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Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Filippova TA, Tumilovich AM, Strushkevich NV, Gilep AA, Khudoklinova YY, Shumyantseva VV. Bielectrode Strategy for Determination of CYP2E1 Catalytic Activity: Electrodes with Bactosomes and Voltammetric Determination of 6-Hydroxychlorzoxazone. Biomedicines 2024; 12:152. [PMID: 38255257 PMCID: PMC10812958 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe a bielectrode system for evaluation of the electrocatalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) towards chlorzoxazone. One electrode of the system was employed to immobilize Bactosomes with human CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), and cytochrome b5 (cyt b5). The second electrode was used to quantify CYP2E1-produced 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone by its direct electrochemical oxidation, registered using square-wave voltammetry. Using this system, we determined the steady-state kinetic parameters of chlorzoxazone hydroxylation by CYP2E1 of Bactosomes immobilized on the electrode: the maximal reaction rate (Vmax) was 1.64 ± 0.08 min-1, and the Michaelis constant (KM) was 78 ± 9 μM. We studied the electrochemical characteristics of immobilized Bactosomes and have revealed that electron transfer from the electrode occurs both to the flavin prosthetic groups of CPR and the heme iron ions of CYP2E1 and cyt b5. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that CPR has the capacity to activate CYP2E1 electrocatalytic activity towards chlorzoxazone, likely through intermolecular electron transfer from the electrochemically reduced form of CPR to the CYP2E1 heme iron ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Rami A. Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana A. Filippova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya M. Tumilovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Natallia V. Strushkevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Andrei A. Gilep
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220084 Minsk, Belarus; (A.M.T.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Yulia Yu. Khudoklinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria V. Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (R.A.M.); (T.A.F.); (A.A.G.); (V.V.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1, Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
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Kilic NM, Singh S, Keles G, Cinti S, Kurbanoglu S, Odaci D. Novel Approaches to Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Nanobiosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:622. [PMID: 37366987 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry is a genuinely interdisciplinary science that may be used in various physical, chemical, and biological domains. Moreover, using biosensors to quantify biological or biochemical processes is critical in medical, biological, and biotechnological applications. Nowadays, there are several electrochemical biosensors for various healthcare applications, such as for the determination of glucose, lactate, catecholamines, nucleic acid, uric acid, and so on. Enzyme-based analytical techniques rely on detecting the co-substrate or, more precisely, the products of a catalyzed reaction. The glucose oxidase enzyme is generally used in enzyme-based biosensors to measure glucose in tears, blood, etc. Moreover, among all nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials have generally been utilized thanks to the unique properties of carbon. The sensitivity can be up to pM levels using enzyme-based nanobiosensor, and these sensors are very selective, as all enzymes are specific for their substrates. Furthermore, enzyme-based biosensors frequently have fast reaction times, allowing for real-time monitoring and analyses. These biosensors, however, have several drawbacks. Changes in temperature, pH, and other environmental factors can influence the stability and activity of the enzymes, affecting the reliability and repeatability of the readings. Additionally, the cost of the enzymes and their immobilization onto appropriate transducer surfaces might be prohibitively expensive, impeding the large-scale commercialization and widespread use of biosensors. This review discusses the design, detection, and immobilization techniques for enzyme-based electrochemical nanobiosensors, and recent applications in enzyme-based electrochemical studies are evaluated and tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Melis Kilic
- Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Turkey
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gulsu Keles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci
- Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Turkey
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