1
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Shchukina A, Schwarz TC, Nowakowski M, Konrat R, Kazimierczuk K. Non-uniform sampling of similar NMR spectra and its application to studies of the interaction between alpha-synuclein and liposomes. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2023; 77:149-163. [PMID: 37237169 PMCID: PMC10406685 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-023-00418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accelerated acquisition of multidimensional NMR spectra using sparse non-uniform sampling (NUS) has been widely adopted in recent years. The key concept in NUS is that a major part of the data is omitted during measurement, and then reconstructed using, for example, compressed sensing (CS) methods. CS requires spectra to be compressible, that is, they should contain relatively few "significant" points. The more compressible the spectrum, the fewer experimental NUS points needed in order for it to be accurately reconstructed. In this paper we show that the CS processing of similar spectra can be enhanced by reconstructing only the differences between them. Accurate reconstruction can be obtained at lower sampling levels as the difference is sparser than the spectrum itself. In many situations this method is superior to "conventional" compressed sensing. We exemplify the concept of "difference CS" with one such case-the study of alpha-synuclein binding to liposomes and its dependence on temperature. To obtain information on temperature-dependent transitions between different states, we need to acquire several dozen spectra at various temperatures, with and without the presence of liposomes. Our detailed investigation reveals that changes in the binding modes of the alpha-synuclein ensemble are not only temperature-dependent but also show non-linear behavior in their transitions. Our proposed CS processing approach dramatically reduces the number of NUS points required and thus significantly shortens the experimental time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Shchukina
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas C Schwarz
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Zhang Z, Long M, Zheng N, Lü X, Zhu C, Osire T, Xia X. Inside Out Computational Redesign of Cavities for Improving Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Rhizomucor Miehei Lipase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0217222. [PMID: 36912632 PMCID: PMC10057959 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02172-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavities are created by hydrophobic interactions between residue side chain atoms during the folding of enzymes. Redesigning cavities can improve the thermostability and catalytic activity of the enzyme; however, the synergistic effect of cavities remains unclear. In this study, Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) was used as a model to explore volume fluctuation and spatial distribution changes of the internal cavities, which could reveal the roles of internal cavities in the thermostability and catalytic activity. We present an inside out cavity engineering (CE) strategy based on computational techniques to explore how changes in the volumes and spatial distribution of cavities affect the thermostability and catalytic activity of the enzyme. We obtained 12 single-point mutants, among which the melting temperatures (Tm) of 8 mutants showed an increase of more than 2°C. Sixteen multipoint mutations were further designed by spatial distribution rearrangement of internal cavities. The Tm of the most stable triple variant, with mutations including T21V (a change of T to V at position 21), S27A, and T198L (T21V/S27A/T198L), was elevated by 11.0°C, together with a 28.7-fold increase in the half-life at 65°C and a specific activity increase of 9.9-fold (up to 5,828 U mg-1), one of the highest lipase activities reported. The possible mechanism of decreased volumes and spatial rearrangement of the internal cavities improved the stability of the enzyme, optimizing the outer substrate tunnel to improve the catalytic efficiency. Overall, the inside out computational redesign of cavities method could help to deeply understand the effect of cavities on enzymatic stability and activity, which would be beneficial for protein engineering efforts to optimize natural enzymes. IMPORTANCE In the present study, R. miehei lipase, which is widely used in various industries, provides an opportunity to explore the effects of internal cavities on the thermostability and catalytic activity of enzymes. Here, we execute high hydrostatic pressure molecular dynamics (HP-MD) simulations to screen the critical internal cavity and reshape the internal cavities through site-directed mutation. We show that as the global internal cavity volume decreases, cavity rearrangement can improve the stability of the protein while optimizing the substrate channel to improve the catalytic efficiency. Our results provide significant insights into understanding the mechanism of action of the internal cavity. Our strategy is expected to be applied to other enzymes to promote increases in thermostability and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengfei Long
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiang Lü
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cailin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tolbert Osire
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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3
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Eldrid C, Cragnolini T, Ben-Younis A, Zou J, Raleigh DP, Thalassinos K. Linking Gas-Phase and Solution-Phase Protein Unfolding via Mobile Proton Simulations. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16113-16121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Eldrid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 1BJ, U.K
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Tristan Cragnolini
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, LondonWC1E 7HX, U.K
| | - Aisha Ben-Younis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Junjie Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Daniel P. Raleigh
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Bioscience, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, U.K
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, LondonWC1E 7HX, U.K
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4
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Puglisi R, Cioni P, Gabellieri E, Presciuttini G, Pastore A, Temussi PA. Heat and cold denaturation of yeast frataxin: The effect of pressure. Biophys J 2022; 121:1502-1511. [PMID: 35278425 PMCID: PMC9072581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yfh1 is a yeast protein with the peculiar characteristic to undergo, in the absence of salt, cold denaturation at temperatures above the water freezing point. This feature makes the protein particularly interesting for studies aiming at understanding the rules that determine protein fold stability. Here, we present the phase diagram of Yfh1 unfolding as a function of pressure (0.1-500 MPa) and temperature 278-313 K (5-40°C) both in the absence and in the presence of stabilizers using Trp fluorescence as a monitor. The protein showed a remarkable sensitivity to pressure: at 293 K, pressures around 10 MPa are sufficient to cause 50% of unfolding. Higher pressures were required for the unfolding of the protein in the presence of stabilizers. The phase diagram on the pressure-temperature plane together with a critical comparison between our results and those found in the literature allowed us to draw conclusions on the mechanism of the unfolding process under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Puglisi
- UK-DRI at King's College London, The Wohl Institute, London, (UK)
| | | | | | | | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK-DRI at King's College London, The Wohl Institute, London, (UK); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, (France).
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5
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Dreydoppel M, Balbach J, Weininger U. Monitoring protein unfolding transitions by NMR-spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2022; 76:3-15. [PMID: 34984658 PMCID: PMC9018662 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-021-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
NMR-spectroscopy has certain unique advantages for recording unfolding transitions of proteins compared e.g. to optical methods. It enables per-residue monitoring and separate detection of the folded and unfolded state as well as possible equilibrium intermediates. This allows a detailed view on the state and cooperativity of folding of the protein of interest and the correct interpretation of subsequent experiments. Here we summarize in detail practical and theoretical aspects of such experiments. Certain pitfalls can be avoided, and meaningful simplification can be made during the analysis. Especially a good understanding of the NMR exchange regime and relaxation properties of the system of interest is beneficial. We show by a global analysis of signals of the folded and unfolded state of GB1 how accurate values of unfolding can be extracted and what limits different NMR detection and unfolding methods. E.g. commonly used exchangeable amides can lead to a systematic under determination of the thermodynamic protein stability. We give several perspectives of how to deal with more complex proteins and how the knowledge about protein stability at residue resolution helps to understand protein properties under crowding conditions, during phase separation and under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dreydoppel
- Institute of Physics, Biophysics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jochen Balbach
- Institute of Physics, Biophysics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Weininger
- Institute of Physics, Biophysics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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6
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Harish B, Gillilan RE, Zou J, Wang J, Raleigh DP, Royer CA. Protein unfolded states populated at high and ambient pressure are similarly compact. Biophys J 2021; 120:2592-2598. [PMID: 33961866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the dimensions of pressure-unfolded states of proteins compared with those at ambient pressure is controversial; resolving this issue is related directly to the mechanisms of pressure denaturation. Moreover, a significant pressure dependence of the compactness of unfolded states would complicate the interpretation of folding parameters from pressure perturbation and make comparison to those obtained using alternative perturbation approaches difficult. Here, we determined the compactness of the pressure-unfolded state of a small, cooperatively folding model protein, CTL9-I98A, as a function of temperature. This protein undergoes both thermal unfolding and cold denaturation, and the temperature dependence of the compactness at atmospheric pressure is known. High-pressure small angle x-ray scattering studies, yielding the radius of gyration and high-pressure diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR experiments, yielding the hydrodynamic radius were carried out as a function of temperature at 250 MPa, a pressure at which the protein is unfolded. The radius of gyration values obtained at any given temperature at 250 MPa were similar to those reported previously at ambient pressure, and the trends with temperature are similar as well, although the pressure-unfolded state appears to undergo more pronounced expansion at high temperature than the unfolded state at atmospheric pressure. At 250 MPa, the compaction of the unfolded chain was maximal between 25 and 30°C, and the chain expanded upon both cooling and heating. These results reveal that the pressure-unfolded state of this protein is very similar to that observed at ambient pressure, demonstrating that pressure perturbation represents a powerful approach for observing the unfolded states of proteins under otherwise near-native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junjie Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Catherine A Royer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
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7
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Dubois C, Planelles-Herrero VJ, Tillatte-Tripodi C, Delbecq S, Mammri L, Sirkia EM, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Barthe P. Pressure and Chemical Unfolding of an α-Helical Bundle Protein: The GH2 Domain of the Protein Adaptor GIPC1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073597. [PMID: 33808390 PMCID: PMC8037465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When combined with NMR spectroscopy, high hydrostatic pressure is an alternative perturbation method used to destabilize globular proteins that has proven to be particularly well suited for exploring the unfolding energy landscape of small single-domain proteins. To date, investigations of the unfolding landscape of all-β or mixed-α/β protein scaffolds are well documented, whereas such data are lacking for all-α protein domains. Here we report the NMR study of the unfolding pathways of GIPC1-GH2, a small α-helical bundle domain made of four antiparallel α-helices. High-pressure perturbation was combined with NMR spectroscopy to unravel the unfolding landscape at three different temperatures. The results were compared to those obtained from classical chemical denaturation. Whatever the perturbation used, the loss of secondary and tertiary contacts within the protein scaffold is almost simultaneous. The unfolding transition appeared very cooperative when using high pressure at high temperature, as was the case for chemical denaturation, whereas it was found more progressive at low temperature, suggesting the existence of a complex folding pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dubois
- Centre de Biologie Structurale INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (C.D.); (C.T.-T.); (S.D.); (L.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Vicente J. Planelles-Herrero
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75248 Paris, France; (V.J.P.-H.); (E.M.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Camille Tillatte-Tripodi
- Centre de Biologie Structurale INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (C.D.); (C.T.-T.); (S.D.); (L.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Stéphane Delbecq
- Centre de Biologie Structurale INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (C.D.); (C.T.-T.); (S.D.); (L.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Léa Mammri
- Centre de Biologie Structurale INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (C.D.); (C.T.-T.); (S.D.); (L.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Elena M. Sirkia
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75248 Paris, France; (V.J.P.-H.); (E.M.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Virginie Ropars
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Université Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR144, 75248 Paris, France; (V.J.P.-H.); (E.M.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Christian Roumestand
- Centre de Biologie Structurale INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (C.D.); (C.T.-T.); (S.D.); (L.M.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Philippe Barthe
- Centre de Biologie Structurale INSERM U1054, CNRS UMR 5048, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (C.D.); (C.T.-T.); (S.D.); (L.M.); (P.B.)
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8
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Xu X, Gagné D, Aramini JM, Gardner KH. Volume and compressibility differences between protein conformations revealed by high-pressure NMR. Biophys J 2021; 120:924-935. [PMID: 33524371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins often interconvert between different conformations in ways critical to their function. Although manipulating such equilibria for biophysical study is often challenging, the application of pressure is a potential route to achieve such control by favoring the population of lower volume states. Here, we use this feature to study the interconversion of ARNT PAS-B Y456T, which undergoes a dramatic +3 slip in the β-strand register as it switches between two stably folded conformations. Using high-pressure biomolecular NMR approaches, we obtained the first, to our knowledge, quantitative data testing two key hypotheses of this process: the slipped conformation is both smaller and less compressible than the wild-type equivalent, and the interconversion proceeds through a chiefly unfolded intermediate state. Data collected in steady-state pressure and time-resolved pressure-jump modes, including observed pressure-dependent changes in the populations of the two conformers and increased rate of interconversion between conformers, support both hypotheses. Our work exemplifies how these approaches, which can be generally applied to protein conformational switches, can provide unique information that is not easily accessible through other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York; Ph.D Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York
| | - Donald Gagné
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York
| | - James M Aramini
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin H Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York; Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Biology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York.
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