1
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Rahman MM, Wang J, Wang G, Su Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Meng J, Yao Y, Wang L, Wilkens S, Tan J, Luo J, Zhang T, Zhu C, Cho SH, Wang L, Lee LP, Wan Y. Chimeric nanobody-decorated liposomes by self-assembly. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01620-6. [PMID: 38374413 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes as drug vehicles have advantages, such as payload protection, tunable carrying capacity and improved biodistribution. However, due to the dysfunction of targeting moieties and payload loss during preparation, immunoliposomes have yet to be favoured in commercial manufacturing. Here we report a chemical modification-free biophysical approach for producing immunoliposomes in one step through the self-assembly of a chimeric nanobody (cNB) into liposome bilayers. cNB consists of a nanobody against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a flexible peptide linker and a hydrophobic single transmembrane domain. We determined that 64% of therapeutic compounds can be encapsulated into 100-nm liposomes, and up to 2,500 cNBs can be anchored on liposomal membranes without steric hindrance under facile conditions. Subsequently, we demonstrate that drug-loaded immunoliposomes increase cytotoxicity on HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines by 10- to 20-fold, inhibit the growth of xenograft tumours by 3.4-fold and improve survival by more than twofold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mofizur Rahman
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yizeng Li
- Biophysics and Mathematical Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yundi Chen
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Jinguo Meng
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lefei Wang
- Nanjing Regenecore Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jifu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, USA
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, USA
| | - Chuandong Zhu
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lixue Wang
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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2
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Sardar A, Bera T, Kumar Samal S, Dewangan N, Kamble M, Guha S, Tarafdar PK. C-Terminal Lipidation of SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide Reinstates Superior Membrane Fusion Catalytic Ability. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203034. [PMID: 36422064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediates a critical stage in infection, the fusion between viral and host membranes. The protein is categorized as a class I viral fusion protein and has two distinct cleavage sites that can be activated by proteases. The activation deploys the fusion peptide (FP) for insertion into the target cell membranes. Recent studies including our experiments showed that the FP was unable to modulate the kinetics of fusion at a low peptide-to-lipid ratio akin to the spike density at the viral surface. Therefore, we modified the C terminus of FP and attached a myristoyl chain (C-myr-FP) to restrict the C terminus near to the interface, bridge both membranes, and increase the effective local concentration. The lipidated FP (C-myr-FP) of SARS-CoV-2 greatly accelerates membrane fusion at a low peptide-to-lipid ratio as compared to the FP with no lipidation. Biophysical experiments suggest that C-myr-FP adopts a helical structure, perturbs the membrane interface, and increases water penetration to catalyze fusion. Scrambled peptide (C-myr-sFP) and truncated peptide (C-myr-8FP) could not significantly catalyze the fusion, thus suggesting the important role of myristoylation and the N terminus. C-myr-FP enhances murine coronavirus infection by promoting syncytia formation in L2 cells. The C-terminal lipidation of the FP might be a useful strategy to induce artificial fusion in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Samal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Nikesh Dewangan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Mithila Kamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
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3
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Joardar A, Pandia S, Chakraborty H. Effect of polyunsaturated free fatty acids on the membrane fusion mechanism. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:733-742. [PMID: 36617878 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is one of the important processes for the survival of eukaryotic cells and the entry of enveloped viruses into the host cells. Lipid composition plays a crucial role by modulating the organization and dynamics of the membrane, as well as the structure and conformation of membrane proteins. The diversity of the lipid acyl chain in its length and degree of unsaturation originates from the variation in free fatty acids (FFAs). We have studied the effect of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (ALA) acids on the depth-dependent organization, dynamics, and fusion of DOPC/DOPE (70/30 mol%) membranes utilizing steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Our results suggest that membranes with 5 mol% LA stabilize the stalk-intermediate and promote lipid mixing at the early stage of the process, i.e., the fusion follows the classical stalk model. Conversely, the extents of lipid and content mixing at the stalk intermediate are similar in the presence of 5 mol% of ALA, indicating the fusion mechanism as a nonclassical one like in the DOPC/DOPE (70/30 mol%) membranes. Our results provide an in-depth insight into the effect of the increasing degree of fatty acid tail unsaturation on membrane organization and dynamics and their impact on the membrane fusion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Joardar
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
| | - Swaratmika Pandia
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
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4
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Sim JR, Shin DH, Park PG, Park SH, Bae JY, Lee Y, Kang DY, Kim YJ, Aum S, Noh SH, Hwang SJ, Cha HR, Kim CB, Ko SH, Park S, Jeon D, Cho S, Lee GE, Kim J, Moon YH, Kim JO, Nam JS, Kim CH, Moon S, Chung YW, Park MS, Ryu JH, Namkung W, Lee JM, Lee MG. Amelioration of SARS-CoV-2 infection by ANO6 phospholipid scramblase inhibition. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111117. [PMID: 35839776 PMCID: PMC9250890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As an enveloped virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delivers its viral genome into host cells via fusion of the viral and cell membranes. Here, we show that ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry and that ANO6-selective inhibitors are effective against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Application of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped virus (SARS2-PsV) evokes a cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and ANO6-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive mammalian cells. A high-throughput screening of drug-like chemical libraries identifies three different structural classes of chemicals showing ANO6 inhibitory effects. Among them, A6-001 displays the highest potency and ANO6 selectivity and it inhibits the single-round infection of SARS2-PsV in ACE2/TMPRSS2-positive HEK 293T cells. More importantly, A6-001 strongly inhibits authentic SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphatidylserine scrambling and SARS-CoV-2 viral replications in Vero, Calu-3, and primarily cultured human nasal epithelial cells. These results provide mechanistic insights into the viral entry process and offer a potential target for pharmacological intervention to protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ri Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Pil-Gu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dha-Yei Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sowon Aum
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Shin Hye Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Su Jin Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Cheong Bi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Si Hwan Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongkyu Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Gee Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hye Moon
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Youn Wook Chung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea.
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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5
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Sardar A, Dewangan N, Panda B, Bhowmick D, Tarafdar PK. Lipid and Lipidation in Membrane Fusion. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:691-703. [PMID: 36102950 PMCID: PMC9472184 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion plays a lead role in the transport of vesicles, neurotransmission, mitochondrial dynamics, and viral infection. There are fusion proteins that catalyze and regulate the fusion. Interestingly, various types of fusion proteins are present in nature and they possess diverse mechanisms of action. We have highlighted the importance of the functional domains of intracellular heterotypic fusion, homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), homotypic mitochondrial, and type-I viral fusion. During intracellular heterotypic fusion, the SNAREs and four-helix bundle formation are prevalent. Type-I viral fusion is controlled by the membrane destabilizing properties of fusion peptide and six-helix bundle formation. The ER/mitochondrial homotypic fusion is controlled by GTPase activity and the membrane destabilization properties of the amphipathic helix(s). Although the mechanism of action of these fusion proteins is diverse, they have some similarities. In all cases, the lipid composition of the membrane greatly affects membrane fusion. Next, examples of lipidation of the fusion proteins were discussed. We suggest that the fatty acyl hydrophobic tail not only acts as an anchor but may also modulate the energetics of membrane fusion intermediates. Lipidation is also important to design more effective peptide-based fusion inhibitors. Together, we have shown that membrane lipid composition and lipidation are important to modulate membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Nikesh Dewangan
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Bishvanwesha Panda
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Debosmita Bhowmick
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Pradip K. Tarafdar
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
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6
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Li A, Liang C, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang K, Liu J, Shi J. Boosting 5-ALA-based photodynamic therapy by a liposomal nanomedicine through intracellular iron ion regulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1329-1340. [PMID: 34094837 PMCID: PMC8148057 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been approved for clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its negligible photosensitive toxicity. However, the curative effect of 5-ALA is restricted by intracellular biotransformation inactivation of 5-ALA and potential DNA repair of tumor cells. Inspired by the crucial function of iron ions in 5-ALA transformation and DNA repair, a liposomal nanomedicine (MFLs@5-ALA/DFO) with intracellular iron ion regulation property was developed for boosting the PDT of 5-ALA, which was prepared by co-encapsulating 5-ALA and DFO (deferoxamine, a special iron chelator) into the membrane fusion liposomes (MFLs). MFLs@5-ALA/DFO showed an improved pharmaceutical behavior and rapidly fused with tumor cell membrane for 5-ALA and DFO co-delivery. MFLs@5-ALA/DFO could efficiently reduce iron ion, thus blocking the biotransformation of photosensitive protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to heme, realizing significant accumulation of photosensitivity. Meanwhile, the activity of DNA repair enzyme was also inhibited with the reduction of iron ion, resulting in the aggravated DNA damage in tumor cells. Our findings showed MFLs@5-ALA/DFO had potential to be applied for enhanced PDT of 5-ALA.
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Key Words
- 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- 5-Aminolevulinic acid
- ALKBH2
- Biotransformation interference
- CH, cholesterol
- CLs, custom liposomes
- Ce6, chlorine e6
- DFO, deferoxamine
- DNA repair inhibition
- DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- DOPE, dioleoyl phosphatidy lethanolamine
- DPPC, dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- Drug delivery
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Iron ion regulation
- LMPA, low melting point agarose
- MFLs, membrane fusion liposomes
- Membrane fusion liposomes
- NMPA, normal melting point agarose
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PS, photosensitizers
- Photodynamic therapy
- PpIX, protoporphyrin IX
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl trans-ferase dUTP nick end labeling
- calcein-AM/PI, calcein-AM/ propidiumiodide
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7
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Hubrich BE, Wehland JD, Groth MC, Schirmacher A, Hubrich R, Steinem C, Diederichsen U. Membrane fusion mediated by peptidic SNARE protein analogues: Evaluation of FRET-based bulk leaflet mixing assays. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3327. [PMID: 33825251 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-mediated membrane fusion is frequently studied with in vitro bulk leaflet mixing assays based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In these, customized liposomes with fusogenic peptides are equipped with lipids which are labeled with fluorophores that form a FRET pair. Since FRET is dependent on distance and membrane fusion comes along with lipid mixing, the assays allow for conclusions on the membrane fusion process. The experimental outcome of these assays, however, greatly depends on the applied parameters. In the present study, the influence of the peptides, the size of liposomes, their lipid composition and the liposome stoichiometry on the fusogenicity of liposomes are evaluated. As fusogenic peptides, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment receptor (SNARE) protein analogues featuring artificial recognition units attached to the native SNARE transmembrane domains are used. The work shows that it is important to control these parameters in order to be able to properly investigate the fusion process and to prevent undesired effects of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Hubrich
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dirk Wehland
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mike C Groth
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Schirmacher
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Hubrich
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Sardar A, Lahiri A, Kamble M, Mallick AI, Tarafdar PK. Translation of Mycobacterium Survival Strategy to Develop a Lipo‐peptide based Fusion Inhibitor**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur PIN-741246 India
| | - Aritraa Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur PIN-741246 India
| | - Mithila Kamble
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur PIN-741246 India
| | - Amirul I. Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur PIN-741246 India
| | - Pradip K. Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur PIN-741246 India
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9
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Sardar A, Lahiri A, Kamble M, Mallick AI, Tarafdar PK. Translation of Mycobacterium Survival Strategy to Develop a Lipo-peptide based Fusion Inhibitor*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6101-6106. [PMID: 33241871 PMCID: PMC7753697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The entry of enveloped virus requires the fusion of viral and host cell membranes. An effective fusion inhibitor aiming at impeding such membrane fusion may emerge as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against a wide range of viral infections. Mycobacterium survives inside the phagosome by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion with the help of a coat protein coronin 1. Structural analysis of coronin 1 and other WD40-repeat protein suggest that the trp-asp (WD) sequence is placed at distorted β-meander motif (more exposed) in coronin 1. The unique structural feature of coronin 1 was explored to identify a simple lipo-peptide sequence (myr-WD), which effectively inhibits membrane fusion by modulating the interfacial order, water penetration, and surface potential. The mycobacterium inspired lipo-dipeptide was successfully tested to combat type 1 influenza virus (H1N1) and murine coronavirus infections as a potential broad-spectrum antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataMohanpurPIN-741246India
| | - Aritraa Lahiri
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataMohanpurPIN-741246India
| | - Mithila Kamble
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataMohanpurPIN-741246India
| | - Amirul I. Mallick
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataMohanpurPIN-741246India
| | - Pradip K. Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research KolkataMohanpurPIN-741246India
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10
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Wang B, Zhang H, An J, Zhang Y, Sun L, Jin Y, Shi J, Li M, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Sequential Intercellular Delivery Nanosystem for Enhancing ROS-Induced Antitumor Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3505-3518. [PMID: 31034238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in enhancing photodynamic therapy efficacy, high-efficiency reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapy approach, especially in malignancy tumor treatment, remains challenging. Relieving the hypoxia of tumor tissue has been considered to be an attractive strategy for enhancing ROS-based treatment effect. Nevertheless, it is frequently neglected that the hypoxic regions are usually located deep in the tumors and therefore are usually inaccessible. To address these limitations, herein we constructed a sequential intercellular delivery system (MFLs/LAOOH@DOX) that consists of a membrane fusion liposomes (MFLs) doped with linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LAOOH) in the lipid bilayer and antitumor doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated inside. In this report, LAOOH, one of the primary products of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was selected as ROS-generated agent herein, which depends on Fe2+ rather than oxygen and other external stimuli to produce ROS. Upon the enhanced permeation and retention effect, MFLs/LAOOH@DOX first fused with tumor cell membranes in the perivascular region in synchrony with selective delivery of LAOOH into the plasma membrane and the on-demand intracellular release of DOX. By hitchhiking with extracellular vesicles, LAOOH, as a cell membrane natural ingredient, spread gradually to neighboring cells and throughout the entire tumor eventually. Combined with subsequent administration of nano Fe3O4, ROS was specifically generated on the tumor cell membrane by LAOOH throughout the tumor tissues. This study offers a new method to enhance ROS-based antitumor treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Jingyi An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Lulu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Yajie Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan Province , China
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11
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Ali Doosti B, Cans AS, Jeffries GDM, Lobovkina T. Membrane Remodeling of Giant Vesicles in Response to Localized Calcium Ion Gradients. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30059020 PMCID: PMC6126466 DOI: 10.3791/57789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In a wide variety of fundamental cell processes, such as membrane trafficking and apoptosis, cell membrane shape transitions occur concurrently with local variations in calcium ion concentration. The main molecular components involved in these processes have been identified; however, the specific interplay between calcium ion gradients and the lipids within the cell membrane is far less known, mainly due to the complex nature of biological cells and the difficultly of observation schemes. To bridge this gap, a synthetic approach is successfully implemented to reveal the localized effect of calcium ions on cell membrane mimics. Establishing a mimic to resemble the conditions within a cell is a severalfold problem. First, an adequate biomimetic model with appropriate dimensions and membrane composition is required to capture the physical properties of cells. Second, a micromanipulation setup is needed to deliver a small amount of calcium ions to a particular membrane location. Finally, an observation scheme is required to detect and record the response of the lipid membrane to the external stimulation. This article offers a detailed biomimetic approach for studying the calcium ion-membrane interaction, where a lipid vesicle system, consisting of a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) connected to a multilamellar vesicle (MLV), is exposed to a localized calcium gradient formed using a microinjection system. The dynamics of the ionic influence on the membrane were observed using fluorescence microscopy and recorded at video frame rates. As a result of the membrane stimulation, highly curved membrane tubular protrusions (MTPs) formed inside the GUV, oriented away from the membrane. The described approach induces the remodeling of the lipid membrane and MTP production in an entirely contactless and controlled manner. This approach introduces a means to address the details of calcium ion-membrane interactions, providing new avenues to study the mechanisms of cell membrane reshaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Ali Doosti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
| | - Gavin D M Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
| | - Tatsiana Lobovkina
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology;
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12
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Das D, Tarafdar PK, Chakrabarti A. Structure-activity relationship of heme and its analogues in membrane damage and inhibition of fusion. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2458-2465. [PMID: 29923605 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Under pathological conditions, such as sickle cell disease and malaria, heme concentration increases considerably, and it induces membrane damage. As sickled and normal erythrocytes contain high cholesterol: phospholipid ratio, we investigated the role of lipid composition, chain length, and unsaturation on the partitioning and leakage of hemin in phospholipid vesicles. To establish structure-activity relationship in membrane damage, experiments with two other analogues, protoporphyrin-IX and hematoporphyrin (HP) were also carried out. Hemin and its analogues localize differently in membranes and exhibit distinct roles in partitioning, leakage and fusion. Hemin and HP trigger more leakage in the presence of aminophospholipids, whereas cholesterol buffers the destabilizing effect remarkably. Inhibition of fusion by hemin further suggests its unexplored and important role in membrane trafficking, particularly under diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Das
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography& Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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13
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Bu B, Crowe M, Diao J, Ji B, Li D. Cholesterol suppresses membrane leakage by decreasing water penetrability. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5277-5282. [PMID: 29896597 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a fundamental biological process that lies at the heart of enveloped virus infection, synaptic signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking, gamete fertilization, and cell-cell fusion. Membrane fusion is initiated as two apposed membranes merge to a single bilayer called a hemifusion diaphragm. It is believed that the contents of the two fusing membranes are released through a fusion pore formed at the hemifusion diaphragm, and yet another possible pathway has been proposed in which an undefined pore may form outside the hemifusion diaphragm at the apposed membranes, leading to the so-called leaky fusion. Here, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the evolution of the hemifusion diaphragm structure with various lipid compositions. We found that the lipid cholesterol decreased water penetrability to inhibit leakage pore formation. Biochemical leakage experiments support these simulation results. This study may shed light on the underlying mechanism of the evolution pathways of the hemifusion structure, especially the understanding of content leakage during membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bu
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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14
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Ali Doosti B, Pezeshkian W, Bruhn DS, Ipsen JH, Khandelia H, Jeffries GDM, Lobovkina T. Membrane Tubulation in Lipid Vesicles Triggered by the Local Application of Calcium Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11010-11017. [PMID: 28910109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on ion-lipid interactions predict that binding of calcium ions to cell membranes leads to macroscopic mechanical effects and membrane remodeling. Herein, we provide experimental evidence that a point source of Ca2+ acting upon a negatively charged membrane generates spontaneous curvature and triggers the formation of tubular protrusions that point away from the ion source. This behavior is rationalized by strong binding of the divalent cations to the surface of the charged bilayer, which effectively neutralizes the surface charge density of outer leaflet of the bilayer. The mismatch in the surface charge density of the two leaflets leads to nonzero spontaneous curvature. We probe this mismatch through the use of molecular dynamics simulations and validate that calcium ion binding to a lipid membrane is sufficient to generate inward spontaneous curvature, bending the membrane. Additionally, we demonstrate that the formed tubular protrusions can be translated along the vesicle surface in a controlled manner by repositioning the site of localized Ca2+ exposure. The findings demonstrate lipid membrane remodeling in response to local chemical gradients and offer potential insights into the cell membrane behavior under conditions of varying calcium ion concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Ali Doosti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Weria Pezeshkian
- Center for Biomembrane Physics (MEMPHYS), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Bruhn
- Center for Biomembrane Physics (MEMPHYS), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - John H Ipsen
- Center for Biomembrane Physics (MEMPHYS), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- Center for Biomembrane Physics (MEMPHYS), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Gavin D M Jeffries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tatsiana Lobovkina
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Javanainen M, Melcrová A, Magarkar A, Jurkiewicz P, Hof M, Jungwirth P, Martinez-Seara H. Two cations, two mechanisms: interactions of sodium and calcium with zwitterionic lipid membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5380-5383. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of metal cations onto a cellular membrane changes its properties, such as interactions with charged moieties or the propensity for membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Javanainen
- Laboratory of Physics
- Tampere University of Technology
- FI-33101 Tampere
- Finland
- Department of Physics
| | - Adéla Melcrová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague 8
- Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Physics
| | - Hector Martinez-Seara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Physics
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16
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Tarafdar PK, Chakraborty H, Bruno MJ, Lentz BR. Phosphatidylserine-Dependent Catalysis of Stalk and Pore Formation by Synaptobrevin JMR-TMD Peptide. Biophys J 2016; 109:1863-72. [PMID: 26536263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of a SNARE complex in neurotransmitter release is widely accepted, there exist different views on how the complex promotes fusion. One hypothesis is that the SNARE complex's ability to bring membranes into contact is sufficient for fusion, another points to possible roles of juxtamembrane regions (JMRs) and transmembrane domains (TMDs) in catalyzing lipid rearrangement, and another notes the complex's presumed ability to bend membranes near the point of contact. Here, we performed experiments with highly curved vesicles brought into contact using low concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to investigate the influence of the synaptobrevin (SB) TMD with an attached JMR (SB-JMR-TMD) on the rates of stalk and pore formation during vesicle fusion. SB-JMR-TMD enhanced the rates of stalk and fusion pore (FP) formation in a sharply sigmoidal fashion. We observed an optimal influence at an average of three peptides per vesicle, but only with phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing vesicles. Approximately three SB-JMR-TMDs per vesicle optimally ordered the bilayer interior and excluded water in a similar sigmoidal fashion. The catalytic influences of hexadecane and SB-JMR-TMD on fusion kinetics showed little in common, suggesting different mechanisms. Both kinetic and membrane structure measurements support the hypotheses that SB-JMR-TMD 1) catalyzes initial intermediate formation as a result of its basic JMR disrupting ordered interbilayer water and permitting closer interbilayer approach, and 2) catalyzes pore formation by forming a membrane-spanning complex that increases curvature stress at the circumference of the hemifused diaphragm of the prepore intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Bruno
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Barry R Lentz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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17
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Mukherjee I, Barlowe C. Overexpression of Sly41 suppresses COPII vesicle-tethering deficiencies by elevating intracellular calcium levels. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1635-49. [PMID: 27030673 PMCID: PMC4865320 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SLY41 is a multicopy suppressor of mutations in the essential Ypt1 GTPase. Overexpression of Sly41 elevates cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which stimulates SNARE-dependent fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi membranes and suppresses deficiencies in Ypt1-dependent vesicle tethering. Thus Ca2+ positively regulates vesicle fusion with Golgi membranes. SLY41 was identified as a multicopy suppressor of loss of Ypt1, a Rab GTPase essential for COPII vesicle tethering at the Golgi complex. SLY41 encodes a polytopic membrane protein with homology to a class of solute transporter proteins, but how overexpression suppresses vesicle-tethering deficiencies is not known. Here we show that Sly41 is efficiently packaged into COPII vesicles and actively cycles between the ER and Golgi compartments. SLY41 displays synthetic negative genetic interactions with PMR1, which encodes the major Golgi-localized Ca2+/Mn2+ transporter and suggests that Sly41 influences cellular Ca2+ and Mn2+ homeostasis. Experiments using the calcium probe aequorin to measure intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in live cells reveal that Sly41 overexpression significantly increases cytosolic calcium levels. Although specific substrates of the Sly41 transporter were not identified, our findings indicate that localized overexpression of Sly41 to the early secretory pathway elevates cytosolic calcium levels to suppress vesicle-tethering mutants. In vitro SNARE cross-linking assays were used to directly monitor the influence of Ca2+ on tethering and fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi membranes. Strikingly, calcium at suppressive concentrations stimulated SNARE-dependent membrane fusion when vesicle-tethering activity was reduced. These results show that calcium positively regulates the SNARE-dependent fusion stage of ER–Golgi transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Charles Barlowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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18
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Somerharju P. Is Spontaneous Translocation of Polar Lipids Between Cellular Organelles Negligible? Lipid Insights 2016; 8:87-93. [PMID: 27147824 PMCID: PMC4849424 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In most reviews addressing intracellular lipid trafficking, spontaneous diffusion of lipid monomers between the cellular organelles is considered biologically irrelevant because it is thought to be far too slow to significantly contribute to organelle biogenesis. This view is based on intervesicle transfer experiments carried out in vitro with few lipids as well as on the view that lipids are highly hydrophobic and thus cannot undergo spontaneous intermembrane diffusion at a significant rate. However, besides that single-chain lipids can translocate between vesicles in seconds, it has been demonstrated that the rate of spontaneous transfer of two-chain polar lipids can vary even 1000-fold, depending on the number of carbons and double bonds in the acyl chains. In addition, the rate of spontaneous lipid transfer can strongly depend on the experimental conditions such as vesicle composition and concentration. This review examines the studies suggesting that spontaneous lipid transfer is probably more relevant to intracellular trafficking of amphipathic lipids than commonly thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pentti Somerharju
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Darabi M, Guillas-Baudouin I, Le Goff W, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Therapeutic applications of reconstituted HDL: When structure meets function. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:28-42. [PMID: 26546991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituted forms of HDL (rHDL) are under development for infusion as a therapeutic approach to attenuate atherosclerotic vascular disease and to reduce cardiovascular risk following acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Currently available rHDL formulations developed for clinical use contain apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and one of the major lipid components of HDL, either phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Recent data have established that quantitatively minor molecular constituents of HDL particles can strongly influence their anti-atherogenic functionality. Novel rHDL formulations displaying enhanced biological activities, including cellular cholesterol efflux, may therefore offer promising prospects for the development of HDL-based, anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Indeed, recent structural and functional data identify phosphatidylserine as a bioactive component of HDL; the content of phosphatidylserine in HDL particles displays positive correlations with all metrics of their functionality. This review summarizes current knowledge of structure-function relationships in rHDL formulations, with a focus on phosphatidylserine and other negatively-charged phospholipids. Mechanisms potentially underlying the atheroprotective role of these lipids are discussed and their potential for the development of HDL-based therapies highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Isabelle Guillas-Baudouin
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - M John Chapman
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Anatol Kontush
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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20
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Simunovic M, Lee KYC, Bassereau P. Celebrating Soft Matter's 10th anniversary: screening of the calcium-induced spontaneous curvature of lipid membranes. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5030-5036. [PMID: 26016587 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are key regulators of cellular function. An important step in membrane-related phenomena is the reshaping of the lipid bilayer, often induced by binding of macromolecules. Numerous experimental and simulation efforts have revealed that calcium, a ubiquitous cellular messenger, has a strong impact on the phase behavior, structural properties, and the stability of membranes. Yet, it is still unknown the way calcium and lipid interactions affect their macroscopic mechanical properties. In this work, we studied the interaction of calcium ions with membrane tethers pulled from giant unilamellar vesicles, to quantify the mechanical effect on the membrane. We found that calcium imposes a positive spontaneous curvature on negatively charged membranes, contrary to predictions we made based on the proposed atomic structure. Surprisingly, this effect vanishes in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of sodium chloride. Our work implies that calcium may be a trigger for membrane reshaping only at high concentrations, in a process that is robustly screened by sodium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijo Simunovic
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75248 Paris, France.
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21
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Rørvig-Lund A, Bahadori A, Semsey S, Bendix PM, Oddershede LB. Vesicle Fusion Triggered by Optically Heated Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4183-4188. [PMID: 26010468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion can be accelerated by heating that causes membrane melting and expansion. We locally heated the membranes of two adjacent vesicles by laser irradiating gold nanoparticles, thus causing vesicle fusion with associated membrane and cargo mixing. The mixing time scales were consistent with diffusive mixing of the membrane dyes and the aqueous content. This method is useful for nanoscale reactions as demonstrated here by I-BAR protein-mediated membrane tubulation triggered by fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rørvig-Lund
- †Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Azra Bahadori
- †Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- ‡Lundbeck Foundation Center of Excellence for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Semsey
- †Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- †Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene B Oddershede
- †Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- ‡Lundbeck Foundation Center of Excellence for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Abstract
Sec17 [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein; α-SNAP] and Sec18 (NSF) perform ATP-dependent disassembly of cis-SNARE complexes, liberating SNAREs for subsequent assembly of trans-complexes for fusion. A mutant of Sec17, with limited ability to stimulate Sec18, still strongly enhanced fusion when ample Sec18 was supplied, suggesting that Sec17 has additional functions. We used fusion reactions where the four SNAREs were initially separate, thus requiring no disassembly by Sec18. With proteoliposomes bearing asymmetrically disposed SNAREs, tethering and trans-SNARE pairing allowed slow fusion. Addition of Sec17 did not affect the levels of trans-SNARE complex but triggered sudden fusion of trans-SNARE paired proteoliposomes. Sec18 did not substitute for Sec17 in triggering fusion, but ADP- or ATPγS-bound Sec18 enhanced this Sec17 function. The extent of the Sec17 effect varied with the lipid headgroup and fatty acyl composition of the proteoliposomes. Two mutants further distinguished the two Sec17 functions: Sec17(L291A,L292A) did not stimulate Sec18 to disassemble cis-SNARE complex but triggered the fusion of trans-SNARE paired membranes. Sec17(F21S,M22S), with diminished apolar character to its hydrophobic loop, fully supported Sec18-mediated SNARE complex disassembly but had lost the capacity to stimulate the fusion of trans-SNARE paired membranes. To model the interactions of SNARE-bound Sec17 with membranes, we show that Sec17, but not Sec17(F21S,M22S), interacted synergistically with the soluble SNARE domains to enable their stable association with liposomes. We propose a model in which Sec17 binds to trans-SNARE complexes, oligomerizes, and inserts apolar loops into the apposed membranes, locally disturbing the lipid bilayer and thereby lowering the energy barrier for fusion.
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23
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Sengupta T, Chakraborty H, Lentz BR. The transmembrane domain peptide of vesicular stomatitis virus promotes both intermediate and pore formation during PEG-mediated vesicle fusion. Biophys J 2015; 107:1318-26. [PMID: 25229140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose mechanisms by which the transmembrane domain of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-TMD) promotes both initiation of fusion and formation of a fusion pore. Time courses of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-mediated fusion of 25 nm small unilamellar vesicles composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), bovine brain sphingomyelin, and cholesterol (35:30:15:20 molar ratio) were recorded at pH 7.4 at five different temperatures (from 17°C to 37°C) and compared with time courses obtained with the same vesicles containing the fusion-active TMD of the G protein of VSV. Multiple time courses were fitted globally to a one-intermediate ensemble kinetic model to estimate the rate constants for conversion of the aggregated state to an intermediate hemifused state (k1, stalk, or I1) that rapidly transits to an unstable intermediate (I2 state) that converts to a final fusion pore state with a combined rate k3. The probabilities of lipid mixing, contents mixing, and contents leakage in the three states were also obtained from this analysis. The activation thermodynamics for each step were consistent with previously published models of lipid rearrangements during intermediate and pore formation. The influences of VSV-TMD, hexadecane, and VSV-TMD + hexadecane on the kinetics, activation thermodynamics, and membrane structure support the hypothesis that these two agents do not catalyze fusion by a common mechanism, except possibly at the lowest temperatures examined. VSV-TMD primarily catalyzed initial intermediate formation, although it substantially increased the probability of contents mixing in the intermediate state. Our results support the hypothesis that the catalytic influence of VSV-TMD on the initial-intermediate- and pore-forming steps of PEG-mediated fusion derives from its ability to impose a positive intrinsic curvature and thereby stress small unilamellar vesicle outer leaflets as well as the periphery of intermediate microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Barry R Lentz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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pH Alters PEG-mediated fusion of phosphatidylethanolamine-containing vesicles. Biophys J 2015; 107:1327-38. [PMID: 25229141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examine the different mechanisms of poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated fusion of small unilamellar vesicles composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/sphingomyelin/cholesterol in a molar ratio of 35:30:15:20 at pH 7.4 versus pH 5. In doing so, we test the hypothesis that fusion of this lipid mixture should be influenced by differences in hydration of DOPE at these two pH values. An examination of the literature reveals that DOPE should be less hydrated at pH 5 (where influenza virus particles fuse with endosome membranes) than at pH 7.4 (where synaptic vesicles or HIV virus particles fuse with plasma membrane). Ensemble kinetic experiments revealed substantial differences in fusion of this plasma membrane mimetic system at these two pH values. The most dramatic difference was the observation of two intermediates at pH 5 but loss of one of these fusion intermediates at pH 7.4. Analysis of data collected at several temperatures also revealed that formation of the initial fusion intermediate (stalk) was favored at pH 7.4 due to increased activation entropy. Our observations support the hypothesis that the different negative intrinsic curvature of DOPE can account for different fusion paths and activation thermodynamics in steps of the fusion process at these two pH values. Finally, the effects of 2 mol % hexadecane on fusion at both pH values seemed to have similar origins for step 1 (promotion of acyl chain or hydrocarbon excursion into interbilayer space) and step 3 (reduction of interstice energy leading to expansion to a critical stalk radius). Different hexadecane effects on activation thermodynamics at these two pH values can also be related to altered DOPE hydration. The results support our kinetic model for fusion and offer insight into the critical role of phosphatidylethanolamine in fusion.
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Chakraborty H, Tarafdar PK, Klapper DG, Lentz BR. Wild-type and mutant hemagglutinin fusion peptides alter bilayer structure as well as kinetics and activation thermodynamics of stalk and pore formation differently: mechanistic implications. Biophys J 2014; 105:2495-506. [PMID: 24314080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral fusion peptides are short N-terminal regions of type-1 viral fusion proteins that are critical for virus entry. Although the importance of viral fusion peptides in virus-cell membrane fusion is established, little is known about how they function. We report the effects of wild-type (WT) hemagglutinin (HA) fusion peptide and its G1S, G1V, and W14A mutants on the kinetics of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-mediated fusion of small unilamellar vesicles composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol (molar ratio of 35:30:15:20). Time courses of lipid mixing, content mixing, and content leakage were obtained using fluorescence assays at multiple temperatures and analyzed globally using either a two-step or three-step sequential ensemble model of the fusion process to obtain the rate constant and activation thermodynamics of each step. We also monitored the influence of peptides on bilayer interfacial order, acyl chain order, bilayer free volume, and water penetration. All these data were considered in terms of a recently published mechanistic model for the thermodynamic transition states for each step of the fusion process. We propose that WT peptide catalyzes Step 1 by occupying bilayer regions vacated by acyl chains that protrude into interbilayer space to form the Step 1 transition state. It also uniquely contributes a positive intrinsic curvature to hemi-fused leaflets to eliminate Step 2 and catalyzes Step 3 by destabilizing the highly stressed edges of the hemi-fused microstructures that dominate the ensemble of the intermediate state directly preceding fusion pore formation. Similar arguments explain the catalytic and inhibitory properties of the mutant peptides and support the hypothesis that the membrane-contacting fusion peptide of HA fusion protein is key to its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirak Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics & Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260
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Pannuzzo M, De Jong DH, Raudino A, Marrink SJ. Simulation of polyethylene glycol and calcium-mediated membrane fusion. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:124905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4869176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Goñi FM. The basic structure and dynamics of cell membranes: an update of the Singer-Nicolson model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1467-76. [PMID: 24440423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson (1972) is a commonly used representation of the cell membrane structure and dynamics. However a number of features, the result of four decades of research, must be incorporated to obtain a valid, contemporary version of the model. Among the novel aspects to be considered are: (i) the high density of proteins in the bilayer, that makes the bilayer a molecularly "crowded" space, with important physiological consequences; (ii) the proteins that bind the membranes on a temporary basis, thus establishing a continuum between the purely soluble proteins, never in contact with membranes, and those who cannot exist unless bilayer-bound; (iii) the progress in our knowledge of lipid phases, the putative presence of non-lamellar intermediates in membranes, and the role of membrane curvature and its relation to lipid geometry, (iv) the existence of lateral heterogeneity (domain formation) in cell membranes, including the transient microdomains known as rafts, and (v) the possibility of transient and localized transbilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix M Goñi
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Chakraborty H, Tarafdar PK, Lentz BR. A novel assay for detecting fusion pore formation: implications for the fusion mechanism. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8510-7. [PMID: 24164461 DOI: 10.1021/bi401369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is broadly envisioned as a two- or three-step process proceeding from contacting bilayers through one or two semistable, nonlamellar lipidic intermediate structures to a fusion pore. A true fusion event requires mixing of contents between compartments and is monitored by the movement of soluble molecules between trapped compartments. We have used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to rapidly generate an ensemble aggregated state A that proceeds sequentially through intermediates (I₁ and/or I₂) to a final fusion pore state (FP) with rate constants k₁, k₂, and k₃. Movement of moderately sized solutes (e.g., Tb³⁺/dipicolinic acid) has been used to detect pores assigned to intermediate states as well as to the final state (FP). Analysis of ensemble kinetic data has required that mixing of contents occurs with defined probabilities (αi) in each ensemble state, although it is unclear whether pores that form in different states are different. We introduce here a simple new assay that employs fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a 6-carboxyfluorescein (donor) and tetramethylrhodamine (acceptor), which are covalently attached to complementary sequences of 10 bp oligonucleotides. Complementary sequences of fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides were incorporated in vesicles separately, and the level of FRET increased in a simple exponential fashion during PEG-mediated fusion. The resulting rate constant corresponded closely to the slow rate constant of FP formation (k₃) derived from small molecule assays. Additionally, the total extent of oligonucleotide mixing corresponded to the fraction of content mixing that occurred in state FP in the small molecule assay. The results show that both large "final pores" and small (presumably transient) pores can form between vesicles throughout the fusion process. The implications of this result for the mechanism of membrane fusion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirak Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260, United States
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