Giri
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Jitendra H Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - R K Ranvir
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - S R Sundar
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Harilal Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Jeevan Kumar
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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Richardson J, Rilvin-Derrick E, Oram N. An Efficient Palladium-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation of Benzyl Chlorides. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An improved procedure for the aminocarbonylation of benzyl chloride derivatives using carbon monoxide and either primary or secondary amines has been developed. Studying the competing background alkylation reaction allowed the solvent and base to be selected for a simple catalyst screen, which, in turn, enabled the discovery of a method for the preparation of 2-arylacetamides under mild conditions, with minimal side-products using an inexpensive phosphine ligand. This non-traditional optimisation strategy allowed us to overcome the background alkylation, which has been cited as justification for the development of more complex and less atom-economical approaches.
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Fang Y, Zhang S, Li M, Xiong L, Tu L, Xie S, Jin Y, Liu Y, Yang Z, Liu R. Optimisation of novel 4, 8-disubstituted dihydropyrimido[5,4- b][1,4]oxazine derivatives as potent GPR 119 agonists. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 35:50-58. [PMID: 31656107 PMCID: PMC6830257 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1681988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR119 is a promising target for discovery of anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus agents. We described the optimisation of a novel series of pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]oxazine derivatives as GPR119 agonists. Most designed compounds exhibited good agonistic activities. Among them, compound 10 and 15 demonstrated the potent EC50 values (13 and 12 nM, respectively) and strong inherent activities. Moreover, significant hypoglycaemic effect of compound 15 was observed by reducing the blood glucose AUC0-2h at the dose of 30 mg/kg, which is stronger than Vildagliptin (23.4% reduction vs. 17.9% reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China.,National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Min Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Liangxing Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , China
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6
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Fang Y, Xiong L, Hu J, Zhang S, Xie S, Tu L, Wan Y, Jin Y, Li X, Hu S, Yang Z. Synthesis and evaluation of novel fused pyrimidine derivatives as GPR119 agonists. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:103-111. [PMID: 30685641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of fused pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as GPR119 agonists. Among them, cyclohexene fused compounds (tetrahydroquinazolines) showed greater GPR119 agonistic activities than did dihydrocyclopentapyrimidine and tetrahydropyridopyrimidine scaffolds. Analogues (16, 19, 26, 28, 42) bearing endo-N-Boc-nortropane amine and fluoro-substituted aniline exhibited better EC50 values (0.27-1.2 μM) though they appeared to be partial agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liangxing Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Manufacturing Technology of TCM Solid Preparation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shaojie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zunhua Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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7
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Neelamkavil SF, Stamford AW, Kowalski T, Biswas D, Boyle C, Chackalamannil S, Xia Y, Jayne C, Neustadt B, Hao J, Liu H, Dai X, Baker H, Hawes B, O’Neill K, Tang H, Greenlee WJ. Discovery of MK-8282 as a Potent G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 Agonist for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:457-461. [PMID: 29795759 PMCID: PMC5949837 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the world has necessitated an urgent need for multiple orally effective agents that can regulate glucose homeostasis with a concurrent reduction in body weight. G-Protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is a GPCR target at which agonists have demonstrated glucose-dependent insulin secretion and shows beneficial effects on glycemic control. Herein, we describe our efforts leading to the identification of a potent, oral GPR-119 agonist, MK-8282, which shows improved glucose tolerance in multiple animal models and has excellent off-target profile. The key design elements in the compounds involved a combination of a fluoro-pyrimidine and a conformationally constrained bridged piperidine to impart good potency and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh F. Neelamkavil
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew W. Stamford
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Timothy Kowalski
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dipshikha Biswas
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Craig Boyle
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Samuel Chackalamannil
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yan Xia
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Charles Jayne
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bernard Neustadt
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jinsong Hao
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hong Liu
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xing Dai
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hana Baker
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian Hawes
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kim O’Neill
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Huadong Tang
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William J. Greenlee
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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