1
|
Grzywaczyk A, Smułek W, Kaczorek E. Saponaria officinalis saponins as a factor increasing permeability of Candida yeasts' biomembrane. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:152. [PMID: 38553646 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Saponins are a large group of compounds, produced mostly by plants as a side product of their metabolic activity. These compounds have attracted much attention over the years mostly because of their surface activity and antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties. On the other hand, most of the hitherto research has concerned the action of saponins against microbial cells as a whole. Therefore, knowing the possible interaction of saponins with biomembrane, we decided to check in-vitro the influence of saponin-rich extract of Saponaria officinalis on spheroplasts of two Candida sp. The obtained results show that 10 mg L- 1 of extract increased the permeability of spheroplasts up to 21.76% relative to that of the control sample. Moreover, the evaluation of surface potential has revealed a decrease by almost 10 mV relative to that of the untreated samples. Such results suggest its direct correlation to integration of saponins into the biomembrane structure. The obtained results have proved the antifungal potential of saponins and their ability of permeabilization of cells. This proves the high potential of saponins use as additives to antifungal pharmaceutics, which is expected to lead to improvement of their action or reduction of required dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grzywaczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-695, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-695, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaczorek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-695, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ito N, Watanabe NM, Okamoto Y, Umakoshi H. Multiplicity of solvent environments in lipid bilayer revealed by DAS deconvolution of twin probes: Comparative method of Laurdan and Prodan. Biophys J 2023; 122:4614-4623. [PMID: 37924207 PMCID: PMC10719072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laurdan and Prodan were designed for the evaluation of the surrounding hydration state. When inserted into lipid bilayer systems, both probes are located at different positions and their fluorescence properties are drastically varied, depending on their surrounding environment. In this study, a novel method using the above fluorescence probes was proposed on the basis of fluorescence lifetime (τ) and emission peak (λ), called as τ vs. λ plot, determined by global analysis of their multiple fluorescence decays and deconvolution of these decay-associated spectra. According to the evaluation of τ vs. λ plot, the existence of multiple fluorescence components in the membrane was revealed. In addition, their fluorescence distribution properties, described on τ vs. λ plot, of each probe tended to correspond to the phase state and vertical direction of the lipid membrane. To assess the contribution of environmental effect to each distribution, we defined the region in the τ vs. λ plot, which was modeled from a series of solvent mixtures (hexane, acetone, ethanol and water) to emulate the complex environment in the 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer system. The distributions of fluorescence components of Laurdan and Prodan in lipid membranes were classified into each solvent species, and Prodan partition into bulk water was distinguished. The sensitivity of Prodan to the phase pretransition of the 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine bilayer system was also observed in increasing the temperature. Noticeably, most of the fluorescence components was assigned to the solvent model, except for a single component that has longer lifetime and shorter emission wavelength. This component was dominant in solid-ordered phase; hence, it is assumed to be a specific component in lipid membranes that cannot be represented by solvents. Although these are still qualitative analytical methods, the unique approach proposed in this study provides novel insights into the multi-focal property of the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuumi Ito
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nozomi Morishita Watanabe
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Okamoto
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Umakoshi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ondevilla JC, Hanashima S, Mukogawa A, Miyazato DG, Umegawa Y, Murata M. Effect of the number of sugar units on the interaction between diosgenyl saponin and membrane lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184145. [PMID: 36914020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Saponin is the main bioactive component of the Dioscorea species, which are traditionally used for treating chronic diseases. An understanding of the interaction process of bioactive saponins with biomembranes provides insights into their development as therapeutic agents. The biological effects of saponins have been thought to be associated with membrane cholesterol (Chol). To shed light on the exact mechanisms of their interactions, we investigated the effects of diosgenyl saponins trillin (TRL) and dioscin (DSN) on the dynamic behavior of lipids and membrane properties in palmitoyloleolylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers using solid-state NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The membrane effects of diosgenin, a sapogenin of TRL and DSN, are similar to those of Chol, suggesting that diosgenin plays a major role in membrane binding and POPC chain ordering. The amphiphilicity of TRL and DSN enabled them to interact with POPC bilayers, regardless of Chol. In the presence of Chol, the sugar residues more prominently influenced the membrane-disrupting effects of saponins. The activity of DSN, which bears three sugar units, led to perturbation and further disruption of the membrane in the presence of Chol. However, TRL, which bears one sugar residue, increased the ordering of POPC chains while maintaining the integrity of the bilayer. This effect on the phospholipid bilayers is similar to that of cholesteryl glucoside. The influence of the number of sugars in saponin is discussed in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Candice Ondevilla
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Akane Mukogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Darcy Garza Miyazato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Centre for Fundamental Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Centre for Fundamental Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garza DL, Hanashima S, Umegawa Y, Murata M, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Greimel P. Behavior of Triterpenoid Saponin Ginsenoside Rh2 in Ordered and Disordered Phases in Model Membranes Consisting of Sphingomyelin, Phosphatidylcholine, and Cholesterol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10478-10491. [PMID: 35984899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a saponin of medicinal ginseng, and it has attracted much attention for its pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the interaction of Rh2 with biological membranes using model membranes. We examined the effects of various lipids on the membrane-disrupting activity of Rh2 and found that cholesterol and sphingomyelin (SM) had no significant effect. Furthermore, the effects of Rh2 on acyl chain packing (DPH anisotropy) and water molecule permeability (GP340 values) did not differ significantly between bilayers containing SM and saturated phosphatidylcholine. These results suggest that the formation of the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase affects the behavior of Rh2 in the membrane rather than a specific interaction of Rh2 with a particular lipid. We investigated the effects of Rh2 on the Lo and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases using surface tension measurements and fluorescence experiments. In the surface tension-area isotherms, we compared the monolayers of the Ld and Lo lipid compositions and found that Rh2 is abundantly bound to both monolayers, with the amount being greater in the Ld phase than in the Lo phase. In addition, the hydration state of the bilayers, mainly consisting of the Lo or Ld phase, showed that Rh2 tends to bind to the surface of the bilayer in both phases. At higher concentrations, Rh2 tends to bind more abundantly to the relatively shallow interior of the Ld phase than the Lo phase. The phase-dependent membrane behavior of Rh2 is probably due to the phase-selective affinity and binding mode of Rh2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Lacanilao Garza
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Lan J, Li Z, Zeng R, Wang Y, Zhen L, Jin H, Ding Y, Zhang T. A Novel Diosgenin-Based Liposome Delivery System Combined with Doxorubicin for Liver Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1685. [PMID: 36015311 PMCID: PMC9416271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a malignant tumor, liver cancer is mainly treated with chemotherapy, while chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), may lead to toxicity, drug resistance and poor prognosis. The targeted delivery systems of combining natural products and chemotherapeutic drugs are useful to eliminate cancers with reduced toxicity and increased efficiency. In this study, a diosgenin-based liposome loaded with DOX (Dios-DOX-LP) was developed for synergistic treatment of liver cancer, in which Dios not only replaced cholesterol as the membrane regulator to keep stability of liposomes, but also became the chemotherapy adjuvant of DOX for synergistic treatment. Dios-DOX-LP was characterized by particle size (99.4 ± 6.2 nm), zeta potential (-33.3 ± 2.5 mV), and entrapment efficiency (DOX: 98.77 ± 2.04%, Dios: 87.75 ± 2.93%), which had a good stability and slow-release effect. Compared with commercial DOX liposome (CHOL-DOX-LP), Dios-DOX-LP had an improved anti-tumor effect in vitro and in vivo by inducing the apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of the tumor cell, which was 1.6 times better than CHOL-DOX-LP in cytotoxicity, and had 78% of the tumor inhibition rate on tumor-bearing nude mice. Dios-DOX-LP provided a novel idea to achieve synergistic tumor treatment using diosgenin as a liposome material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinshuai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruifeng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu Zhen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haojieyin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang D, Wang X. Diosgenin and Its Analogs: Potential Protective Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2305-2323. [PMID: 35875677 PMCID: PMC9304635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and maladaptive immune response, which mediates most cardiovascular events. First-line drugs such as statins and antiplatelet drug aspirin have shown good effects against atherosclerosis but may lead to certain side effects. Thus, the development of new, safer, and less toxic agents for atherosclerosis is urgently needed. Diosgenin and its analogs have gained importance for their efficacy against life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system diseases, and cancer. Diosgenin and its analogs are widely found in the rhizomes of Dioscore, Solanum, and other species and share similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Recent data suggested diosgenin plays an anti-atherosclerosis role through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, plasma cholesterol-lowering, anti-proliferation, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, a review of the effects of diosgenin and its natural structure analogs on AS is still lacking. This review summarizes the effects of diosgenin and its analogs on vascular endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and calcification, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and provides a new overview of its anti-atherosclerosis mechanism. Besides, the structures, sources, safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and biological availability are introduced to reveal the limitations and challenges of current studies, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of diosgenin and its analogs and provide a new idea for developing new agents for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolong Wang, Tel +86 13501991450, Fax +86 21 51322445, Email
| |
Collapse
|