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Berteau JP. Predicting altered bone biomechanics in juvenile mice: insights from microgravity simulation, loading interventions, and Raman Spectroscopy. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:20. [PMID: 38745255 PMCID: PMC11092207 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microgravity, a condition experienced in a spatial environment, poses unique challenges to the skeletal system, particularly in juvenile organisms. This study aimed to investigate alterations in bone biomechanics of juvenile mice due to unloading - that simulates microgravity in the laboratory-and the effects of a bone-loading intervention. We compared bone compositional and mechanical properties between 21-six-week-old C57Bl/6 from a control group (wild type) and a group that underwent a tail-suspension unloading protocol to mimic microgravity (MG). The second group (MG) experienced additional in vivo loading protocol (MG + LDG) on the right hind leg, where dynamic compressive loading was applied to the right knee using a custom-built loading device. RESULTS Our results show that after two weeks, we successfully induced bone alterations by (i) decreasing the energy dissipated before fracture and (ii) decreasing the yield and maximum stress. In addition, we showed that Mineral to matrix component [ν1PO4/Amide I], Carbonate to Amide [CO3/Amide I], and Crystallinity [1/FWHM(ν1PO4)] are strongly linked in physiological bone but not in microgravity even after loading intervention. While Crystallinity is very sensitive to bone deformation (strain) alterations coming from simulated microgravity, we show that Carbonate to Amide [CO3/Amide I] - a common marker of turnover rate/remodeling activity-is a specific predictor of bone deformation for bone after simulated microgravity. Our results also invalidate the current parameters of the loading intervention to prevent bone alterations entirely in juvenile mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study successfully induced bone alterations in juvenile mice by using an unloading protocol to simulate microgravity, and we provided a new Raman Spectroscopy (RS) dataset of juvenile mice that contributes to the prediction of cortical bone mechanical properties, where the degree of interrelationship for RS data for physiological bone is improved compared to the most recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, City University of New York - College of Staten Island, New-York, USA.
- New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York - City College of New York, New-York, USA.
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New-York, USA.
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Szabo E, Bensusan J, Akkus O, Rimnac C. Immature porcine cortical bone mechanical properties and composition change with maturation and displacement rate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106487. [PMID: 38490048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Computational models of mature bone have been used to predict fracture; however, analogous study of immature diaphyseal fracture has not been conducted due to sparse experimental mechanical data. A model of immature bone fracture may be used to aid in the differentiation of accidental and non-accidental trauma fractures in young, newly ambulatory children (0-3 years). The objective of this study was to characterize the evolution of tissue-level mechanical behavior, composition, and microstructure of maturing cortical porcine bone with uniaxial tension, Raman spectroscopy, and light microscopy as a function of maturation. We asked: 1) How do the monotonic uniaxial tensile properties change with maturation and displacement rate; 2) How does the composition and microstructure change with maturation; and 3) Is there a correlation between composition and tensile properties with maturation? Elastic modulus (p < 0.001), fracture stress (p < 0.001), and energy absorption (p < 0.014) increased as a function of maturation at the quasistatic rate by 110%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Fracture stress also increased by 90% with maturation at the faster rate (p = 0.001). Fracture stress increased as a function of increasing displacement rate by 28% (newborn p = 0.048; 1-month p = 0.004; 3-month p= < 0.001), and fracture strain decreased by 68% with increasing displacement rate (newborn p = 0.002; 1-month p = 0.036; 3-month p < 0.001). Carbonate-to-phosphate ratio was positively linearly related to elastic modulus, and fracture stress was positively related to carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and matrix maturation ratio. The results of this study support that immature bone is strain-rate dependent and becomes more brittle at faster rates, contributing to the foundation upon which a computational model can be built to evaluate immature bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jay Bensusan
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Raghunathan V, Nartey A, Dhamodaran K, Baidouri H, Staverosky JA, Keller KE, Zientek K, Reddy A, Acott T, Vranka JA. Characterization of extracellular matrix deposited by segmental trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109605. [PMID: 37506755 PMCID: PMC11104015 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biophysical and biochemical attributes of the extracellular matrix are major determinants of cell fate in homeostasis and disease. Ocular hypertension and glaucoma are diseases where the trabecular meshwork tissue responsible for aqueous humor egress becomes stiffer accompanied by changes in its matrisome in a segmental manner with regions of high or low flow. Prior studies demonstrate these alterations in the matrix are dynamic in response to age and pressure changes. The underlying reason for segmentation or differential response to pressure and stiffening are unknown. This is largely due to a lack of appropriate models (in vitro or ex vivo) to study this phenomena. METHODS Primary trabecular meshwork cells were isolated from segmental flow regions, and cells were cultured for 4 weeks in the presence or absence or dexamethasone to obtain cell derived matrices (CDM). The biomechanical attributes of the CDM, composition of the matrisome, and incidence of crosslinks were determined by atomic force microscopy and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Data demonstrate that matrix deposited by cells from low flow regions are stiffer and exhibit a greater number of immature and mature crosslinks, and that these are exacerbated in the presence of steroid. We also show a differential response of high or low flow cells to steroid via changes observed in the matrix composition. However, no correlations were observed between elastic moduli and presence or absence of mature and immature crosslinks in the CDMs. CONCLUSION Regardless of a direct correlation between matrix stiffness and crosslinks, we observed distinct differences in the composition and mechanics of the matrices deposited by segmental flow cells. These results suggest distinct differences in cellular identify and likely a basis for mechanical memory post isolation and culture. Nevertheless, we conclude that although a mechanistic basis for matrix stiffness was undetermined in this study, it is a viable tool to study cell-matrix interactions and further our understanding of trabecular meshwork pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrews Nartey
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hasna Baidouri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kate E Keller
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Casey Eye Institute, USA
| | - Keith Zientek
- Proteomics Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ashok Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ted Acott
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Casey Eye Institute, USA
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Mieczkowska A, Mabilleau G. Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy for the Evaluation of Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Bone Collagen. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:344-353. [PMID: 37278762 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic cross-linking of the bone collagen is important to resist to crack growth and to increased flexural strength. In the present study, we proposed a new method for assessment of enzymatic cross-link based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy that takes into account secondary structure of type I collagen. Briefly, femurs were collected from sham or ovariectomized mice and subjected either to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or embedded in polymethylmethacrylate, cut and analyzed by FTIR microspectroscopy. FTIR acquisition was recorded before and after ultraviolet (UV) exposure or acid treatment. In addition, femurs from a second animal study were used to compare gene expression of Plod2 and Lox enzymes and enzymatic cross-links determined by FTIR microspectroscopy. We evidenced here that intensities and areas of subbands located at ~1660, ~1680, and ~1690 cm-1 were positively and significantly associated with the concentration of pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline, or immature dihydroxylysinonorleucine/hydroxylysinonorleucine cross-links. Seventy-two hours exposure to UV light significantly reduced by ~86% and ~89% the intensity and area of the ~1660 cm-1 subband. Similarly, 24 h of acid treatment significantly reduced by 78% and 76% the intensity and area of the ~1690 cm-1 subband. Plod2 and Lox expression were also positively associated to the signal of the ~1660 and ~1690 cm-1 subbands. In conclusion, our study provided a new method for decomposing the amide I envelope of bone section that positively correlates with PYD and immature collagen cross-links. This method allows for investigation of tissue distribution of enzymatic cross-links in bone section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, Université d'Angers, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, REGOS, SFR ICAT, Université d'Angers, 49000, Angers, France.
- CHU Angers, Departement de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, UF de Pathologie osseuse, 49933, Angers, France.
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Al-Qudsy L, Hu YW, Xu H, Yang PF. Mineralized Collagen Fibrils: An Essential Component in Determining the Mechanical Behavior of Cortical Bone. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2203-2219. [PMID: 37075172 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone comprises mechanically different materials in a specific hierarchical structure. Mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs), represented by tropocollagen molecules and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, are the fundamental unit of bone. The mechanical characterization of MCFs provides the unique adaptive mechanical competence to bone to withstand mechanical load. The structural and mechanical role of MCFs is critical in the deformation mechanisms of bone and the marvelous strength and toughness possessed by bone. However, the role of MCFs in the mechanical behavior of bone across multiple length scales is not fully understood. In the present study, we shed light upon the latest progress regarding bone deformation at multiple hierarchical levels and emphasize the role of MCFs during bone deformation. We propose the concept of hierarchical deformation of bone to describe the interconnected deformation process across multiple length scales of bone under mechanical loading. Furthermore, how the deterioration of bone caused by aging and diseases impairs the hierarchical deformation process of the cortical bone is discussed. The present work expects to provide insights on the characterization of MCFs in the mechanical properties of bone and lays the framework for the understanding of the multiscale deformation mechanics of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luban Al-Qudsy
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, 8998+QHJ Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yi-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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6
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Wang H, Falcoz S, Morales J, Berteau JP. Investigating bone resorption in Atlantic herring fish intermuscular bones with solid-state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9336-9348. [PMID: 36920434 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Bones are connective tissues mainly made of collagen proteins with calcium phosphate deposits. They undergo constant remodeling, including destroying existing bones tissues (known as bone resorption) and rebuilding new ones. Bone remodeling has been well-described in mammals, but it is not the case in fish. Here, we focused on the mobile phase of the bone vascular system by carefully preserving moisture in adult Atlantic herring intermuscular bones. We detected pore water with high ionic strength and soluble degraded peptides whose 1H-transverse relaxation times, T2s, exceed 15 milliseconds. With favorable T2s, we incorporated a solution state spinlock scheme into the INEPT techniques to unequivocally demonstrate collagen degradation. In addition, we detected a substantial amount of inorganic phosphate in solution with 31P-NMR in the considerable background of solid hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate by saturation recovery experiment. It is consistent with the idea that bone resorption degrades bone collagen and releases calcium ions and phosphate ions in the pore water with increased ionic strength. Our report is the first to probe the resorption process in the heterogenous bone microstructure with a rigorous characterization of 1H and 13C relaxation behavior and direct assignments. In addition, we contribute to the fish bones literature by investigating fish bone remodeling using NMR for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Steve Falcoz
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Jorge Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.,New York Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City University of New York - City College of New York, New York 10031, USA.,Nanosciences Initiative, City University of New York - Advanced Science Research Center, New York 10031, USA
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Raghunathan V, Nartey A, Dhamodaran K, Baidouri H, Staverosky JA, Keller KE, Zientek K, Reddy A, Acott T, Vranka JA. Characterization of extracellular matrix deposited by segmental trabecular meshwork cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.11.532242. [PMID: 36945588 PMCID: PMC10028995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.11.532242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical attributes of the extracellular matrix are major determinants of cell fate in homeostasis and disease. Ocular hypertension and glaucoma are diseases where the trabecular meshwork tissue responsible for aqueous humor egress becomes stiffer accompanied by changes in its matrisome in a segmental manner with regions of high or low flow. Prior studies demonstrate these alterations in the matrix are dynamic in response to age and pressure changes. The underlying reason for segmentation or differential response to pressure and stiffening are unknown. This is largely due to a lack of appropriate models ( in vitro or ex vivo ) to study this phenomena. In this study, we characterize the biomechanical attributes, matrisome, and incidence of crosslinks in the matrix deposited by primary cells isolated from segmental flow regions and when treated with glucocorticosteroid. Data demonstrate that matrix deposited by cells from low flow regions are stiffer and exhibit a greater number of immature and mature crosslinks, and that these are exacerbated in the presence of steroid. We also show a differential response of high or low flow cells to steroid via changes observed in the matrix composition. We conclude that although a mechanistic basis for matrix stiffness was undetermined in this study, it is a viable tool to study cell-matrix interactions and further our understanding of trabecular meshwork pathobiology.
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8
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Willett TL, Voziyan P, Nyman JS. Causative or associative: A critical review of the role of advanced glycation end-products in bone fragility. Bone 2022; 163:116485. [PMID: 35798196 PMCID: PMC10062699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the organic matrix of bone with aging and chronic disease such as diabetes is thought to increase fracture risk independently of bone mass. However, to date, there has not been a clinical trial to determine whether inhibiting the accumulation of AGEs is effective in preventing low-energy, fragility fractures. Moreover, unlike with cardiovascular or kidney disease, there are also no pre-clinical studies demonstrating that AGE inhibitors or breakers can prevent the age- or diabetes-related decrease in the ability of bone to resist fracture. In this review, we critically examine the case for a long-standing hypothesis that AGE accumulation in bone tissue degrades the toughening mechanisms by which bone resists fracture. Prior research into the role of AGEs in bone has primarily measured pentosidine, an AGE crosslink, or bulk fluorescence of hydrolysates of bone. While significant correlations exist between these measurements and mechanical properties of bone, multiple AGEs are both non-fluorescent and non-crosslinking. Since clinical studies are equivocal on whether circulating pentosidine is an indicator of elevated fracture risk, there needs to be a more complete understanding of the different types of AGEs including non-crosslinking adducts and multiple non-enzymatic crosslinks in bone extracellular matrix and their specific contributions to hindering fracture resistance (biophysical and biological). By doing so, effective strategies to target AGE accumulation in bone with minimal side effects could be investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that aim to prevent fragility fractures in conditions that bone mass is not the underlying culprit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Willett
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul Voziyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Pei B, Lu D, Wu X, Xu Y, Ma C, Wu S. Kinematic and biomechanical responses of the spine to distraction surgery in children with early onset scoliosis: A 3-D finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:933341. [PMID: 35910017 PMCID: PMC9336159 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.933341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodical and consecutive distraction is an effective treatment for severe early onset scoliosis (EOS), which enables the spinal coronal and sagittal plane deformity correction. However, the rate of rod fractures and postoperative complications was still high mainly related to the distraction process. Previous studies have primarily investigated the maximum safe distraction force without a rod broken, neglecting the spinal re-imbalance and distraction energy consumption, which is equally vital to evaluate the operative value. This study aimed to reveal the kinematic and biomechanical responses occurring after spinal distraction surgery, which were affected by traditional bilateral fixation. The spinal models (C6-S1) before four distractions were reconstructed based on CT images and the growing rods were applied with the upward displacement load of 0–25 mm at an interval of 5 mm. Relationships between the distraction distance, the distraction force and the thoracic and lumbar Cobb angle were revealed, and the spinal displacement and rotation in three-dimensional directions were measured. The spinal overall imbalance would also happen during the distraction process even under the safe force, which was characterized by unexpected cervical lordosis and lateral displacement. Additionally, the law of diminishing return has been confirmed by comparing the distraction energy consumption in different distraction distances, which suggests that more attention paid to the spinal kinematic and biomechanical changes is better than to the distraction force. Notably, the selection of fixed segments significantly impacts the distraction force at the same distraction distance. Accordingly, some results could provide a better understanding of spinal distraction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Pei
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Lu
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Wu, ; Shuqin Wu,
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghao Ma
- Beijing key laboratory for design and evaluation technology of advanced implantable and interventional medical devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- School of Big Data and Information, Shanxi College of Technology, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Wu, ; Shuqin Wu,
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Pei B, Lu D, Wu X, Xu Y, Ma C, Wu S. Effects of Growing Rod Technique with Different Surgical Modes and Growth Phases on the Treatment Outcome of Early Onset Scoliosis: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19042057. [PMID: 35206246 PMCID: PMC8872610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early onset scoliosis (EOS) is emerging as a serious threat to children’s health and is the third largest threat to their health after myopia and obesity. At present, the growing rod technique (GRT), which allows patients to regain a well-balanced sagittal profile, is commonly considered as an invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of EOS. However, the risk of postoperative complications and instrumentation breakage remains high, which is mainly related to the choice of fixed mode. Several authors have studied primary stability and instrumentation loads, neglecting the mechanical transmission of the spinal long-segment model in different growth phases, which is fundamental to building a complete biomechanical environment. The present study aimed to investigate the kinematic and biomechanical properties that occur after GRT, across the long spinal structure and the posterior instrumentation, which are affected by unilateral or bilateral fixation. Accordingly, spinal segments (C6-S1) were loaded under flexion (Flex), extension (Ext), left lateral bending (LB), right lateral bending (RB), left torsion (LT), and right torsion (RT) using 11 established spinal models, which were from three growth phases. The stress distribution, spinal and intervertebral range of motion (ROM), counter torque of the vertebra, and bracing force on the rods were measured. The results showed that bilateral posterior fixation (BPF) is more stable than unilateral posterior fixation (UPF), at the expense of more compensations for the superior adjacent segment (SAS), especially when the superior fixed segment is closer to the head. Additionally, the bracing force of the instrumentation on the spine increases as the Cobb angle decreases. Accordingly, this biomechanical analysis provides theoretical suggestions for the selection of BPF or UPF and fixed segments in different growing phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Da Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Chenghao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Design and Evaluation Technology of Advanced Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.P.); (D.L.); (Y.X.); (C.M.)
| | - Shuqin Wu
- School of Big Data and Information, Shanxi College of Technology, Shuozhou 036000, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.W.)
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Chekroun A, Pujo-Menjouet L, Falcoz S, Tsuen K, Tsueng K, Berteau JP. Theoretical Evidence of Osteoblast Self-Inhibition after Activation of the Genetic Regulatory Network Controlling Mineralization. J Theor Biol 2022;:111005. [PMID: 35031309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a hard-soft biomaterial built through a self-assembly process under genetic regulatory network (GRN) monitoring. This paper aims to capture the behavior of the bone GRN part that controls mineralization by using a mathematical model. Here, we provide an advanced review of empirical evidence about interactions between gene coding (i) transcription factors and (ii) bone proteins. These interactions are modeled with nonlinear differential equations using Michaelis-Menten and Hill functions. Compared to empirical evidence, the two best systems (among 126=2,985,984 possibilities) use factors of inhibition from the start of the activation of each gene. It reveals negative indirect interactions coming from either negative feedback loops or the recently depicted micro-RNAs. The difference between the two systems also lies in the BSP equation and two ways for activating and reducing its production. Thus, it highlights the critical role of BSP in the bone GRN that acts on bone mineralization. Our study provides the first theoretical evidence of a necessary genetic inhibition for bone mineralization with this work.
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Baron C, Follet H, Pithioux M, Payan C, Lasaygues P. Assessing the Elasticity of Child Cortical Bone. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2022; 1364:297-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Szabo E, Rimnac C. Biomechanics of immature human cortical bone: A systematic review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104889. [PMID: 34736022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of mature human bone are widely reported; however, immature bone (0-18 years) has not been similarly robustly characterized. There is an interest in analyzing and predicting the mechanical loading conditions associated with long bone diaphyseal fractures attributed to trauma in children. Thus, understanding the mechanical properties of immature bone in a temporal reference frame is an essential first step to understand diaphyseal fractures of pediatric long bones. The purpose of this systematic review was to ask, what is the state of knowledge regarding the 1) evolution of whole bone geometry and microstructure of immature pediatric bone as a function of maturation and 2) cortical bone density and experimental quasi-static mechanical properties at the tissue level in the diaphyseal region of immature pediatric long bones? The systematic search yielded 36 studies of the whole bone geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of immature pediatric long bones. The elastic modulus, yield stress, and ultimate stress were shown to generally increase with maturation, whereas the yield strain was approximately invariant; however, the specific year-to-year progression of these properties could not be characterized from the limited studies available. The results of this systematic search indicate there is a dearth of knowledge associated with the biomechanics of cortical bone from immature pediatric long bones; it also provides a basis for computational studies of immature human long bones. Additional biomechanical studies of immature human bone are necessary to develop a robust catalogue, which can be used in broad applications to understand fracture mechanics, bone pathologies, and athletic injury in the pediatric setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Szabo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Clare Rimnac
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2123 Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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14
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Ludwa IA, Mongeon K, Sanderson M, Gracia Marco L, Klentrou P. Testing the Functional Model of Bone Development: Direct and Mediating Role of Muscle Strength on Bone Properties in Growing Youth. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18063154. [PMID: 33803781 PMCID: PMC8003175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the functional model of bone development in peri-pubertal boys and girls. Specifically, we implemented a mixed-longitudinal design and hierarchical structural models to provide experimental evidence in support of the conceptual functional model of bone development, postulating that the primary mechanical stimulus of bone strength development is muscle force. To this end, we measured radial and tibial bone properties (speed of sound, SOS), isometric grip and knee extensors strength, bone resorption (urinary NTX concentration), body mass index (BMI), somatic maturity (years from peak height velocity) and skeletal maturity (bone age) in 180 children aged 8–16 years. Measurements were repeated 2–4 times over a period of 3 years. The multilevel structural equation modeling of 406 participant-session observations revealed similar results for radial and tibial SOS. Muscle strength (i.e., grip strength for the radial and knee extension for tibial model) and NTX have a significant direct effect on bone SOS (β = 0.29 and −0.18, respectively). Somatic maturity had a direct impact on muscle strength (β = 0.24) and both a direct and indirect effect on bone SOS (total effect, β = 0.30). Physical activity and BMI also had a significant direct impact on bone properties, (β = 0.06 and −0.18, respectively), and an additional significant indirect effect through muscle strength (β = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) with small differences per bone site and sex. Muscle strength fully mediated the impact of bone age (β = 0.14) while there was no significant effect of energy intake on either muscle strength or bone SOS. In conclusion, our results support the functional model of bone development in that muscle strength and bone metabolism directly affect bone development while the contribution of maturity, physical activity, and other modulators such as BMI, on bone development is additionally modulated through their effect on muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella A. Ludwa
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Kevin Mongeon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Malcolm Sanderson
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Luis Gracia Marco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-688-5550 (ext. 4538)
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15
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Fiedler IAK, Elmogazy O, Courtemanche G, Cardoso L, Berteau JP. Bones of teleost fish demonstrate high fracture strain. J Biomech 2021; 120:110341. [PMID: 33743397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The endoskeleton of teleosts (bony fish) includes a vertebral spine with articulating rib bones (RBs) similar to humans and further encompasses mineralized tissues that are not found in mammals, including intermuscular bones (IBs). RBs form through endochondral ossification and protect the inner organs, and IBs form through intramembranous ossification within the myosepta and play a role in force transmission and propulsion during locomotion. Based on previous findings suggesting that IBs show a much higher ability for fracture strain compared to mammalian bones, this study aims to investigate whether this ability is general to teleost bones or specific to IBs. We analyzed RBs and IBs of 25 North Atlantic Herring fish. RBs were analyzed using micro-mechanical tensile testing and micro-computed tomography, and both RB and IB were additionally analyzed with Raman spectroscopy. Based on our previous results from IB, we found that RBs are more elastically deformable (on average, 50% higher yield strain and 115% higher elastic work) and stronger (55% higher fracture stress) than values reported for IBs. However, these differences were neither associated with a higher Young's modulus nor a higher degree of mineralization in RBs. Astonishingly, RBs and IBs showed similar fracture strains (12-15% on average, reaching up to 20%), reflecting a much higher ability for tensile deformation than reported for mammalian bone, and further highlighting the biomimetic potential of teleost fish bones for inspiring innovative biomaterials.
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16
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Arakawa S, Suzuki R, Kurosaka D, Ikeda R, Hayashi H, Kayama T, Ohno RI, Nagai R, Marumo K, Saito M. Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks in human cancellous bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18774. [PMID: 33139851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) deteriorate bone strength. Among over 40 species identified in vivo, AGEs other than pentosidine were roughly estimated as total fluorescent AGEs (tfAGEs) due to technical difficulties. Using LC-QqTOF-MS, we established a system that enabled the quantitation of five AGEs (CML, CEL, MG-H1, CMA and pentosidine) as well as two mature and three immature enzymatic crosslinks. Human bone samples were collected from 149 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Their clinical parameters were collected to investigate parameters that may be predictive of AGE accumulation. All the analytes were quantitated and showed significant linearity with high sensitivity and precision. The results showed that MG-H1 was the most abundant AGE, whereas pentosidine was 1/200–1/20-fold less abundant than the other four AGEs. The AGEs were significantly and strongly correlated with pentosidine, while showing moderate correlation with tfAGEs. Interestingly, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender contributed most to the accumulation of all the AGEs, followed by age, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and HbA1c. Furthermore, the AGEs were negatively correlated with immature crosslinks. Mass spectrometric quantitation of AGEs and enzymatic crosslinks is crucial to a better understanding of ageing- and disease-related deterioration of bone strength.
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17
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Zimmermann EA, Fiedler IAK, Busse B. Breaking new ground in mineralized tissue: Assessing tissue quality in clinical and laboratory studies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104138. [PMID: 33157423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized tissues, such as bone and teeth, have extraordinary mechanical properties of both strength and toughness. This mechanical behavior originates from deformation and fracture resistance mechanisms in their multi-scale structure. The term quality describes the matrix composition, multi-scale structure, remodeling dynamics, water content, and micro-damage accumulation in the tissue. Aging and disease result in changes in the tissue quality that may reduce strength and toughness and lead to elevated fracture risk. Therefore, the capability to measure the quality of mineralized tissues provides critical information on disease progression and mechanical integrity. Here, we provide an overview of clinical and laboratory-based techniques to assess the quality of mineralized tissues in health and disease. Current techniques used in clinical settings include radiography-based (radiographs, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, EOS) and x-ray tomography-based methods (high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography). In the laboratory, tissue quality can be investigated in ex vivo samples with x-ray imaging (micro and nano-computed tomography, x-ray microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning/transmission electron imaging (SEM/STEM), backscattered scanning electron microscopy, Focused Ion Beam-SEM), light microscopy, spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and assessment of mechanical behavior (mechanical testing, fracture mechanics and reference point indentation). It is important for clinicians and basic science researchers to be aware of the techniques available in different types of research. While x-ray imaging techniques translated to the clinic have provided exceptional advancements in patient care, the future challenge will be to incorporate high-resolution laboratory-based bone quality measurements into clinical settings to broaden the depth of information available to clinicians during diagnostics, treatment and management of mineralized tissue pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imke A K Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Lefevre E, Baron C, Gineyts E, Bala Y, Gharbi H, Allain JM, Lasaygues P, Pithioux M, Follet H. Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15698. [PMID: 32973276 PMCID: PMC7518273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile bone growth is well described (physiological and anatomical) but there are still lacks of knowledge on intrinsic material properties. Our group has already published, on different samples, several studies on the assessment of intrinsic material properties of juvenile bone compared to material properties of adult bone. The purpose of this study was finally to combine different experimental modalities available (ultrasonic measurement, micro-Computed Tomography analysis, mechanical compression tests and biochemical measurements) applied on small cubic bone samples in order to gain insight into the multiparametric evaluation of bone quality. Differences were found between juvenile and adult groups in term of architectural parameters (Porosity Separation), Tissue Mineral Density (TMD), diagonal stiffness coefficients (C33, C44, C55, C66) and ratio between immature and mature cross-links (CX). Diagonal stiffness coefficients are more representative of the microstructural and biochemical parameters of child bone than of adult bone. We also found that compression modulus E was highly correlated with several microstructure parameters and CX in children group while it was not at all correlated in the adult group. Similar results were found for the CX which was linked to several microstructure parameters (TMD and E) only in the juvenile group. To our knowledge, this is the first time that, on a same sample, ultrasonic measurements have been combined with the assessment of mechanical and biochemical properties. It appears that ultrasonic measurements can provide relevant indicators of child bone quality (microstructural and biochemical parameters) which is promising for clinical application since, B-mode ultrasound is the preferred first-line modality over other more constraining imaging modalities (radiation, parent–child accessibility and access to the patient's bed) for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lefevre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Gineyts
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA Lyon, Campus LyonTech la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hakim Gharbi
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique,CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Marc Allain
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique,CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.,Inria, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France.
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19
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Gauthier R, Follet H, Langer M, Peyrin F, Mitton D. What is the influence of two strain rates on the relationship between human cortical bone toughness and micro-structure? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:247-254. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411919884776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cortical bone fracture mechanisms are well studied under quasi-static loading. The influence of strain rate on crack propagation mechanisms needs to be better understood, however. We have previously shown that several aspects of the bone micro-structure are involved in crack propagation, such as the complete porosity network, including the Haversian system and the lacunar network, as well as biochemical aspects, such as the maturity of collagen cross-links. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of strain rate on the toughness of human cortical bone with respect to its microstructure and organic non-collagenous composition. Two strain rates will be considered: quasi-static loading (10−4 s−1), a standard condition, and a higher loading rate (10−1 s−1), representative of a fall. Cortical bone samples were extracted from eight female donors (age 50–91 years). Three-point bending tests were performed until failure. Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography imaging was performed to assess bone microstructure including the Haversian system and the lacunar system. Collagen enzymatic cross-link maturation was measured using a high performance liquid chromatography column. Results showed that that under quasi-static loading, the elastic contribution of the fracture process is correlated to both the collagen cross-links maturation and the microstructure, while the plastic contribution is correlated only to the porosity network. Under fall-like loading, bone organization appears to be less linked to crack propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Gauthier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - David Mitton
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France
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20
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Lefèvre E, Farlay D, Bala Y, Subtil F, Wolfram U, Rizzo S, Baron C, Zysset P, Pithioux M, Follet H. Compositional and mechanical properties of growing cortical bone tissue: a study of the human fibula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17629. [PMID: 31772277 PMCID: PMC6879611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cortical bone contains two types of tissue: osteonal and interstitial tissue. Growing bone is not well-known in terms of its intrinsic material properties. To date, distinctions between the mechanical properties of osteonal and interstitial regions have not been investigated in juvenile bone and compared to adult bone in a combined dataset. In this work, cortical bone samples obtained from fibulae of 13 juveniles patients (4 to 18 years old) during corrective surgery and from 17 adult donors (50 to 95 years old) were analyzed. Microindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, quantitative microradiography was used to measure the degree of bone mineralization (DMB), and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the physicochemical modifications of bone composition (organic versus mineral matrix). Juvenile and adult osteonal and interstitial regions were analyzed for DMB, crystallinity, mineral to organic matrix ratio, mineral maturity, collagen maturity, carbonation, indentation modulus, indicators of yield strain and tissue ductility using a mixed model. We found that the intrinsic properties of the juvenile bone were not all inferior to those of the adult bone. Mechanical properties were also differently explained in juvenile and adult groups. The study shows that different intrinsic properties should be used in case of juvenile bone investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lefèvre
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Farlay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA Lyon, Campus LyonTech la Doua, F69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe Biostatistique Santé - LBBE, F69003, Lyon, France
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Rizzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for biomedical engineering research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France.
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21
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Yang PF, Nie XT, Wang Z, Al-Qudsy LHH, Ren L, Xu HY, Rittweger J, Shang P. Disuse Impairs the Mechanical Competence of Bone by Regulating the Characterizations of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils in Cortical Bone. Front Physiol 2019; 10:775. [PMID: 31293444 PMCID: PMC6598106 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones are made of complex material comprising organic components and mineral hydroxyapatite, both of which formulate the unique hierarchical structure of bone and its mechanical properties. Bones are capable of optimizing their structure and mechanical properties according to the mechanical environment. Mineral loss is a well-known consequence of skeleton disuse. By contrast, the response of the non-mineral phase of bone, i.e., the collagen network, during disuse remain largely unknown. In this study, a tail-suspension mice model was used to induce bone loss. Atomic force microscopy-based imaging and indentation approaches were adopted to investigate the influence of disuse on the morphology and in situ mechanical behavior of the collagen fibrils, under both non-loaded and load-bearing conditions, in the cortical tibia of mice. The results indicate that disuse induced by hindlimb unloading did not alter the orientation and D-periodic spacing of the collagen fibril, but results in decreased collagen crosslinking which correlates with decreased elasticity and increased susceptibility to mechanical damage. More concretely, the collagen fibrils in the disused tibia were misaligned under mechanical loading. It therefore indicates that the disordered arrangement of the mineralized collagen fibrils is one of the characteristics of the weakened bone during elastic deformation. These findings reveals the unique adaptation regimes of the collagen fibrils in the cortical bone to disuse, as well as the deformation mechanisms of bone in the relevant pathological process at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Nie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Luban Hamdy Hameed Al-Qudsy
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Yun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Division of Muscle & Bone Metabolism, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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22
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Meng Y, Untaroiu CD. A Review of Pediatric Lower Extremity Data for Pedestrian Numerical Modeling: Injury Epidemiology, Anatomy, Anthropometry, Structural, and Mechanical Properties. Appl Bionics Biomech 2018; 2018:6271898. [PMID: 30254693 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6271898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedestrian injuries are the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury-related death among children aged 1 to 19. The lower extremity represents the most frequently injured body region in car-to-pedestrian accidents. The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the data related to pedestrian lower extremity injuries, anatomy, anthropometry, structural, and mechanical properties, which can be used in the development of new pediatric computational models. The study began with a review of epidemiologic data related to pediatric pedestrian accidents. Anatomy of the child lower extremity and age-related anthropometry data were presented as well. Then, both the mechanical and structural properties of the lower extremity main components (e.g., bones, cartilages, knee ligaments, muscles, tendons, and growth plates) available in literature were summarized. The study concluded with a brief description of current child pedestrian models, which included a discussion about their limitations. We believe that data included in this review study can help in improving the biofidelity of current child models and support the development and validation of new child models used by safety researchers for protection of pediatric population.
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23
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Gauthier R, Follet H, Langer M, Gineyts E, Rongiéras F, Peyrin F, Mitton D. Relationships between human cortical bone toughness and collagen cross-links on paired anatomical locations. Bone 2018; 112:202-211. [PMID: 29730278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human cortical bone fracture processes depend on the internal porosity network down to the lacunar length scale. Recent results show that at the collagen scale, the maturation of collagen cross-links may have a negative influence on bone mechanical behavior. While the effect of pentosidine on human cortical bone toughness has been studied, the influence of mature and immature enzymatic cross-links has only been studied in relation to strength and work of fracture. Moreover, these relationships have not been studied on different paired anatomical locations. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the relationships between both enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen cross-links and human cortical bone toughness, on four human paired anatomical locations. Single Edge Notched Bending toughness tests were performed for two loading conditions: a quasi-static standard condition, and a condition representative of a fall. These tests were done with 32 paired femoral diaphyses, femoral necks and radial diaphyses (18 women, age 81 ± 12 y.o.; 14 men, age 79 ± 8 y.o.). Collagen enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks were measured on the same bones. Maturation of collagen was defined as the ratio between immature and mature cross-links (CX). The results show that there was a significant correlation between collagen cross-link maturation and bone toughness when gathering femoral and radial diaphyses, but not when considering each anatomical location individually. These results show that the influence of collagen enzymatic and non-enzymatic cross-links is minor when considering human cortical bone crack propagation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Gauthier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Creatis, F69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008 Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Creatis, F69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Gineyts
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Rongiéras
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France; Service Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, Hôpital Desgenettes, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Creatis, F69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - David Mitton
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France.
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Chekroun A, Pujo-Menjouet L, Berteau JP. A Novel Multiscale Mathematical Model for Building Bone Substitute Materials for Children. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1045. [PMID: 29925773 PMCID: PMC6025631 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an engineering marvel that achieves a unique combination of stiffness and toughness exceeding that of synthesized materials. In orthopedics, we are currently challenged for the child population that needs a less stiff but a tougher bone substitute than adults. Recent evidence suggests that the relationship between inter-molecular connections that involve the two main bone building blocks, TropoCollagen molecules (TC) and carbonated Hydroxyapatite (cAp), and bone macroscopic mechanical properties, stiffness and toughness, are key to building bone substitute materials for children. The goal of our study is to establish how inter-molecular connections that occur during bone mineralization are related to macroscopic mechanical properties in child bones. Our aim is to link the biological alterations of the TC-cAp self assembly process happening during bone mineralization to the bone macroscopic mechanical properties' alterations during aging. To do so, we have developed a multiscale mathematical model that includes collagen cross links (TC⁻TC interface) from experimental studies of bone samples to forecast bone macroscopic mechanical properties. Our results support that the Young's modulus cannot be a linear parameter if we want to solve our system. In relation to bone substitute material with innovative properties for children, our results propose values of several biological parameters, such as the number of crystals and their size, and collagen crosslink maturity for the desired bone mechanical competence. Our novel mathematical model combines mineralization and macroscopic mechanical behavior of bone and is a step forward in building mechanically customized biomimetic bone grafts that would fit children's orthopedic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdennasser Chekroun
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Non Linéaire et Mathématiques Appliquées, University of Tlemcen, Chetouane 13000, Algeria.
| | - Laurent Pujo-Menjouet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; Inria Team Dracula, Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes Center, 69100 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York, NY 10314, USA.
- New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advance Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While thinning of the cortices or trabeculae weakens bone, age-related changes in matrix composition also lower fracture resistance. This review summarizes how the organic matrix, mineral phase, and water compartments influence the mechanical behavior of bone, thereby identifying characteristics important to fracture risk. RECENT FINDINGS In the synthesis of the organic matrix, tropocollagen experiences various post-translational modifications that facilitate a highly organized fibril of collagen I with a preferred orientation giving bone extensibility and several toughening mechanisms. Being a ceramic, mineral is brittle but increases the strength of bone as its content within the organic matrix increases. With time, hydroxyapatite-like crystals experience carbonate substitutions, the consequence of which remains to be understood. Water participates in hydrogen bonding with organic matrix and in electrostatic attractions with mineral phase, thereby providing stability to collagen-mineral interface and ductility to bone. Clinical tools sensitive to age- and disease-related changes in matrix composition that the affect mechanical behavior of bone could potentially improve fracture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amy Creecy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Orthopedic Institute, Medical Center East, South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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26
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Rabelo GD, Roux JP, Portero-Muzy N, Gineyts E, Chapurlat R, Chavassieux P. Cortical Fractal Analysis and Collagen Crosslinks Content in Femoral Neck After Osteoporotic Fracture in Postmenopausal Women: Comparison with Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:644-650. [PMID: 29249023 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The femoral neck (FN) has been previously characterized by thinner cortices in osteoporotic fracture (HF) when compared to hip osteoarthritis (HOA). The purposes of this study were to complete the previous investigations on FNs from HF and HOA by analyzing the complexity of the cortical structure and to approach the intrinsic properties of cortical bone by assessing the collagen crosslink contents. FN samples were obtained during arthroplasty in 35 postmenopausal women (HF; n = 17; mean age 79 ± 2 years; HOA; n = 18; mean age 66 ± 2 years). The cortical fractal dimension (Ct.FD) and lacunarity (Ct.Lac) derived from high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography (isotropic voxel size: 82 μm) images of FN by using Ctan software and Fraclac running in ImageJ were analyzed. The collagen crosslinks content [pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, pentosidine (PEN)] were assessed in cortical bone. Ct.FD was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in HF than HOA reflecting a decreased complexity and was correlated to the age and BMD. In two sub-groups, BMD- and age-matched, respectively, Ct.FD remained significantly lower in HF than HOA (p < 0.001). Ct.Lac was not different between HF and HOA. PEN content was two times higher in HF than HOA (p < 0.0001) independently of age. In conclusion, FN with HF was characterized by a less complex cortical texture and higher PEN content than HOA. In addition to the decreased bone mass and BMD previously reported, these modifications contribute to the lower bone quality in HF than HOA in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pascale Chavassieux
- INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- INSERM UMR 1033, UFR de Médecine Lyon-Est, Domaine Laennec, 7-11, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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27
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Depalle B, Duarte AG, Fiedler IAK, Pujo-Menjouet L, Buehler MJ, Berteau JP. The different distribution of enzymatic collagen cross-links found in adult and children bone result in different mechanical behavior of collagen. Bone 2018; 110:107-114. [PMID: 29414596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic collagen cross-linking has been shown to play an important role in the macroscopic elastic and plastic deformation of bone across ages. However, its direct contribution to collagen fibril deformation is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine how covalent intermolecular connections from enzymatic collagen cross-links contribute to collagen fibril elastic and plastic deformation of adults and children's bone matrix. We used ex vivo data previously obtained from biochemical analysis of children and adults bone samples (n = 14; n = 8, respectively) to create 22 sample-specific computational models of cross-linked collagen fibrils. By simulating a tensile test for each fibril, we computed the modulus of elasticity (E), ultimate tensile and yield stress (σu and σy), and elastic, plastic and total work (We, Wp and Wtot) for each collagen fibril. We present a novel difference between children and adult bone in the deformation of the collagen phase and suggest a link between collagen fibril scale and macroscale for elastic behavior in children bone under the influence of immature enzymatic cross-links. We show a parametric linear correlation between We and immature enzymatic collagen cross-links at the collagen fibril scale in the children population that is similar to the one we found at the macroscale in our previous study. Finally, we suggest the key role of covalent intermolecular connections to stiffness parameters (e.g. elastic modulus and We) in children's collagen fibril and to toughness parameters in adult's collagen fibril, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Depalle
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Andre G Duarte
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, USA
| | | | | | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Berteau
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, USA; New York Center for Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, USA.
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28
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Yang P, Nie X, Zhao D, Wang Z, Ren L, Xu H, Rittweger J, Shang P. Deformation regimes of collagen fibrils in cortical bone revealed by in situ morphology and elastic modulus observations under mechanical loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Cho SM, Kim HG, Yoon SH, Chang KH, Park MS, Park YH, Choi MS. Reappraisal of Neonatal Greenstick Skull Fractures Caused by Birth Injuries: Comparison of 3-Dimensional Reconstructed Computed Tomography and Simple Skull Radiographs. World Neurosurg 2018; 109:e305-e312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Vilayphiou N, Boutroy S, Sornay-Rendu E, Van Rietbergen B, Chapurlat R. Age-related changes in bone strength from HR-pQCT derived microarchitectural parameters with an emphasis on the role of cortical porosity. Bone 2016; 83:233-240. [PMID: 26525593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The high resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) technique has seen recent developments with regard to the assessment of cortical porosity. In this study, we investigated the role of cortical porosity on bone strength in a large cohort of women. The distal radius and distal tibia were scanned by HR-pQCT. We assessed bone strength by estimating the failure load by microfinite element analysis (μFEA), with isotropic and homogeneous material properties. We built a multivariate model to predict it, using a few microarchitecture variables including cortical porosity. Among 857 Caucasian women analyzed with μFEA, we found that cortical and trabecular properties, along with the failure load, impaired slightly with advancing age in premenopausal women, the correlations with age being modest, with |rage| ranging from 0.14 to 0.38. After the onset of the menopause, those relationships with age were stronger for most parameters at both sites, with |rage| ranging from 0.10 to 0.64, notably for cortical porosity and failure load, which were markedly deteriorated with increasing age. Our multivariate model using microarchitecture parameters revealed that cortical porosity played a significant role in bone strength prediction, with semipartial r(2)=0.22 only at the tibia in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, in our large cohort of women, we observed a small decline of bone strength at the tibia before the onset of menopause. We also found an age-related increase of cortical porosity at both scanned sites in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, the relatively high increase of cortical porosity accounted for the decline in bone strength only at the tibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vilayphiou
- INSERM Research Unit 1033, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Scanco Medical AG, Bruttisellen, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Bert Van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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31
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Depalle B, Qin Z, Shefelbine SJ, Buehler MJ. Large Deformation Mechanisms, Plasticity, and Failure of an Individual Collagen Fibril With Different Mineral Content. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:380-90. [PMID: 26866939 PMCID: PMC4915725 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen fibrils are composed of tropocollagen molecules and mineral crystals derived from hydroxyapatite to form a composite material that combines optimal properties of both constituents and exhibits incredible strength and toughness. Their complex hierarchical structure allows collagen fibrils to sustain large deformation without breaking. In this study, we report a mesoscale model of a single mineralized collagen fibril using a bottom-up approach. By conserving the three-dimensional structure and the entanglement of the molecules, we were able to construct finite-size fibril models that allowed us to explore the deformation mechanisms which govern their mechanical behavior under large deformation. We investigated the tensile behavior of a single collagen fibril with various intrafibrillar mineral content and found that a mineralized collagen fibril can present up to five different deformation mechanisms to dissipate energy. These mechanisms include molecular uncoiling, molecular stretching, mineral/collagen sliding, molecular slippage, and crystal dissociation. By multiplying its sources of energy dissipation and deformation mechanisms, a collagen fibril can reach impressive strength and toughness. Adding mineral into the collagen fibril can increase its strength up to 10 times and its toughness up to 35 times. Combining crosslinks with mineral makes the fibril stiffer but more brittle. We also found that a mineralized fibril reaches its maximum toughness to density and strength to density ratios for a mineral density of around 30%. This result, in good agreement with experimental observations, attests that bone tissue is optimized mechanically to remain lightweight but maintain strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Depalle
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhao Qin
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sandra J Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Computational Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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