1
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Mishra VK, Khanna A, Tiwari G, Tyagi R, Sagar R. Recent developments on the synthesis of biologically active glycohybrids. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107172. [PMID: 38340475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of hybridization emerges as a potent tool in advancing drug discovery research, with a significant emphasis on carbohydrate-containing hybrid scaffolds. Evidence indicates that linking carbohydrate molecules to privileged bioactive scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of drug molecules. This synergy results in a diverse range of activities, making carbohydrate scaffolds pivotal for synthesizing compound libraries with significant functional and structural diversity. Beyond their synthesis utility, these scaffolds offer applications in screening bioactive molecules, presenting alternative avenues for drug development. This comprehensive review spanning 2015 to 2023 focuses on synthesized glycohybrid molecules, revealing their bioactivity in areas such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory activities, enzyme inhibition and pesticides. Numerous novel glycohybrids surpass positive control drugs in biological activity. This focused study not only highlights the diverse bioactivities of glycohybrids but also underscores their promising role in innovative drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005; Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067 New Delhi.
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2
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Wang W, Li Y, He Y, Jiang X, Yi Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Chen G, Yang M, Luo JL, Fan B. Progress in the total synthesis of resin glycosides. Front Chem 2022; 10:1036954. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1036954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin glycosides, mainly distributed in plants of the family Convolvulaceae, are a class of novel and complex glycolipids. Their structural complexity and significant biological activities have received much attention from synthetic chemists, and a number of interesting resin glycosides have been synthesized. The synthesized resin glycosides and their analogues not only helped in structural verification, structural modification, and further biological activity exploration but also provided enlightenment for the synthesis of glycoside compounds. Herein, the present review summarizes the application of various efforts toward the synthesis of resin glycosides in the last decade.
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3
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Ring-Opened Analogues of Ipomoeassin F. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144419. [PMID: 35889292 PMCID: PMC9320607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The plant-derived macrocyclic resin glycoside ipomoeassin F (Ipom-F) binds to Sec61α and significantly disrupts multiple aspects of Sec61-mediated protein biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum, ultimately leading to cell death. However, extensive assessment of Ipom-F as a molecular tool and a therapeutic lead is hampered by its limited production scale, largely caused by intramolecular assembly of the macrocyclic ring. Here, using in vitro and/or in cellula biological assays to explore the first series of ring-opened analogues for the ipomoeassins, and indeed all resin glycosides, we provide clear evidence that macrocyclic integrity is not required for the cytotoxic inhibition of Sec61-dependent protein translocation by Ipom-F. Furthermore, our modeling suggests that open-chain analogues of Ipom-F can interact with multiple sites on the Sec61α subunit, most likely located at a previously identified binding site for mycolactone and/or the so-called lateral gate. Subsequent in silico-aided design led to the discovery of the stereochemically simplified analogue 3 as a potent, alternative lead compound that could be synthesized much more efficiently than Ipom-F and will accelerate future ipomoeassin research in chemical biology and drug discovery. Our work may also inspire further exploration of ring-opened analogues of other resin glycosides.
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4
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Fan BY, Jiang X, Li YX, Wang WL, Yang M, Li JL, Wang AD, Chen GT. Chemistry and biological activity of resin glycosides from Convolvulaceae species. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2025-2066. [PMID: 35707917 DOI: 10.1002/med.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based drug discovery has gained more and more attention during the last few decades. Resin glycoside is a kind of novel and complex glycolipids mainly distributed in plants of the family Convolvulaceae. Over the last decade, a number of natural resin glycosides and derivatives have been isolated and identified, and exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as cytotoxic, multidrug-resistant reversal on both microbial pathogens and mammalian cancer cells, antivirus, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, sedative, vasorelaxant, laxative, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, indicating their potential as lead compounds for drug discovery. A systematic review of the literature studies was carried out to summarize the chemistry and biological activity of resin glycosides from Convolvulaceae species, based on various data sources such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar. The keyword "Convolvulaceae" was paired with "resin glycoside," "glycosidic acid," "glycolipid," or "oligosaccharide," and the references published between 2009 and June 2021 were covered. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed the structures of 288 natural resin glycoside and derivatives newly reported in the last decade. Moreover, we summarized the biological activities and mechanisms of action of the resin glycosides with pharmaceutical potential. Taken together, great progress has been made on the chemistry and biological activity of resin glycosides from Convolvulaceae species, however, more exploratory research is still needed, especially on the mechanism of action of the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Fan
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Li Wang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Lin Li
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - An-Dong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Tong Chen
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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A comprehensive review on natural occurrence, synthesis and biological activities of glycolipids. Carbohydr Res 2022; 516:108556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Sun J, Fang J, Xiao X, Cai L, Zhao X, Zeng J, Wan Q. Total synthesis of tricolorin A via interrupted Pummerer reaction-mediated glycosylation and one-pot relay glycosylation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3818-3822. [PMID: 32297605 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tricolorin A, a bioactive resin glycoside, was synthesized stepwise or in one pot based on interrupted Pummerer reaction-mediated (IPRm) glycosylation. The stepwise synthesis adopted a [2 + 2] assembly sequence, and all of the glycosidic bonds were constructed efficiently by IPRm glycosylation. The one-pot synthesis employed our recently developed one-pot relay glycosylation strategy, in which two different glycosidic bonds were sequentially connected with only one equivalent of external activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuchang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Lei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. and Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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7
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Abstract
The author describes his 60-year career in studying the chemistry of natural products, which includes structural, synthetic, and biosynthetic studies of natural products ranging from insect pigments, antibiotics, and fecal mutagens to taxol and other anticancer natural products as well as antimalarial natural products. One of the compounds discussed, napabucasin, is now an anticancer drug in phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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8
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Zong G, Hu Z, Duah KB, Andrews LE, Zhou J, O'Keefe S, Whisenhunt L, Shim JS, Du Y, High S, Shi WQ. Ring Expansion Leads to a More Potent Analogue of Ipomoeassin F. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16226-16235. [PMID: 33264019 PMCID: PMC7808706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Two
new ring-size-varying analogues (2 and 3) of ipomoeassin F were synthesized and evaluated. Improved cytotoxicity
(IC50: from 1.8 nM) and in vitro protein translocation
inhibition (IC50: 35 nM) derived from ring expansion imply
that the binding pocket of Sec61α (isoform 1) can accommodate
further structural modifications, likely in the fatty acid portion.
Streamlined preparation of the key diol intermediate 5 enabled gram-scale production, allowing us to establish that ipomoeassin
F is biologically active in vivo (MTD: ∼3 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Angion Biomedica Corp., 51 Charles Lindbergh Boulevard, Uniondale, New York 11553, United States
| | - Kwabena Baffour Duah
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Lauren E Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Sarah O'Keefe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Whisenhunt
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 6173 E. Old Marion Highway, Florence, South Carolina 29501, United States
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, 999078 Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Yuchun Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Stephen High
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Q Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
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9
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Fang J, Zeng J, Sun J, Zhang S, Xiao X, Lu Z, Meng L, Wan Q. Total Syntheses of Resin Glycosides Murucoidins IV and V. Org Lett 2019; 21:6213-6216. [PMID: 31247754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Murucoidins IV and V, two bioactive resin glycosides with complex yet similar structures isolated from the morning glory family, were synthesized in a convergent manner. All of the glycosylations in these syntheses including the key [3 + 2] coupling were achieved by our recently developed interrupted Pummerer reaction mediated (IPRm) glycosylations. The broad functional group compatibility of IPRm glycosylation allowed us to employ a latent-active concept and a single-pot transient protection-glycosylation-deprotection strategy which significantly improved the global synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Jiuchang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Zimin Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , P.R. China
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10
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Zong G, Hu Z, O’Keefe S, Tranter D, Iannotti MJ, Baron L, Hall B, Corfield K, Paatero AO, Henderson MJ, Roboti P, Zhou J, Sun X, Govindarajan M, Rohde JM, Blanchard N, Simmonds R, Inglese J, Du Y, Demangel C, High S, Paavilainen VO, Shi WQ. Ipomoeassin F Binds Sec61α to Inhibit Protein Translocation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8450-8461. [PMID: 31059257 PMCID: PMC6627486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoeassin F is a potent natural cytotoxin that inhibits growth of many tumor cell lines with single-digit nanomolar potency. However, its biological and pharmacological properties have remained largely unexplored. Building upon our earlier achievements in total synthesis and medicinal chemistry, we used chemical proteomics to identify Sec61α (protein transport protein Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1), the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 protein translocon, as a direct binding partner of ipomoeassin F in living cells. The interaction is specific and strong enough to survive lysis conditions, enabling a biotin analogue of ipomoeassin F to pull down Sec61α from live cells, yet it is also reversible, as judged by several experiments including fluorescent streptavidin staining, delayed competition in affinity pulldown, and inhibition of TNF biogenesis after washout. Sec61α forms the central subunit of the ER protein translocation complex, and the binding of ipomoeassin F results in a substantial, yet selective, inhibition of protein translocation in vitro and a broad ranging inhibition of protein secretion in live cells. Lastly, the unique resistance profile demonstrated by specific amino acid single-point mutations in Sec61α provides compelling evidence that Sec61α is the primary molecular target of ipomoeassin F and strongly suggests that the binding of this natural product to Sec61α is distinctive. Therefore, ipomoeassin F represents the first plant-derived, carbohydrate-based member of a novel structural class that offers new opportunities to explore Sec61α function and to further investigate its potential as a therapeutic target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zong
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States,Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhijian Hu
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Sarah O’Keefe
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Dale Tranter
- University
of Helsinki, HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland,Institute
of Biotechnology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J. Iannotti
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ludivine Baron
- Immunobiology
of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,INSERM, U1221, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Belinda Hall
- Department
of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Corfield
- Department
of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Anja O. Paatero
- University
of Helsinki, HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland,Institute
of Biotechnology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark J. Henderson
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Peristera Roboti
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Xianwei Sun
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States,Department
of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Mugunthan Govindarajan
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States,Emory
Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Jason M. Rohde
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 68000 Mulhouse, France
| | - Rachel Simmonds
- Department
of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom,
| | - James Inglese
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National
Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States,
| | - Yuchun Du
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States,
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology
of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France,INSERM, U1221, 75005 Paris, France,
| | - Stephen High
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom,
| | - Ville O. Paavilainen
- University
of Helsinki, HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland,Institute
of Biotechnology, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Wei Q. Shi
- †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ⬡Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States,Department
of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States,;
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11
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Zong G, Sun X, Bhakta R, Whisenhunt L, Hu Z, Wang F, Shi WQ. New insights into structure-activity relationship of ipomoeassin F from its bioisosteric 5-oxa/aza analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:751-757. [PMID: 29291442 PMCID: PMC5800971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoeassin F, a plant-derived macrolide, exhibited single-digit nanomolar growth inhibition activity against many cancer cell lines. In this report, a series of 5-oxa/aza analogues was prepared and screened for cytotoxicity. Replacement of 5-CH2 with O/NH simplified the synthesis and led to only a small activity loss. N-methylation almost completely restored the potency. Further studies with additional 5-oxa analogues suggested, for the first time, that size and flexibility of the ring also significantly influence the bioactivity of ipomoeassin F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Xianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rima Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Lucas Whisenhunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Wei Q Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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