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Sluyter R, Adriouch S, Fuller SJ, Nicke A, Sophocleous RA, Watson D. Animal Models for the Investigation of P2X7 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098225. [PMID: 37175933 PMCID: PMC10179175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The study of animals has greatly advanced the investigation of P2X7 and helped to establish the numerous physiological and pathophysiological roles of this receptor in human health and disease. Following a short overview of the P2X7 distribution, roles and functional properties, this article discusses how animal models have contributed to the generation of P2X7-specific antibodies and nanobodies (including biologics), recombinant receptors and radioligands to study P2X7 as well as to the pharmacokinetic testing of P2X7 antagonists. This article then outlines how mouse and rat models have been used to study P2X7. These sections include discussions on preclinical disease models, polymorphic P2X7 variants, P2X7 knockout mice (including bone marrow chimeras and conditional knockouts), P2X7 reporter mice, humanized P2X7 mice and P2X7 knockout rats. Finally, this article reviews the limited number of studies involving guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys (rhesus macaques), dogs, cats, zebrafish, and other fish species (seabream, ayu sweetfish, rainbow trout and Japanese flounder) to study P2X7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- UniRouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, and Immunotherapy, (PANTHER), Univ Rouen Normandie, University of Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stephen J Fuller
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Debbie Watson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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2
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Raval NR, Wetherill RR, Wiers CE, Dubroff JG, Hillmer AT. Positron Emission Tomography of Neuroimmune Responses in Humans: Insights and Intricacies. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:213-229. [PMID: 36270830 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the neuroimmune system has facilitated a greater understanding of its physiology and the pathology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. This review presents an in-depth look at PET findings from human neuroimmune function studies, highlighting their importance in current neuropsychiatric research. Although the majority of human PET studies feature radiotracers targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), this review also considers studies with other neuroimmune targets, including monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Promising new targets, such as colony-stimulating factor 1, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are also discussed. The significance of validating neuroimmune targets and understanding their function and expression is emphasized in this review to better identify and interpret PET results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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3
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Singh P, Singh D, Srivastava P, Mishra G, Tiwari AK. Evaluation of advanced, pathophysiologic new targets for imaging of CNS. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:484-513. [PMID: 36779375 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate information about the in vivo pathological, physiological, and neurological impairments, as well as the absence of in vivo tools for assessing brain penetrance and the efficiency of newly designed drugs, has hampered the development of new techniques for the treatment for variety of new central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The searching sites such as Science Direct and PubMed were used to find out the numerous distinct tracers across 16 CNS targets including tau, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein, the adenosine 2A receptor, the phosphodiesterase enzyme PDE10A, and the purinoceptor, among others. Among the most encouraging are [18 F]FIMX for mGluR imaging, [11 C]Martinostat for Histone deacetylase, [18 F]MNI-444 for adenosine 2A imaging, [11 C]ER176 for translocator protein, and [18 F]MK-6240 for tau imaging. We also reviewed the findings for each tracer's features and potential for application in CNS pathophysiology and therapeutic evaluation investigations, including target specificity, binding efficacy, and pharmacokinetic factors. This review aims to present a current evaluation of modern positron emission tomography tracers for CNS targets, with a focus on recent advances for targets that have newly emerged for imaging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Swami Shraddhananad College, University of Delhi, Alipur, Delhi, India
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Huang G, Qiu Y, Bi L, Wei H, Li G, Li Z, Ye P, Yang M, Shen Y, Liu H, Wang L, Jin H. PET Imaging of P2X7 Receptor (P2X7R) for Neuroinflammation with Improved Radiosynthesis of Tracer [18F]4A in Mice and Non-human Primates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3464-3476. [PMID: 36441909 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a key neuroinflammation target in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Improved radiosynthesis was developed according to the previously reported P2X7R antagonist GSK1482160. Biodistribution, radiometabolite, and dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET/CT-MRI) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rat model and the transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed a stable, low uptake of [18F]4A in the brain of healthy rats but a higher standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in LPS-treated rats (1.316 ± 0.062, n = 3) than in sham (1.093 ± 0.029, n = 3). There were higher area under curves (AUCs) in the neocortex (25.12 ± 1.11 vs 18.94 ± 1.47), hippocampus (22.50 ± 3.41 vs 15.90 ± 1.59), and basal ganglia (22.26 ± 0.81 vs 15.32 ± 1.76) of AD mice (n = 3) than the controls (n = 3) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 50 min dynamic PET in healthy nonhuman primates (NHPs) indicated [18F]4A could penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In conclusion, [18F]4A from this study is a potent P2X7R PET tracer that warrants further neuroinflammation quantification in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyi Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510630, China
| | - Guocong Li
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510630, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Peizhen Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510630, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai519000, Guangdong, China
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5
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Fu Z, Lin Q, Xu Z, Fu W, Shi D, Cheng Y, Yang T, Liu G, Shi H, Cheng D. Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging with P2X7 Receptor-Specific Radioligand 18F-FTTM in a Kainic Acid Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3512-3522. [PMID: 36383137 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), as a brain inflammation biomarker, play important roles in the epileptogenic progress. Mounting evidence supports their activation in the brain during epilepsy, and inhibition of the P2X7 receptor reduces the seizure frequency and severity. In this study, we investigate P2X7R-targeted (18F-FTTM) position emission tomography (PET) imaging in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy to obtain further insights into the role of P2X7R during epileptogenesis. 18F-FTTM (5-10% radiochemical yield, over 99% radiochemical purity, and a specific activity of 270-300 MBq/nmol, n = 6, EOS) was first synthesized. Then, the rat models induced by intrahippocampal injection of saline (1.2 μL, n = 15) or kainic acid (1.2 μL, 0.5 μg/μL, n = 35) were examined using 18F-FTTM Micro-PET/CT longitudinal imaging, respectively. The imaging results showed that increases in the 18F-FTTM uptake was evident after status epilepticus (SE) in the epileptogenesis-associated brain regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, or temporal cortex, and this peaked during the latent period. The histopathological analysis revealed that the P2X7R PET uptake reached a peak at 7 days after SE and was mostly related to microglial activation. Thus, P2X7R-targeted PET imaging agent 18F-FTTM may act as a useful tool for identifying brain inflammation during epilepsy. P2X7R PET is a highly potent longitudinal biomarker of epilepsy and could be of interest to determine the therapeutic windows in epilepsy and to monitor treatment response, and it warrants further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhequan Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Huang G, Lu X, Qiu Y, Bi L, Ye P, Yang M, Shen Y, Jin H, Han J. Hetero-aryl bromide precursor fluorine-18 radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [ 18F]GSK1482160. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:116996. [PMID: 36126443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP gated ion channel, is an important therapeutic target for various inflammatory immune and neurodegenerative diseases. A novel P2X7R targeting radiotracer GSK1482160 was radiosynthesized by hetero-aryl bromides precursor 10 with [18F]Et4NF, 20-30 % radiochemical yield, > 68 GBq/μmol specific activity, >98 % radiochemical purity. Evaluation in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that [18F]GSK1482160 ([18F]11) was stably retained 87.81 %, 72.45 %, and 56.32 % in brain, blood and liver respectively 60-min post-injection. Ex-vivo biodistribution of [18F]11 proved that it was able to target the P2X7R in vivo and there was no defluorination in the major organs. PET/MRI imaging and autoradiography revealed that [18F]11 was able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to be a promising P2X7R PET radioligand for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Huang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 200032, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Xiaolei Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Peizhen Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Yanfang Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, China
| | - Junbin Han
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 200032, China.
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7
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Novel plasma protein binding analysis method for a PET tracer and its radiometabolites: a case study with [11C]SMW139 to explain the high uptake of radiometabolites in mouse brain. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fu Z, Lin Q, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Cheng Y, Shi D, Fu W, Yang T, Shi H, Cheng D. P2X7 receptor-specific radioligand 18F-FTTM for atherosclerotic plaque PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2595-2604. [PMID: 35048153 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE P2X7 receptors have been considered as a promising biomarker for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are highly expressed by that instability-associated factors such as macrophages. Thus, we aim to investigate the feasibility of using specific P2X7-targeted 18F-labeled tracer 18F-FTTM ((2-chloro-3-[18F]fluorophenyl)[1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-5H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl]methanone) for PET study of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques identification. METHOD The radioligand 18F-FTTM was achieved based on the copper-mediated radiofluorination of arylstannane. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to verify the biochemical properties. Dynamic 18F-FTTM Micro-PET/CT imaging was performed for 1 h on ApoE-/- mice (10, 20, 30 weeks on high-fat diet) and wild-type C57BL/6 J mice on normal diet. Ex vivo PET imaging was conducted to verify the specificity of the radioligand. Serum inflammatory cytokines, lipids, and lipoproteins profiles were detected by ELISA. The lipid distribution and morphology of plaques were evaluated by Oil Red O, HE, Masson, and immunofluorescence stainings. RESULTS 18F-FTTM was afforded with decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 5-10%, specific activity of 269-320 MBq/nmol (n = 8, EOS), and radiochemical purity of above 99%. 18F-FTTM showed excellent stability in vitro, rapid blood clearance in mice, good affinity to RAW264.7 cells. We observed an increase in both in vivo and ex vivo imagings as disease progressed, and the imaging signatures correlated with histopathological features. Furthermore, compared with 18F-FDG imaging, the SUVmax values of 18F-FTTM at the aortic arch of ApoE-/- mice of high-fat feeding for 20 and 30 weeks were 43% and 53% higher than those of the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION We innovatively apply a new type P2X7-targeted PET probe (18F-FTTM) to identify vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, to detect the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis, and to provide a powerful non-invasive method for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions and new drug screening for accurate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhequan Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Saber S, Youssef ME, Sharaf H, Amin NA, El-Shedody R, Aboutouk FH, El-Galeel YA, El-Hefnawy A, Shabaka D, Khalifa A, Saleh RA, Osama D, El-Zoghby G, Gobba NA. BBG enhances OLT1177-induced NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation by targeting P2X7R/NLRP3 and MyD88/NF-κB signaling in DSS-induced colitis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 270:119123. [PMID: 33548287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ulceration of the colon is associated with the activation of TLR4/NF-κB and P2X7R/NLRP3 signaling pathways. We investigated the effect of individual or combined administration of BBG, a P2X7R blocker, and OLT1177, a selective NLRP3 inhibitor, in the dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model. The ulcerative rats were treated orally with brilliant blue G (BBG) (50 mg/kg/day) or OLT1177 (200 mg/kg/day) or a combination of both. Myd88 and NF-κB levels were measured by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Cytokines known to be associated with TLR4/NF-κB or P2X7R/NLRP3 signaling were measured by ELISA. P2X7R and NLRP3 expression were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The administration of BBG or OLT1177 ameliorated the toxic effects of DSS on the colon as they restored normal colonic macroscopic and microscopic morphology. BBG administration, but not OLT1177, reduced the expression of Myd88, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in addition to lowering P2X7R and oxidative stress levels. Individual BBG or OLT1177 administration decreased NLRP3 inflammasome recruitment and subsequent activation of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. However, the combined administration of OLT1177 with BBG potentiated its inhibitory effect on the NLRP3, which was reflected by the additional suppressive effect on caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 levels. In conclusion, BBG/OLT1177 exhibited complementary effects and effectively ameliorated UC. This novel approach provides a basis for the clinical application of this combination for the treatment of IBDs and might also be promising for the pharmacological intervention of other NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Hossam Sharaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Noha A Amin
- Department of Haematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
| | - Ruwyda El-Shedody
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Farah H Aboutouk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Yumna Abd El-Galeel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Hefnawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Dina Shabaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Arwa Khalifa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Renad A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Donya Osama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Zoghby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Gobba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt
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Abstract
Imaging has made an immense contribution toward supporting the diagnosis of dementias, detecting preclinical and prodromal pathology, and allowing disease progression to be objectively tracked. This has led to consensus guidelines for the use of imaging in dementias to be published and a future task will be to validate these guidelines. Additionally, there needs to be standardised approaches over the use of binary thresholds when assigning an abnormality status. Other medical unmet needs include the need for specific imaging markers of (1) linear tau tangles, TDP-43 and alpha synuclein aggregates; (2) microglial phenotypes that throw light on the activity of these inflammatory cells; (3) activity of intracellular processes which normally act to clear misfolded proteins; (4) epigenetic activity which regulates gene expression. Future imaging studies are predicted to be active in all these areas. Finally, as safer and more effective immunotherapy and other protective strategies against the pathologies of dementias are developed and trialed, imaging will play a major future role in determining the efficacy of neuroprotective treatments and their mechanism of action to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brooks
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
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Positron Emission Tomography in the Inflamed Cerebellum: Addressing Novel Targets among G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Immune Receptors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100925. [PMID: 32998351 PMCID: PMC7601272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes preceding clinical manifestation of brain diseases are moving increasingly into the focus of positron emission tomographic (PET) investigations. A key role in inflammation and as a target of PET imaging efforts is attributed to microglia. Cerebellar microglia, with a predominant ameboid and activated subtype, is of special interest also regarding improved and changing knowledge on functional involvement of the cerebellum in mental activities in addition to its regulatory role in motor function. The present contribution considers small molecule ligands as potential PET tools for the visualization of several receptors recognized to be overexpressed in microglia and which can potentially serve as indicators of inflammatory processes in the cerebellum. The sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), neuropeptide Y receptor 2 (NPY2) and purinoceptor Y12 (P2Y12) cannabinoid receptors and the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 as G-protein-coupled receptors and the ionotropic purinoceptor P2X7 provide structures with rather classical binding behavior, while the immune receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) might depend for instance on further accessory proteins. Improvement in differentiation between microglial functional subtypes in comparison to the presently used 18 kDa translocator protein ligands as well as of the knowledge on the role of polymorphisms are special challenges in such developments.
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