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He M, Wang D, Li H, Sun M, Yan P, Zhang Y, Li L, Yu D, Wang X, Hu Y. Value of CT-based radiomics in evaluating the response of bone metastases to systemic drug therapy in breast cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:361-368. [PMID: 38155425 PMCID: PMC10864122 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the value of nonenhanced computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics in determining disease progression in breast cancer patients with bone marrow metastases and to develop a model for assessing treatment efficacy. METHODS A total of 134 breast cancer patients with bone metastases were enrolled from three hospitals. Nonenhanced CT was performed after two cycles of drug treatment. The images were categorized into an invalid and a valid group according to disease progression status. The largest osteolytic lesions' maximum cross-sections in the CT images were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for feature extraction. Variance threshold, SelectKBest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to reduce feature dimensionality. K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and decision tree (DT) algorithms were trained to establish radiomics models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the models. RESULTS The KNN classifier demonstrated the best performance compared to the random grouping method. In the validation group, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.810. In the cross-validation method, the RF classifier showed the best performance with an AUC of 0.84. CONCLUSION Nonenhanced CT-based radiomics provides a promising method for evaluating the efficacy of systemic drug therapy in breast cancer patients with osteolytic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Huijie Li
- Department of OncologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of OncologyJinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of OncologyCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of OncologyJinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of OncologyCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yongyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical AffairsQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Medical OncologyQilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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Nano-hydroxyapatite radiolabeled with radium dichloride [ 223Ra] RaCl 2 for bone cancer targeted alpha therapy: In vitro assay and radiation effect on the nanostructure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 223:113174. [PMID: 36746067 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of targeted alpha therapy (TAT) for bone cancer is increasing each year. Among the alpha radionuclides, radium [223Ra]Ra+2 is the first one approved for bone cancer metastasis therapy. The development of novel radiopharmaceutical based on [223Ra]Ra+2 is essential to continuously increase the arsenal of new TAT drugs. In this study we have developed, characterized, and in vitro evaluated [223Ra] Ra-nano-hydroxyapatite. The results showed that [223Ra] Ra-nano-hydroxyapatite has a dose-response relationship for osteosarcoma cells and a safety profile for human fibroblast cells, corroborating the application as a radiopharmaceutical.
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Cheng X, Wei J, Ge Q, Xing D, Zhou X, Qian Y, Jiang G. The optimized drug delivery systems of treating cancer bone metastatic osteolysis with nanomaterials. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:37-53. [PMID: 33336610 PMCID: PMC7751395 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1856225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cancers such as human breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer easily metastasize to bone, leading to osteolysis and bone destruction accompanied by a complicated microenvironment. Systemic administration of bisphosphonates (BP) or denosumab is the routine therapy for osteolysis but with non-negligible side effects such as mandibular osteonecrosis and hypocalcemia. Thus, it is imperative to exploit optimized drug delivery systems, and some novel nanotechnology and nanomaterials have opened new horizons for scientists. Targeted and local drug delivery systems can optimize biodistribution depending on nanoparticles (NPs) or microspheres (MS) and implantable biomaterials with the controllable property. Drug delivery kinetics can be optimized by smart and sustained/local drug delivery systems for responsive delivery and sustained delivery. These delicately fabricated drug delivery systems with special matrix, structure, morphology, and modification can minimize unexpected toxicity caused by systemic delivery and achieve desired effects through integrating multiple drugs or multiple functions. This review summarized recent studies about optimized drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer metastatic osteolysis, aimed at giving some inspiration in designing efficient multifunctional drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wei
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Danlei Xing
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhu Qian
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Irelli A, Sirufo MM, Scipioni T, De Pietro F, Pancotti A, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. mTOR Links Tumor Immunity and Bone Metabolism: What are the Clinical Implications? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235841. [PMID: 31766386 PMCID: PMC6928935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a crucial role in the control of cellular growth, proliferation, survival, metabolism, angiogenesis, transcription, and translation. In most human cancers, alterations to this pathway are common and cause activation of other downstream signaling pathways linked with oncogenesis. The mTOR pathway modulates the interactions between the stroma and the tumor, thereby affecting both tumor immunity and angiogenesis. Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, playing a central role in the tumor dynamics, and immune cells can exert antitumor functions or promote the growth of cancer cells. In this context, mTOR may regulate the activity of macrophages and T cells by regulating the expression of cytokines/chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and/or membrane receptors, such as cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Death 1 (PD-1). Furthermore, inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin are demonstrated to actively modulate osteoclastogenesis, exert antiapoptotic and pro-differentiative activities in osteoclasts, and reduce the number of lytic bone metastases, increasing bone mass in tumor-bearing mice. With regard to the many actions in which mTOR is involved, the aim of this review is to describe its role in the immune system and bone metabolism in an attempt to identify the best strategy for therapeutic opportunities in the metastatic phase of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Irelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.I.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Teresa Scipioni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.I.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca De Pietro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Amedeo Pancotti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.I.); (T.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (F.D.P.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the diagnosis and treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-6142-9548; Fax: +39-08-6121-1395
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Trinh TA, Park EJ, Lee D, Song JH, Lee HL, Kim KH, Kim Y, Jung K, Kang KS, Yoo JE. Estrogenic Activity of Sanguiin H-6 through Activation of Estrogen Receptor α Coactivator-binding Site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2019.25.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuy An Trinh
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-869, Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-869, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | | | - Kiwon Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Sungnam 13844, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-869, Korea
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Nishida H. Bone-targeted agents in multiple myeloma. Hematol Rep 2018; 10:7401. [PMID: 29721251 PMCID: PMC5907643 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2018.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease, characterized by bone pain, increased risk of pathologic fractures, tumor-induced hypercalcemia known as skeletal-related events (SREs), is a frequent complication of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and persists even in the absence of active disease, resulting in a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The interaction between myeloma cells and their surrounding cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment promotes both myeloma cell growth and bone destruction and forms the vicious cycle of MM bone disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting the interaction between myeloma cells and cellular components including osteoclasts (OCs), stromal cells and osteoblasts (OBs) in the BM is crucial not only to attain tumor regression but also to prevent or delay the incidence of SREs, which leads to improve survival and quality of life in affected patients. Recently, several novel targets which act on components of the cycle for treating MM-associated bone disease have been identified in addition to current treatments including nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. This review focuses on the overview of pathophysiology in MM-associated bone disease and summarizes its current clinical management. Several novel bone-targeted agents in preclinical setting will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nishida
- Department of Pathology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Cai WL, Huang WD, Li B, Chen TR, Li ZX, Zhao CL, Li HY, Wu YM, Yan WJ, Xiao JR. microRNA-124 inhibits bone metastasis of breast cancer by repressing Interleukin-11. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:9. [PMID: 29343249 PMCID: PMC5773190 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with breast cancer in advanced stages of the disease suffer from bone metastases which lead to fractures and nerve compression syndromes. microRNA dysregulation is an important event in the metastases of breast cancer to bone. microRNA-124 (miR-124) has been proved to inhibit cancer progression, whereas its effect on bone metastases of breast cancer has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-124 in bone metastases of breast cancer. Methods In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to detect the expression of miR-124 in breast cancer tissues and bone metastatic tissues. Ventricle injection model was constructed to explore the effect of miR-124 on bone metastasis in vivo. The function of cancer cell derived miR-124 in the differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells was verified in vitro. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm Interleukin-11 (IL-11) as a miR-124 target. The involvement of miR-124/IL-11 in the prognosis of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Herein, we found that miR-124 was significantly reduced in metastatic bone tissues from breast cancers. Down-regulation of miR-124 was associated with aggressive clinical characteristics and shorter bone metastasis-free survival and overall survival. Restoration of miR-124 suppressed, while inhibition of miR-124 promoted the bone metastasis of breast cancer cells in vivo. At the cellular level, gain of function and loss-of function assays indicated that cancer cell-derived miR-124 inhibited the survival and differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that IL-11 partially mediated osteoclastogenesis suppression by miR-124 using in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, IL-11 levels were inversely correlated with miR-124, and up-regulation IL-11 in bone metastases was associated with a poor prognosis. Conclusions Thus, the identification of a dysregulated miR-124/IL-11 axis helps elucidate mechanisms of breast cancer metastases to bone, uncovers new prognostic markers, and facilitates the development of novel therapeutic targets to treat and even prevent bone metastases of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0746-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Luo Cai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ding Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Rui Chen
- Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Xi Li
- Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhao
- Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Yu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wang-Jun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ru Xiao
- Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng Yang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Browne AJ, Kubasch ML, Göbel A, Hadji P, Chen D, Rauner M, Stölzel F, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. Concurrent antitumor and bone-protective effects of everolimus in osteotropic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:92. [PMID: 28793923 PMCID: PMC5551016 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus is approved as an antitumor agent in advanced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Surrogate bone marker data from clinical trials suggest effects on bone metabolism, but the mode of action of everolimus in bone biology remains unclear. In this study, we assessed potential bone-protective effects of everolimus in the context of osteotropic tumors. Methods The effects of everolimus on cancer cell viability in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo were assessed. Everolimus-regulated osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis were also assessed in vitro before we assessed the bone-protective effect of everolimus in a model where bone loss was induced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Finally, the role of everolimus in the progression of osteolytic bone disease was assessed in an intracardiac model of breast cancer bone metastases. Results At low concentrations (1 nM) in vitro, everolimus reduced the viability of human and murine cancer cell lines and impaired the osteoclastogenesis of osteoclast progenitors as assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and counting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinucleated osteoclasts (p < 0.001). Everolimus had little or no deleterious effect on osteoblastogenesis in vitro, with concentrations of 1 and 10 nM increasing the messenger RNA expression of osteoblast marker genes (p ≤ 0.05) and leaving mineralization in differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells unchanged. Everolimus treatment (1 mg/kg body weight/day) prevented the bone loss observed in OVX mice and concurrently inhibited the metastatic growth of MDA-MB-231 cells by 70% (p < 0.002) while preserving bone mass in an intracardiac model of bone metastasis. Conclusions These results underline the antitumor effects of everolimus and highlight its bone-protective efficacy, warranting further research on the potential implications on bone health in populations prone to osteoporosis and bone metastases, such as postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0885-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Browne
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie L Kubasch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peyman Hadji
- Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine I, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Longitudinal Computed Tomography Monitoring of Pelvic Bones in Patients With Breast Cancer Using Automated Bone Subtraction Software. Invest Radiol 2017; 52:288-294. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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