1
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Pinto-Dueñas DC, Hernández-Guzmán C, Marsch PM, Wadurkar AS, Martín-Tapia D, Alarcón L, Vázquez-Victorio G, Méndez-Méndez JV, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Nangia S, González-Mariscal L. The Role of ZO-2 in Modulating JAM-A and γ-Actin Junctional Recruitment, Apical Membrane and Tight Junction Tension, and Cell Response to Substrate Stiffness and Topography. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2453. [PMID: 38473701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the role of the tight junction (TJ) protein ZO-2 on mechanosensation. We found that the lack of ZO-2 reduced apical membrane rigidity measured with atomic force microscopy, inhibited the association of γ-actin and JAM-A to the cell border, and instead facilitated p114RhoGEF and afadin accumulation at the junction, leading to an enhanced mechanical tension at the TJ measured by FRET, with a ZO-1 tension probe, and increased tricellular TJ tension. Simultaneously, adherens junction tension measured with an E-cadherin probe was unaltered. The stability of JAM-A and ZO-2 binding was assessed by a collaborative in silico study. The absence of ZO-2 also impacted the cell response to the substrate, as monolayers plated in 20 kPa hydrogels developed holes not seen in parental cultures and displayed a retarded elongation and formation of cell aggregates. The absence of ZO-2 was sufficient to induce YAP and Snail nuclear accumulation in cells cultured over glass, but when ZO-2 KD cells were plated in nanostructured ridge arrays, they displayed an increased abundance of nuclear Snail and conspicuous internalization of claudin-4. These results indicate that the absence of ZO-2 also impairs the response of cells to substrate stiffness and exacerbates transformation triggered by substrate topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cristina Pinto-Dueñas
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Patrick Matthew Marsch
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Anand Sunil Wadurkar
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Dolores Martín-Tapia
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Alarcón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Genaro Vázquez-Victorio
- Physics Department, Science School, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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2
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Höllring K, Vurnek D, Gehrer S, Dudziak D, Hubert M, Smith AS. Morphology as indicator of adaptive changes of model tissues in osmotically and chemically changing environments. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213635. [PMID: 37804683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation and maintenance of the homeostatic state in the case of 2D epithelial tissues following an induction of hyperosmotic conditions, using media enriched with 80 to 320 mOsm of mannitol, NaCl, and urea. We characterise the changes in the tissue immediately after the osmotic shock, and follow it until the new homeostatic state is formed. We characterise changes in cooperative motility and proliferation pressure in the tissue upon treatment with the help of a theoretical model based on the delayed Fisher-Kolmogorov formalism, where the delay in density evolution is induced by the the finite time of the cell division. Finally we explore the adaptation of the homeostatic tissue to highly elevated osmotic conditions by evaluating the morphology and topology of cells after 20 days in incubation. We find that hyperosmotic environments together with changes in the extracellular matrix induce different mechanical states in viable tissues, where only some remain functional. The perspective is a relation between tissue topology and function, which could be explored beyond the scope of this manuscript. Experimental investigation of morphological effect of change of osmotic conditions on long-term tissue morphology and topology Effect of osmotic changes on transient tissue growth behaviour Analysis of recovery process of tissues post-osmotic-shock Toxicity limits of osmolytes in mid- to long-term tissue evolution Tissue adaptation to physiological changes in environment Long-term tissue stabilisation under altered osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Höllring
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Simone Gehrer
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Maxime Hubert
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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3
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Hauke L, Isbaner S, Ghosh A, Guido I, Turco L, Chizhik AI, Gregor I, Karedla N, Rehfeldt F, Enderlein J. Metal-Induced Energy Transfer (MIET) for Live-Cell Imaging with Fluorescent Proteins. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8242-8251. [PMID: 36995274 PMCID: PMC10173696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) imaging is an easy-to-implement super-resolution modality that achieves nanometer resolution along the optical axis of a microscope. Although its capability in numerous biological and biophysical studies has been demonstrated, its implementation for live-cell imaging with fluorescent proteins is still lacking. Here, we present its applicability and capabilities for live-cell imaging with fluorescent proteins in diverse cell types (adult human stem cells, human osteo-sarcoma cells, and Dictyostelium discoideum cells), and with various fluorescent proteins (GFP, mScarlet, RFP, YPet). We show that MIET imaging achieves nanometer axial mapping of living cellular and subcellular components across multiple time scales, from a few milliseconds to hours, with negligible phototoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hauke
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Isbaner
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabella Guido
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Turco
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexey I Chizhik
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Gregor
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Narain Karedla
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Measuring Nuclear Mechanics with Atomic Force Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2476:171-181. [PMID: 35635704 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2221-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy is an ideal tool to map topography and mechanical properties of materials on the micro- and nanoscale. Here, we describe its application to measure and analyze the mechanics, in particular the effective Young's elastic modulus E* of the mammalian nucleus in live cells. We present three approaches which enable the mechanics to be probed under varying conditions. This includes fully adhered cells, initially adhered cells which lack an established cytoskeleton, and purified nuclei to study their isolated response.
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5
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Zivari-Ghader T, Dolati S, Mehdizadeh A, Davaran S, Rashidi MR, Yousefi M. Recent scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches in premature ovarian failure treatment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:605-620. [PMID: 35511799 DOI: 10.1002/term.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have received significant attention with outstanding advances. The main scope of this technology is to recover the damaged tissues and organs or to maintain and improve their function. One of the essential fields in tissue engineering is scaffold designing and construction, playing an integral role in damaged tissues reconstruction and repair. However, premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disorder causing many medical and psychological problems in women. POF treatment using tissue engineering and various scaffold has recently made tremendous and promising progress. Due to the importance of the subject, we have summarized the recently examined scaffolds in the treatment of POF in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Zivari-Ghader
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rashidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Hagelaars MJ, Yousef Yengej FA, Verhaar MC, Rookmaaker MB, Loerakker S, Bouten CVC. Substrate Stiffness Determines the Establishment of Apical-Basal Polarization in Renal Epithelial Cells but Not in Tubuloid-Derived Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:820930. [PMID: 35299632 PMCID: PMC8923587 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.820930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical guidance of tissue morphogenesis is an emerging method of regenerative medicine that can be employed to steer functional kidney architecture for the purpose of bioartificial kidney design or renal tissue engineering strategies. In kidney morphogenesis, apical-basal polarization of renal epithelial cells is paramount for tubule formation and subsequent tissue functions like excretion and resorption. In kidney epithelium, polarization is initiated by integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion at the cell membrane. Cellular mechanobiology research has indicated that this integrin-mediated adhesion is responsive to matrix stiffness, raising the possibility to use matrix stiffness as a handle to steer cell polarization. Herein, we evaluate apical-basal polarization in response to 2D substates of different stiffness (1, 10, 50 kPa and glass) in Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCKs), a classic canine-derived cell model of epithelial polarization, and in tubuloid-derived cells, established from human primary cells derived from adult kidney tissue. Our results show that sub-physiological (1 kPa) substrate stiffness with low integrin-based adhesion induces polarization in MDCKs, while MDCKs on supraphysiological (>10 kPa) stiffness remain unpolarized. Inhibition of integrin, indeed, allows for polarization on the supraphysiological substrates, suggesting that increased cellular adhesion on stiff substrates opposes polarization. In contrast, tubuloid-derived cells do not establish apical-basal polarization on 2D substrates, irrespective of substrate stiffness, despite their ability to polarize in 3D environments. Further analysis implies that the 2D cultured tubuloid-derived cells have a diminished mechanosensitive capacity when presented with different substrate stiffnesses due to immature focal adhesions and the absence of a connection between focal adhesions and the cytoskeleton. Overall, this study demonstrates that apical-basal polarization is a complex process, where cell type, the extracellular environment, and both the mechanical and chemical aspects in cell-matrix interactions performed by integrins play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Hagelaars
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carlijn V. C. Bouten,
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7
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dos Santos Á, Cook AW, Gough RE, Schilling M, Olszok N, Brown I, Wang L, Aaron J, Martin-Fernandez ML, Rehfeldt F, Toseland CP. DNA damage alters nuclear mechanics through chromatin reorganization. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 49:340-353. [PMID: 33330932 PMCID: PMC7797048 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks drive genomic instability. However, it remains unknown how these processes may affect the biomechanical properties of the nucleus and what role nuclear mechanics play in DNA damage and repair efficiency. Here, we have used Atomic Force Microscopy to investigate nuclear mechanical changes, arising from externally induced DNA damage. We found that nuclear stiffness is significantly reduced after cisplatin treatment, as a consequence of DNA damage signalling. This softening was linked to global chromatin decondensation, which improves molecular diffusion within the organelle. We propose that this can increase recruitment for repair factors. Interestingly, we also found that reduction of nuclear tension, through cytoskeletal relaxation, has a protective role to the cell and reduces accumulation of DNA damage. Overall, these changes protect against further genomic instability and promote DNA repair. We propose that these processes may underpin the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ália dos Santos
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Alexander W Cook
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Martin Schilling
- University of Göttingen, 3rd Institute of Physics—Biophysics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nora A Olszok
- University of Göttingen, 3rd Institute of Physics—Biophysics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ian Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Lin Wang
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Florian Rehfeldt. Tel: +49 921 55 2504;
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8
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Erpenbeck L, Gruhn AL, Kudryasheva G, Günay G, Meyer D, Busse J, Neubert E, Schön MP, Rehfeldt F, Kruss S. Effect of Adhesion and Substrate Elasticity on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2320. [PMID: 31632402 PMCID: PMC6781793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells. Upon stimulation, they are able to decondense and release their chromatin as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This process (NETosis) is part of immune defense mechanisms but also plays an important role in many chronic and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and cancer. For this reason, much effort has been invested into understanding biochemical signaling pathways in NETosis. However, the impact of the mechanical micro-environment and adhesion on NETosis is not well-understood. Here, we studied how adhesion and especially substrate elasticity affect NETosis. We employed polyacrylamide (PAA) gels with distinctly defined elasticities (Young's modulus E) within the physiologically relevant range from 1 to 128 kPa and coated the gels with integrin ligands (collagen I, fibrinogen). Neutrophils were cultured on these substrates and stimulated with potent inducers of NETosis: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interestingly, PMA-induced NETosis was neither affected by substrate elasticity nor by different integrin ligands. In contrast, for LPS stimulation, NETosis rates increased with increasing substrate elasticity (E > 20 kPa). LPS-induced NETosis increased with increasing cell contact area, while PMA-induced NETosis did not require adhesion at all. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), which is involved in adhesion signaling, completely abolished LPS-induced NETosis but only slightly decreased PMA-induced NETosis. In summary, we show that LPS-induced NETosis depends on adhesion and substrate elasticity while PMA-induced NETosis is completely independent of adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Luise Gruhn
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Galina Kudryasheva
- Third Institute of Physics–Biophysics, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gökhan Günay
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Busse
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elsa Neubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Third Institute of Physics–Biophysics, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Pérez-González C, Alert R, Blanch-Mercader C, Gómez-González M, Kolodziej T, Bazellieres E, Casademunt J, Trepat X. Active wetting of epithelial tissues. NATURE PHYSICS 2019; 15:79-88. [PMID: 31537984 PMCID: PMC6753015 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Development, regeneration and cancer involve drastic transitions in tissue morphology. In analogy with the behavior of inert fluids, some of these transitions have been interpreted as wetting transitions. The validity and scope of this analogy are unclear, however, because the active cellular forces that drive tissue wetting have been neither measured nor theoretically accounted for. Here we show that the transition between two-dimensional epithelial monolayers and three-dimensional spheroidal aggregates can be understood as an active wetting transition whose physics differs fundamentally from that of passive wetting phenomena. By combining an active polar fluid model with measurements of physical forces as a function of tissue size, contractility, cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, and substrate stiffness, we show that the wetting transition results from the competition between traction forces and contractile intercellular stresses. This competition defines a new intrinsic lengthscale that gives rise to a critical size for the wetting transition in tissues, a striking feature that has no counterpart in classical wetting. Finally, we show that active shape fluctuations are dynamically amplified during tissue dewetting. Overall, we conclude that tissue spreading constitutes a prominent example of active wetting - a novel physical scenario that may explain morphological transitions during tissue morphogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute
for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Ricard Alert
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada,
Facultat de Física, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028
Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Blanch-Mercader
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research
University - Sorbonne Universités, UPMC CNRS, UMR 168, 26 rue d’Ulm,
F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Biochemistry and NCCR Chemical Biology, Sciences II,
University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute
for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tomasz Kolodziej
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science,
Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elsa Bazellieres
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute
for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jaume Casademunt
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada,
Facultat de Física, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028
Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding authors: Jaume Casademunt, PhD, Professor of
Physics, Depertment of Condensed Matter Physics (University of Barcelona -
UBICS), Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, (+34) 934
021 188, ; Xavier Trepat, PhD, ICREA
Research Professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Ed. Hèlix,
Baldiri i Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, (+34) 934 020 265,
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute
for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona,
Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
(ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en
Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08028, Spain
- Corresponding authors: Jaume Casademunt, PhD, Professor of
Physics, Depertment of Condensed Matter Physics (University of Barcelona -
UBICS), Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, (+34) 934
021 188, ; Xavier Trepat, PhD, ICREA
Research Professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Ed. Hèlix,
Baldiri i Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain, (+34) 934 020 265,
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10
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Bastounis EE, Ortega FE, Serrano R, Theriot JA. A Multi-well Format Polyacrylamide-based Assay for Studying the Effect of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness on the Bacterial Infection of Adherent Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30035758 PMCID: PMC6124605 DOI: 10.3791/57361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix stiffness comprises one of the multiple environmental mechanical stimuli that are well known to influence cellular behavior, function, and fate in general. Although increasingly more adherent cell types' responses to matrix stiffness have been characterized, how adherent cells' susceptibility to bacterial infection depends on matrix stiffness is largely unknown, as is the effect of bacterial infection on the biomechanics of host cells. We hypothesize that the susceptibility of host endothelial cells to a bacterial infection depends on the stiffness of the matrix on which these cells reside, and that the infection of the host cells with bacteria will change their biomechanics. To test these two hypotheses, endothelial cells were used as model hosts and Listeria monocytogenes as a model pathogen. By developing a novel multi-well format assay, we show that the effect of matrix stiffness on infection of endothelial cells by L. monocytogenes can be quantitatively assessed through flow cytometry and immunostaining followed by microscopy. In addition, using traction force microscopy, the effect of L. monocytogenes infection on host endothelial cell biomechanics can be studied. The proposed method allows for the analysis of the effect of tissue-relevant mechanics on bacterial infection of adherent cells, which is a critical step towards understanding the biomechanical interactions between cells, their extracellular matrix, and pathogenic bacteria. This method is also applicable to a wide variety of other types of studies on cell biomechanics and response to substrate stiffness where it is important to be able to perform many replicates in parallel in each experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian E Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Xi W, Sonam S, Beng Saw T, Ladoux B, Teck Lim C. Emergent patterns of collective cell migration under tubular confinement. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1517. [PMID: 29142242 PMCID: PMC5688140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective epithelial behaviors are essential for the development of lumens in organs. However, conventional assays of planar systems fail to replicate cell cohorts of tubular structures that advance in concerted ways on out-of-plane curved and confined surfaces, such as ductal elongation in vivo. Here, we mimic such coordinated tissue migration by forming lumens of epithelial cell sheets inside microtubes of 1-10 cell lengths in diameter. We show that these cell tubes reproduce the physiological apical-basal polarity, and have actin alignment, cell orientation, tissue organization, and migration modes that depend on the extent of tubular confinement and/or curvature. In contrast to flat constraint, the cell sheets in a highly constricted smaller microtube demonstrate slow motion with periodic relaxation, but fast overall movement in large microtubes. Altogether, our findings provide insights into the emerging migratory modes for epithelial migration and growth under tubular confinement, which are reminiscent of the in vivo scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Surabhi Sonam
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot & CNRS UMR 7592, 75205, Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot & CNRS UMR 7592, 75205, Paris cedex 13, France.
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, #14-01, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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13
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Pajic-Lijakovic I, Milivojevic M. Viscoelasticity of multicellular surfaces. J Biomech 2017; 60:1-8. [PMID: 28712545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Various modeling approaches have been applied to describe viscoelasticity of multicellular surfaces. The viscoelasticity is considered within three time regimes: (1) short time regime for milliseconds to seconds time scale which corresponds to sub-cellular level; (2) middle time regime for several tens of seconds to several minutes time scale which corresponds to cellular level; and (3) long time regime for several tens of minutes to several hours time scale which corresponds to supra-cellular level. Short and middle time regimes have been successfully elaborated in the literature, whereas long time viscoelasticity remains unclear. Long time regime accounts for collective cell migration. Collective cell migration could induce uncorrelated motility which has an impact to energy storage and dissipation during cell surface rearrangement. Uncorrelated motility influences: (1) volume fraction of migrating cells, (2) distribution of migrating cells, (3) shapes of migrating cell groups. These parameters influence mechanical coupling between migrating and resting subpopulations and consequently the constitutive model for long time regime. This modeling consideration indicates that additional experimental work is needed to confirm the feasibility of constitutive models which have been applied in literature for long time regime as: (1) relaxation of stress and strain, (2) storage and loss moduli as the function of time, (3) distribution of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Milivojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
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De Palo G, Yi D, Endres RG. A critical-like collective state leads to long-range cell communication in Dictyostelium discoideum aggregation. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e1002602. [PMID: 28422986 PMCID: PMC5396852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from single-cell to multicellular behavior is important in early development but rarely studied. The starvation-induced aggregation of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum into a multicellular slug is known to result from single-cell chemotaxis towards emitted pulses of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, how exactly do transient, short-range chemical gradients lead to coherent collective movement at a macroscopic scale? Here, we developed a multiscale model verified by quantitative microscopy to describe behaviors ranging widely from chemotaxis and excitability of individual cells to aggregation of thousands of cells. To better understand the mechanism of long-range cell—cell communication and hence aggregation, we analyzed cell—cell correlations, showing evidence of self-organization at the onset of aggregation (as opposed to following a leader cell). Surprisingly, cell collectives, despite their finite size, show features of criticality known from phase transitions in physical systems. By comparing wild-type and mutant cells with impaired aggregation, we found the longest cell—cell communication distance in wild-type cells, suggesting that criticality provides an adaptive advantage and optimally sized aggregates for the dispersal of spores. A multiscale model and imaging data show that cells of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum maximize their cell—cell communication range during aggregation by a critical-like state known from phase transitions in physical systems. Cells are often coupled to each other in cell collectives, such as aggregates during early development, tissues in the developed organism, and tumors in disease. How do cells communicate over macroscopic distances much larger than the typical cell—cell distance to decide how they should behave? Here, we developed a multiscale model of social amoeba, spanning behavior from individuals to thousands of cells. We show that local cell—cell coupling via secreted chemicals may be tuned to a critical value, resulting in emergent long-range communication and heightened sensitivity. Hence, these aggregates are remarkably similar to bacterial biofilms and neuronal networks, all communicating in a pulselike fashion. Similar organizing principles may also aid our understanding of the remarkable robustness in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Palo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darvin Yi
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Lewis Siegler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Endres
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kaliman S, Jayachandran C, Rehfeldt F, Smith AS. Limits of Applicability of the Voronoi Tessellation Determined by Centers of Cell Nuclei to Epithelium Morphology. Front Physiol 2016; 7:551. [PMID: 27932987 PMCID: PMC5122581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that cells in the tissue can be regarded as tiles tessellating space. A number of approaches were developed to find an appropriate mathematical description of such cell tiling. A particularly useful approach is the so called Voronoi tessellation, built from centers of mass of the cell nuclei (CMVT), which is commonly used for estimating the morphology of cells in epithelial tissues. However, a study providing a statistically sound analysis of this method's accuracy is not available in the literature. We addressed this issue here by comparing a number of morphological measures of the cells, including area, perimeter, and elongation obtained from such a tessellation with identical measures extracted from direct imaging acquired by staining the cell membranes. After analyzing the shapes of 15,000 MDCK II epithelial cells under several conditions, we find that CMVT reasonably well reproduces many of the morphological properties of the tissue with an error that is between 10 and 15%. Moreover, cross-correlations between different morphological measures are reproduced qualitatively correctly by this method. However, all of the properties including the cell perimeters, number of neighbors, and anisotropy measures often suffer from systematic or size dependent errors. These discrepancies originate from the polygonal nature of the tessellation which sets the limits of the applicability of CMVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kaliman
- Physics Underlying Life Sciences Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cluster of Excellence: Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- Physics Underlying Life Sciences Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cluster of Excellence: Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany; Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute Ruđer BoškovićZagreb, Croatia
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Joo S, Oh SH, Sittadjody S, Opara EC, Jackson JD, Lee SJ, Yoo JJ, Atala A. The effect of collagen hydrogel on 3D culture of ovarian follicles. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:065009. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/6/065009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Paluch EK, Nelson CM, Biais N, Fabry B, Moeller J, Pruitt BL, Wollnik C, Kudryasheva G, Rehfeldt F, Federle W. Mechanotransduction: use the force(s). BMC Biol 2015; 13:47. [PMID: 26141078 PMCID: PMC4491211 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction - how cells sense physical forces and translate them into biochemical and biological responses - is a vibrant and rapidly-progressing field, and is important for a broad range of biological phenomena. This forum explores the role of mechanotransduction in a variety of cellular activities and highlights intriguing questions that deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Nicolas Biais
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Moeller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Laboratory, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Durand Building Rm 102, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Microsystems Laboratory, Stanford University, by courtesy, 496 Lomita Mall, Durand Building Rm 213, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Carina Wollnik
- Georg-August-University, 3rd Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Galina Kudryasheva
- Georg-August-University, 3rd Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Georg-August-University, 3rd Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Walter Federle
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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