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Xiao Y, Dong S, Pan C, Guo H, Tang L, Zhang X, Wang F. Effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation on depressive symptoms targeting prefrontal cortex in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies: a combined systematic review and meta-analysis. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2024; 4:kkae025. [PMID: 39659696 PMCID: PMC11629992 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) target for treating depression. However, the alterations of brain activations post-intervention remain inconsistent and the clinical moderators that could improve symptomatic effectiveness are unclear. The study aim was to systematically review the effectiveness of NIBS on depressive symptoms targeting PFC in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. In our study, we delivered a combined activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-regression. Until November 2020, three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE) were searched and 14 studies with a total sample size of 584 were included in the ALE meta-analysis; after NIBS, four clusters in left cerebrum revealed significant activation while two clusters in right cerebrum revealed significant deactivation (P < 0.001, cluster size >150 mm3). Eleven studies were statistically reanalyzed for depressive symptoms pre-post active-NIBS and the pooled effect size was very large [(d = 1.82, 95%CI (1.23, 2.40)]; significant moderators causing substantial heterogeneity (Chi squared = 75.25, P < 0.01; I 2 = 87%) were detected through subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression. Multivariate meta-regression was then conducted accordingly and the model suggested good fitness (Q = 42.32, P < 0.01). In all, NIBS targeting PFC balanced three core depressive-related neurocognitive networks (the salience network, the default mode network, and the central executive network); the striatum played a central role and might serve as a candidate treatment biomarker; gender difference, treatment-resistant condition, comorbidity, treatment duration, and localization all contributed to moderating depressive symptoms during NIBS. More high-quality, multi-center randomized controlled trails delivering personalized NIBS are needed for clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Kupferberg A, Hasler G. From antidepressants and psychotherapy to oxytocin, vagus nerve stimulation, ketamine and psychedelics: how established and novel treatments can improve social functioning in major depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1372650. [PMID: 39469469 PMCID: PMC11513289 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Social cognitive deficits and social behavior impairments are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and affect the quality of life and recovery of patients. This review summarizes the impact of standard and novel treatments on social functioning in MDD and highlights the potential of combining different approaches to enhance their effectiveness. Standard treatments, such as antidepressants, psychotherapies, and brain stimulation, have shown mixed results in improving social functioning, with some limitations and side effects. Newer treatments, such as intranasal oxytocin, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, have demonstrated positive effects on social cognition and behavior by modulating self-referential processing, empathy, and emotion regulation and through enhancement of neuroplasticity. Animal models have provided insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these treatments, such as the role of neuroplasticity. Future research should explore the synergistic effects of combining different treatments and investigate the long-term outcomes and individual differences in response to these promising interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kupferberg
- Molecular Psychiatry Lab, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Molecular Psychiatry Lab, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- University Psychiatry Research Unit, Freiburg Mental Health Network, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Department of Neuropsychology, Lake Lucerne Institute, Vitznau, Switzerland
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Huang Y, Jin Y, Yao S, Nan G, Mao Y. LncRNA NEAT1 Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis and Induces Neuronal Viability of Depressed Rats Via microRNA-320-3p/CRHR1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2352-2363. [PMID: 35075548 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been reported to be involved in depression. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of NEAT1/microRNA (miR)-320-3p/Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) axis in depressed rats. Rats with depression-like behaviors were prepared by exposing the rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Behavioral functions, pathological damage, neuronal apoptosis and monoamine neurotransmitter were examined in depressed rats . Primary hippocampal neurons were injured through simulation with corticosterone(CORT). Cell viability and apoptosis were measured in CORT-Induced hippocampal neurons. The binding relationship between NEAT1 and miR-320-3p and the targeting relationship between miR-320-3p and CRHR1 were detected. Elevated NEAT1, CRHR1 and reduced miR-320-3p exhibited in depressed rats and CORT-treated hippocampal neurons, NEAT1 bound to miR-320-3p to target CRHR1. Silencing NEAT1 or elevating miR-320-3p improved behavioral functions, attenuated pathological damage and apoptosis in the hippocampus, and increased monoamine neurotransmitter in depressed rats. Repression of NEAT1 or promotion of miR-320-3p enhanced viability and suppressed apoptosis of CORT-treated hippocampal neurons. The study highlights that NEAT1 competitively binds to miR-320-3p to up-regulate CRHR1 expression, thereby promoting hippocampal damage of depressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Associate Chief Physicia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Yinshi Jin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Guangxian Nan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Attending doctorNo. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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4
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Qiu X, He Z, Cao X, Zhang D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation affect explicit but not implicit emotion regulation: a meta-analysis. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:15. [PMID: 37726856 PMCID: PMC10510188 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the process through which people influence the occurrence, experience, and expression of emotions. It can be established in an explicit (voluntary) or implicit (automatic) way, both of which are essential for mental and physical well-being. Recent evidence has highlighted the potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to modulate ER. However, previous studies have only evaluated the effects of TMS and tDCS on explicit ER, leaving implicit ER relatively unexplored. In this review and meta-analysis, we systematically evaluated the effects of TMS and tDCS over the PFC on the two forms of ER, using both subjective and physiological response as outcome indicators. Twenty-seven studies were included in our study. Both subjective (Hedges' g = - 0.20) and physiological (Hedges' g = - 0.65) results indicated a significant effect of TMS and tDCS targeting PFC on down-regulation of explicit ER, but not implicit ER (Hedges' g = - 0.04). Moreover, moderation analysis indicated that the effect of TMS and tDCS on the down-regulating of subjective experience was moderated by several factors, including stimulation method, target area, target hemisphere, and stimulation timing. Specifically, our results showed that applying TMS or targeting the right PFC, particularly the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, or using offline TMS and tDCS produced a larger stimulation effect on ER. In summary, these findings suggest that TMS and tDCS has a positive effect on explicit, but not implicit ER. The distinct TMS and tDCS effect on the two forms of ER help deepen our understanding of TMS and tDCS use and provide valuable insights for the development of tailored TMS and tDCS protocols for explicit and implicit regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufu Qiu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhenhong He
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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5
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Sonkusare S, Qiong D, Zhao Y, Liu W, Yang R, Mandali A, Manssuer L, Zhang C, Cao C, Sun B, Zhan S, Voon V. Frequency dependent emotion differentiation and directional coupling in amygdala, orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex network with intracranial recordings. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 28:1636-1646. [PMID: 36460724 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) form a crucial part of the emotion circuit, yet their emotion induced responses and interactions have been poorly investigated with direct intracranial recordings. Such high-fidelity signals can uncover precise spectral dynamics and frequency differences in valence processing allowing novel insights on neuromodulation. Here, leveraging the unique spatio-temporal advantages of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) from a cohort of 35 patients with intractable epilepsy (with 71 contacts in amygdala, 31 in OFC and 43 in mPFC), we assessed the spectral dynamics and interactions between the amygdala, OFC and mPFC during an emotional picture viewing task. Task induced activity showed greater broadband gamma activity in the negative condition compared to positive condition in all the three regions. Similarly, beta activity was increased in the negative condition in the amygdala and OFC while decreased in mPFC. Furthermore, beta activity of amygdala showed significant negative association with valence ratings. Critically, model-based computational analyses revealed unidirectional connectivity from mPFC to the amygdala and bidirectional communication between OFC-amygdala and OFC-mPFC. Our findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence for a much-posited model of top-down influence of mPFC over amygdala and a bidirectional influence between OFC and the amygdala. Altogether, in a relatively large sample size with human intracranial neuronal recordings, we highlight valence-dependent spectral dynamics and dyadic coupling within the amygdala-mPFC-OFC network with implications for potential targeted neuromodulation in emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Sonkusare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Qiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luis Manssuer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikun Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Zhang Q, Li X, Liu X, Liu S, Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhu C, Wang K. The Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on the Downregulation of Negative Emotions: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:786. [PMID: 35741671 PMCID: PMC9221395 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotion regulation (ER) is regarded as a core treatment target for depression and other mental illnesses. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been extensively used as an intervention for mental illnesses, but there has been no systematic review conducted regarding its effect on emotion regulation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of NIBS for emotion regulation; (2) Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. We analyzed the effects of NIBS on tasks assessing emotion regulation using a random-effects model, and further explored the moderating role of the following factors on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies by conducting subgroup analyses and meta-regression: target electrode placement, return electrode placement, current intensity, target electrode size, and duration of intervention; (3) Results: A total of 17 studies were included. Our meta-analysis indicated a small but significant effect of NIBS on the downregulation of negative emotions. Separate analyses indicated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) had a medium and significant effect on the downregulation of negative emotions, whereas tDCS had no significant effect. Subgroup analyses showed that the effect of tDCS was moderated by target and return electrode placemen; (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that NIBS had a positive effect on the downregulation of negative emotions. The stimulation protocols should be carefully considered and the underlying mechanisms should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Xiaoming Li
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Xinying Liu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Mengzhu Zhang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Yueling Liu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230011, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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7
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Pizzagalli DA, Roberts AC. Prefrontal cortex and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:225-246. [PMID: 34341498 PMCID: PMC8617037 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has emerged as one of the regions most consistently impaired in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although functional and structural PFC abnormalities have been reported in both individuals with current MDD as well as those at increased vulnerability to MDD, this information has not translated into better treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we argue that dissecting depressive phenotypes into biologically more tractable dimensions - negative processing biases, anhedonia, despair-like behavior (learned helplessness) - affords unique opportunities for integrating clinical findings with mechanistic evidence emerging from preclinical models relevant to depression, and thereby promises to improve our understanding of MDD. To this end, we review and integrate clinical and preclinical literature pertinent to these core phenotypes, while emphasizing a systems-level approach, treatment effects, and whether specific PFC abnormalities are causes or consequences of MDD. In addition, we discuss several key issues linked to cross-species translation, including functional brain homology across species, the importance of dissecting neural pathways underlying specific functional domains that can be fruitfully probed across species, and the experimental approaches that best ensure translatability. Future directions and clinical implications of this burgeoning literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School & McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Montoro CI, Winterholler C, Terrasa JL, Montoya P. Somatosensory Gating Is Modulated by Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:651253. [PMID: 34557064 PMCID: PMC8452934 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.651253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the somatosensory cortex causes cerebral hyperexcitability and a significant enhancement in pain thresholds and tactile spatial acuity. Sensory gating is a brain mechanism to suppress irrelevant incoming inputs, which is elicited by presenting pairs of identical stimuli (S1 and S2) within short time intervals between stimuli (e.g., 500 ms). Objectives/Hypothesis The present study addressed the question of whether tDCS could modulate the brain correlates of this inhibitory mechanism. Methods Forty-one healthy individuals aged 18–26 years participated in the study and were randomly assigned to tDCS (n = 21) or SHAM (n = 20). Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) elicited by S1 and S2 pneumatic stimuli (duration of 100 ms, ISI 550 ± 50 ms) and applied to the index finger of the dominant hand were recorded before and after tDCS. Results Before the intervention, the second tactile stimuli significantly attenuated the amplitudes of P50, N100, and the late positive complex (LPC, mean amplitude in the time window 150–350) compared to the first stimuli. This confirmed that sensory gating is a widespread brain inhibitory mechanism that can affect early- and middle-latency components of SEPs. Furthermore, our data revealed that this response attenuation or sensory gating (computed as S1 minus S2) was improved after tDCS for LPC, while no changes were found in participants who received SHAM. Conclusion All these findings suggested that anodal tDCS might modulate brain excitability leading to an enhancement of inhibitory mechanisms elicited in response to repetitive somatosensory stimuli during late stages of information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra I Montoro
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Christine Winterholler
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Juan L Terrasa
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
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9
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Gupta T, Mittal VA. Transcranial direct current stimulation and emotion processing deficits in psychosis and depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:69-84. [PMID: 32488523 PMCID: PMC7704557 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Emotional processing deficits (EPDs) are commonly observed among individuals diagnosed with (1) psychotic disorders (2) and depression. Given that EPDs can impact overall functioning and quality of life, the need to identify effective interventions is critical. To date, our current understanding of treatments for these impairments is limited. However, there is increasing interest in investigating the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This neuromodulation technique releases a weak electrical current through the brain. Given research suggesting promise for using tDCS to improve symptoms and cognition across psychopathology, this approach may be useful for improving EPDs and related symptoms in psychosis and depression. In the current review, we provide an overview of the literature determining the effects of tDCS for EPDs and related symptoms in these groups. Furthermore, we highlight methodological advances and pinpoint potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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van Dam WO, Chrysikou EG. Effects of unilateral tDCS over left prefrontal cortex on emotion regulation in depression: Evidence from concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:14-34. [PMID: 33432545 PMCID: PMC8572372 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common mood disorder and a primary cause of disability worldwide. MDD symptomatology entails disturbances in emotion regulation, namely one's ability to modify the intensity and duration of emotional reactions towards affective events. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising treatment for MDD. Yet, positive tDCS outcomes vary across studies, while the precise effects of the procedure for cortical excitability in MDD during emotion regulation remain largely unexplored. Here, we leveraged functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible tDCS technology to examine the functional consequences of a unilateral anodal tDCS montage at 1.5 mA over left PFC (area F3; with the reference electrode over an extracephalic location) for brain activity during an emotion-regulation task in MDD patients and age-matched healthy control subjects. Our results revealed down-regulation of negative emotions in the right amygdala and visual cortex of healthy controls but not MDD patients prior to stimulation, the degree of which correlated with the magnitude of the participants' reappraisal scores. TDCS did not elicit significant changes in neural activation patterns for either group. These findings contribute to the literature on the pathophysiology of MDD by showing that a key disturbance in the disorder entails the ineffective down-regulation of activity not only within the amygdala, but also within visual cortical areas in response to negative information. Further, these results suggest that relative to bifrontal tDCS montages, unilateral stimulation of moderate intensity over left PFC may not be sufficient to elicit therapeutic effects for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel O van Dam
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Evangelia G Chrysikou
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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