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Barakizou H, Chaieb S. Familial Psychomotor Delay of an Uncommon Cause: Type II Congenital Methemoglobinemia. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2024; 18:11795565241229007. [PMID: 38303731 PMCID: PMC10832405 DOI: 10.1177/11795565241229007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Methemoglobinemia is due to oxidization of divalent ferro-iron of hemoglobin to ferri-iron of methemoglobin (MetHb) which is incapable of transferring oxygen to tissues. This disease may be acquired by intoxication with oxidizing agents or inherited with a mutation of CYB5R3, the gene coding for the methemoglobin reductase or cytochrome B5 reductase 3 responsible for the reduction of MetHb to hemoglobin. We report the case of 2 sisters aged respectively of 15 and 8 months. They were born to a second-degree consanguineous marriage with a history of precocious and unexplained deaths in 3 relatives. Both sisters presented neurological features including psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, and axial hypotonia. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral atrophy in both cases associated with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum in the younger child. The association of neurological disability, cyanosis, and hypoxemia prompted a search for methemoglobinemia, with MetHB levels respectively of 26% and 15.8%in the 2 sisters. Initial treatment was based on methylene blue, then ascorbic acid. The genetic study revealed a c.463+8G>C mutation of CYB5R3 confirming the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia type II. The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia, although rare, should be considered in the presence of psychomotor retardation with cyanosis and subacute onset hypoxemia, especially in the presence of a family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Barakizou
- Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Selma Chaieb
- Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Nicita F, Sabatini L, Alesi V, Lucignani G, Sallicandro E, Sferra A, Bertini E, Zanni G, Palumbo G. Neurological and Neuroimaging Features of CYB5R3-Related Recessive Hereditary Methemoglobinemia Type II. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020182. [PMID: 35203946 PMCID: PMC8870218 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia (RHM) due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in CYB5R3. Unlike type I, in RHM type II (RHM2), the enzymatic defect affects erythrocytes and all body tissues, thus resulting in cyanosis and neurological impairment. Although the first description of RHM2 dates back to the mid-1950s, detailed clinical and neuroimaging information are available for only a few patients. Here, we describe a new patient with RHM2 that harbors an unreported homozygous 31 Kb deletion involving part of CYB5R3, and showing a peculiar neuroimaging pattern resembling a ponto-cerebellar hypoplasia-like condition. A careful review of the available literature was performed with the aim of better delineating neurological and neuroimaging as well as the genotypic spectra of this extremely rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-68592105
| | - Letizia Sabatini
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children 5 Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Lucignani
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ester Sallicandro
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children 5 Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Antonella Sferra
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (E.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Chao MW, Kuo HC, Tong SY, Yang YS, Chuang YC, Tseng CY. In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of the Effects of 3,5-DMA and Its Metabolites in Neural Oxidative Stress and Neurodevelopmental Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:405-419. [PMID: 30590852 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3,5-Dimethylaniline (3,5-DMA), a monocyclic aromatic amine, is widely present in a spectrum of sources including tobacco, dyes, combustion products, and suspended particulates. 3,5-DMA and its metabolites form superoxides, resulting in apoptosis or oncogenesis. Data of a direct effect of 3,5-DMA on the nervous system, especially the developing brain, are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 3,5-DMA and its metabolites on fetal neurite growth and brain development using in vitro cell cultures of primary cortical neurons to observe whether these compounds caused neuronal cytotoxicity and affected neurite structural development. With increasing concentrations of 3,5-DMA (10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 μM) and its major metabolite 5-dimethylaminophenol (3,5-DMAP) (10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 μM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity, and DNA damage increased significantly in the cells and dendritic arborization decreased. The addition of 5 mM N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, reduced ROS in the cells and alleviated the neuronal damage. In vivo studies in Sprague Dawley pregnant rats suggested that exposure to 3,5-DMA (10, 30, 60, 100 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously from GD15 to GD17 led to fetal cerebral cortex thinning. BrdU labeling showed that 3,5-DMA reduced the number and generation of cortical cells. To detect the laminar position of newly generated neurons, cortex layer markers such as Satb2, Ctip2, and Tbr1 were used. 3,5-DMA perturbed the cortical layer distribution in developing fetal rats. In summary, this is the first study to provide evidence for 3,5-DMA and its metabolites causing anomalies of the fetal central nervous system development through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.,Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 33004, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Yu Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Tseng
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.,Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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Nicolas-Jilwan M. Recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II: Hypoplastic basal ganglia in two siblings with a novel mutation of the cytochrome b5 reductase gene. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:143-147. [PMID: 30614390 DOI: 10.1177/1971400918822153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II is a very rare autosomal recessive hematologic disorder due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, usually caused by full-stop mutations or deletions. This disease classically presents with mild neonatal cyanosis, early onset severe progressive developmental delay, movement disorders, and progressive microcephaly. We report two siblings with recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II whose evaluation revealed a novel p.Arg92Trp missense mutation of the CYB5R3 gene and a peculiar imaging finding of basal ganglia hypoplasia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed at age 10 months in the older sibling and at age three months in the younger sibling. It revealed similar findings of bilateral small size of the lentiform and caudate nuclei and reduced frontotemporal brain volume. Our patient cases highlight that basal ganglia hypoplasia is an interesting clue to the very rare and frequently unsuspected diagnosis of recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II, that may explain the associated movement disorders. The novel missense mutation is one of very few identified missense mutations known to cause severe type II recessive congenital methemoglobinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Nicolas-Jilwan
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
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Mannino EA, Pluim T, Wessler J, Cho MT, Juusola J, Schrier Vergano SA. Congenital methemoglobinemia type II in a 5-year-old boy. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:170-178. [PMID: 29375859 PMCID: PMC5771927 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Methemoglobinemia is a rare neurologic condition which can mimic other diseases such as epilepsy syndromes and leukodystrophies. The responsible gene, CYB5R3, is not typically included on commonly order neurologic and epilepsy panels. We recommend that laboratories include this gene on these tests which often precede larger-scale genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Pluim
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care MedicineNaval Medical Center PortsmouthPortsmouthVirginia
| | - Jacob Wessler
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyNaval Medical Center PortsmouthPortsmouthVirginia
| | | | | | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and MetabolismChildren's Hospital of The King's DaughtersNorfolkVirginia
- Department of PediatricsEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVirginia
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Ozcelik AA, Perk P, Dai A. Congenital methemoglobinemia type 2 and cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:217-9. [PMID: 26133947 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-015-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Aysima Ozcelik
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 3th floor, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Peren Perk
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 3th floor, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alper Dai
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 3th floor, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Devadathan K, Sreedharan M, Sarasam S, Colah RB, Kunju PAM. Neurometabolic disorder with microcephaly, dystonia, and central cyanosis masquerading as cerebral palsy. J Child Neurol 2014; 29:NP139-42. [PMID: 24413360 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813512026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases can be misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. The correct diagnosis is reached when the condition recurs in families or when there are specific clinical signs. The clinical and imaging features of 3 children, from 2 unrelated families, presenting with global developmental delay and dystonia are described, in whom the presence of cyanosis and methemoglobinemia confirmed the diagnosis of recessive hereditary methemoglobinemia type 2. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant cerebellar atrophy in 2 of the 3 babies. In dark-skinned children, this condition is underdiagnosed, as mild cyanosis is difficult to detect. Screening for methemoglobinemia in children with dystonia, microcephaly, and progressive cerebellar atrophy can be helpful in identifying more cases. As there is no curative treatment for this autosomal recessive condition, the exact diagnosis offers the best chance for prenatal screening, by detecting deficient NADH--cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme activity or by identifying the specific mutation in cultured amniotic fluid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Devadathan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mini Sreedharan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sanuja Sarasam
- Department of Pediatrics, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Roshan B Colah
- National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital campus, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - P A Mohammed Kunju
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Govt Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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