1
|
Manza P, Tomasi D, Vines L, Sotelo D, Yonga MV, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Brain connectivity changes to fast versus slow dopamine increases. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:924-932. [PMID: 38326458 PMCID: PMC11039764 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rewarding effects of stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (MP) depend crucially on how fast they raise dopamine in the brain. Yet how the rate of drug-induced dopamine increases impacts brain network communication remains unresolved. We manipulated route of MP administration to generate fast versus slow dopamine increases. We hypothesized that fast versus slow dopamine increases would result in a differential pattern of global brain connectivity (GBC) in association with regional levels of dopamine D1 receptors, which are critical for drug reward. Twenty healthy adults received MP intravenously (0.5 mg/kg; fast dopamine increases) and orally (60 mg; slow dopamine increases) during simultaneous [11C]raclopride PET-fMRI scans (double-blind, placebo-controlled). We tested how GBC was temporally associated with slow and fast dopamine increases on a minute-to-minute basis. Connectivity patterns were strikingly different for slow versus fast dopamine increases, and whole-brain spatial patterns were negatively correlated with one another (rho = -0.54, pspin < 0.001). GBC showed "fast>slow" associations in dorsal prefrontal cortex, insula, posterior thalamus and brainstem, caudate and precuneus; and "slow>fast" associations in ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and frontopolar cortex (pFDR < 0.05). "Fast>slow" GBC patterns showed significant spatial correspondence with D1 receptor availability (estimated via normative maps of [11C]SCH23390 binding; rho = 0.22, pspin < 0.05). Further, hippocampal GBC to fast dopamine increases was significantly negatively correlated with self-reported 'high' ratings to intravenous MP across individuals (r(19) = -0.68, pbonferroni = 0.015). Different routes of MP administration produce divergent patterns of brain connectivity. Fast dopamine increases are uniquely associated with connectivity patterns that have relevance for the subjective experience of drug reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah Vines
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana Sotelo
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele-Vera Yonga
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomasi D, Manza P, Yan W, Shokri-Kojori E, Demiral ŞB, Yonga MV, McPherson K, Biesecker C, Dennis E, Johnson A, Zhang R, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Examining the role of dopamine in methylphenidate's effects on resting brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314596120. [PMID: 38109535 PMCID: PMC10756194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314596120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and global functional connectivity density (gFCD) are fMRI (Functional MRI) metrics widely used to assess resting brain function. However, their differential sensitivity to stimulant-induced dopamine (DA) increases, including the rate of DA rise and the relationship between them, have not been investigated. Here we used, simultaneous PET-fMRI to examine the association between dynamic changes in striatal DA and brain activity as assessed by ALFF and gFCD, following placebo, intravenous (IV), or oral methylphenidate (MP) administration, using a within-subject double-blind placebo-controlled design. In putamen, MP significantly reduced D2/3 receptor availability and strongly reduced ALFF and increased gFCD in the brain for IV-MP (Cohen's d > 1.6) but less so for oral-MP (Cohen's d < 0.6). Enhanced gFCD was associated with both the level and the rate of striatal DA increases, whereas decreased ALFF was only associated with the level of DA increases. These findings suggest distinct representations of neurovascular activation with ALFF and gFCD by stimulant-induced DA increases with differential sensitivity to the rate and the level of DA increases. We also observed an inverse association between gFCD and ALFF that was markedly enhanced during IV-MP, which could reflect an increased contribution from MP's vasoactive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Weizheng Yan
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Şükrü Barış Demiral
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Michele-Vera Yonga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Katherine McPherson
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Catherine Biesecker
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Evan Dennis
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Allison Johnson
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LNI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang AR, Bell RP, An C, Tang R, Hall SA, Chan C, Al-Khalil K, Meade CS. Cocaine Use Prediction With Tensor-Based Machine Learning on Multimodal MRI Connectome Data. Neural Comput 2023; 36:107-127. [PMID: 38052079 PMCID: PMC11075092 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This letter considers the use of machine learning algorithms for predicting cocaine use based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) connectomic data. The study used functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) data collected from 275 individuals, which was then parcellated into 246 regions of interest (ROIs) using the Brainnetome atlas. After data preprocessing, the data sets were transformed into tensor form. We developed a tensor-based unsupervised machine learning algorithm to reduce the size of the data tensor from 275 (individuals) × 2 (fMRI and dMRI) × 246 (ROIs) × 246 (ROIs) to 275 (individuals) × 2 (fMRI and dMRI) × 6 (clusters) × 6 (clusters). This was achieved by applying the high-order Lloyd algorithm to group the ROI data into six clusters. Features were extracted from the reduced tensor and combined with demographic features (age, gender, race, and HIV status). The resulting data set was used to train a Catboost model using subsampling and nested cross-validation techniques, which achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.857 for identifying cocaine users. The model was also compared with other models, and the feature importance of the model was presented. Overall, this study highlights the potential for using tensor-based machine learning algorithms to predict cocaine use based on MRI connectomic data and presents a promising approach for identifying individuals at risk of substance abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anru R Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.
| | - Ryan P Bell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.
| | - Chen An
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A.
| | - Runshi Tang
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
| | - Shana A Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.
| | - Cliburn Chan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.
| | - Kareem Al-Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.
| | - Christina S Meade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manza P, Tomasi D, Shokri-Kojori E, Zhang R, Kroll D, Feldman D, McPherson K, Biesecker C, Dennis E, Johnson A, Yuan K, Wang WT, Yonga MV, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Neural circuit selective for fast but not slow dopamine increases in drug reward. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6408. [PMID: 37938560 PMCID: PMC10632365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The faster a drug enters the brain, the greater its addictive potential, yet the brain circuits underlying the rate dependency to drug reward remain unresolved. With simultaneous PET-fMRI we linked dynamics of dopamine signaling, brain activity/connectivity, and self-reported 'high' in 20 adults receiving methylphenidate orally (results in slow delivery) and intravenously (results in fast delivery) (trial NCT03326245). We estimated speed of striatal dopamine increases to oral and IV methylphenidate and then tested where brain activity was associated with slow and fast dopamine dynamics (primary endpoint). We then tested whether these brain circuits were temporally associated with individual 'high' ratings to methylphenidate (secondary endpoint). A corticostriatal circuit comprising the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and insula and their connections with dorsal caudate was activated by fast (but not slow) dopamine increases and paralleled 'high' ratings. These data provide evidence in humans for a link between dACC/insula activation and fast but not slow dopamine increases and document a critical role of the salience network in drug reward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Kroll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dana Feldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine McPherson
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Biesecker
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan Dennis
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison Johnson
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China
| | - Wen-Tung Wang
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele-Vera Yonga
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zilverstand A, Parvaz MA, Moeller SJ, Kalayci S, Kundu P, Malaker P, Alia-Klein N, Gümüş ZH, Goldstein RZ. Whole-brain resting-state connectivity underlying impaired inhibitory control during early versus longer-term abstinence in cocaine addiction. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3355-3364. [PMID: 37528227 PMCID: PMC10731999 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lapses in inhibitory control have been linked to relapse in human drug addiction. Evidence suggests differences in inhibitory control depending on abstinence duration, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that early abstinence (2-5 days) would be characterized by the strongest impairments of inhibitory control and most wide-spread deviations in resting-state functional connectivity of brain networks, while longer-term abstinence (>30 days) would be characterized by weaker impairments as compared to healthy controls. In this laboratory-based cross-sectional study, we compared individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder (iCUD) during early (cocaine urine-positive: N = 19, iCUD+; 32% female; mean age: 46.8 years) and longer-term abstinence (cocaine urine-negative: N = 29, iCUD-; 15% female; mean age: 46.6 years) to healthy controls (N = 33; 24% female; mean age: 40.9 years). We compared the groups on inhibitory control performance (Stop-Signal Task) and, using a whole-brain graph theory analysis (638 region parcellation) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we tested for group differences in resting-state brain function (local/global efficiency). We characterized how resting-state brain function was associated with inhibitory control performance within iCUD. Inhibitory control performance was worst in the early abstinence group, and intermediate in the longer-term abstinence group, as compared to the healthy control group (P < 0.01). More recent use of cocaine (CUD+ > CUD- > healthy controls) was characterized by decreased efficiency in fronto-temporal and subcortical networks (primarily in the salience, semantic, and basal ganglia networks) and increased efficiency in visual networks. Importantly, a similar functional connectivity pattern characterized impaired inhibitory control performance within iCUD (all brain analyses P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Together, we demonstrated that a similar pattern of systematic and widespread deviations in resting-state brain efficiency, extending beyond the networks commonly investigated in human drug addiction, is linked to both abstinence duration and inhibitory control deficits in iCUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Muhammad A Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Selim Kalayci
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ceretype Neuromedicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Tom and Anne Smith MD-PhD Program, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gattuso JJ, Perkins D, Ruffell S, Lawrence AJ, Hoyer D, Jacobson LH, Timmermann C, Castle D, Rossell SL, Downey LA, Pagni BA, Galvão-Coelho NL, Nutt D, Sarris J. Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:155-188. [PMID: 36272145 PMCID: PMC10032309 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychedelics are a unique class of drug that commonly produce vivid hallucinations as well as profound psychological and mystical experiences. A grouping of interconnected brain regions characterized by increased temporal coherence at rest have been termed the Default Mode Network (DMN). The DMN has been the focus of numerous studies assessing its role in self-referencing, mind wandering, and autobiographical memories. Altered connectivity in the DMN has been associated with a range of neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. To date, several studies have investigated how psychedelics modulate this network, but no comprehensive review, to our knowledge, has critically evaluated how major classical psychedelic agents-lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and ayahuasca-modulate the DMN. Here we present a systematic review of the knowledge base. Across psychedelics there is consistent acute disruption in resting state connectivity within the DMN and increased functional connectivity between canonical resting-state networks. Various models have been proposed to explain the cognitive mechanisms of psychedelics, and in one model DMN modulation is a central axiom. Although the DMN is consistently implicated in psychedelic studies, it is unclear how central the DMN is to the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelic agents. This article aims to provide the field with a comprehensive overview that can propel future research in such a way as to elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of psychedelics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Gattuso
- MDHS, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Perkins
- Psychae Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- MDHS, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Ruffell
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- MDHS, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura H Jacobson
- MDHS, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Broc A Pagni
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Nicole L Galvão-Coelho
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Nutt
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Psychae Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bijoch Ł, Klos J, Pawłowska M, Wiśniewska J, Legutko D, Szachowicz U, Kaczmarek L, Beroun A. Whole-brain tracking of cocaine and sugar rewards processing. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 36683039 PMCID: PMC9868126 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rewards, such as food, and sex are appetitive stimuli available for animals in their natural environment. Similarly, addictive rewards such as drugs of abuse possess strong, positive valence, but their action relies on their pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, it is believed that both of these kinds of rewards activate similar brain circuitry. The present study aimed to discover which parts of the brain process the experience of natural and addictive rewards. To holistically address this question, we used a single-cell whole-brain imaging approach to find patterns of activation for acute and prolonged sucrose and cocaine exposure. We analyzed almost 400 brain structures and created a brain-wide map of specific, c-Fos-positive neurons engaged by these rewards. Acute but not prolonged sucrose exposure triggered a massive c-Fos expression throughout the brain. Cocaine exposure on the other hand potentiated c-Fos expression with prolonged use, engaging more structures than sucrose treatment. The functional connectivity analysis unraveled an increase in brain modularity after the initial exposure to both types of rewards. This modularity was increased after repeated cocaine, but not sucrose, intake. To check whether discrepancies between the processing of both types of rewards can be found on a cellular level, we further studied the nucleus accumbens, one of the most strongly activated brain structures by both sucrose and cocaine experience. We found a high overlap between natural and addictive rewards on the level of c-Fos expression. Electrophysiological measurements of cellular correlates of synaptic plasticity revealed that natural and addictive rewards alike induce the accumulation of silent synapses. These results strengthen the hypothesis that in the nucleus accumbens drugs of abuse cause maladaptive neuronal plasticity in the circuitry that typically processes natural rewards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bijoch
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Klos
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Pawłowska
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Wiśniewska
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Legutko
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Szachowicz
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Beroun
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hall SA, Bell RP, Gadde S, Towe SL, Nadeem MT, McCann PS, Song AW, Meade CS. Strengthened and posterior-shifted structural rich-club organization in people who use cocaine. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109436. [PMID: 35413558 PMCID: PMC9948276 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with cocaine use disorder (CUD) often have abnormal cognitive function and brain structure. Cognition is supported by brain networks that typically have characteristics like rich-club organization, which is a group of regions that are highly connected across the brain and to each other, and small worldness, which is a balance between local and long-distance connections. However, it is unknown whether there are abnormalities in structural brain network connectivity of CUD. METHODS Using diffusion-weighted imaging, we measured structural connectivity in 37 people with CUD and 38 age-matched controls. We identified differences in rich-club organization and whether such differences related to small worldness and behavior. We also tested whether rich-club reorganization was associated with caudate and putamen structural connectivity due to the relevance of the dopamine system to cocaine use. RESULTS People with CUD had a higher normalized rich-club coefficient than controls, more edges connecting rich-club nodes to each other and to non-rich-club nodes, and fewer edges connecting non-rich-club nodes. Rich-club nodes were shifted posterior and lateral. Rich-club reorganization was related to lower clustered connectivity around individual nodes found in CUD, to increased impulsivity, and to a decrease in caudate connectivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with previous work showing increased rich-club connectivity in conditions associated with a hypofunctional dopamine system. The posterior shift in rich-club nodes in CUD suggests that the structural connectivity of posterior regions may be more impacted than previously recognized in models based on brain function and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shana A. Hall
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ryan P. Bell
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Syam Gadde
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center. Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheri L. Towe
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Muhammad Tauseef Nadeem
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter S. McCann
- Duke University Hospital. 2301 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Allen W. Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center. Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christina S. Meade
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Campus Box 102848, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center. Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith AP, Kelly TH, Lile JA, Martin CA, Ramirez MP, Wesley MJ. Exploratory examination of the effects of d-amphetamine on active-state functional connectivity: Influence of impulsivity and sensation-seeking status. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:194-208. [PMID: 33764102 PMCID: PMC8463640 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic research identified that individuals with higher impulsivity and sensation-seeking scores tend to report more positive subjective responses to stimulant drugs such as amphetamine. The current exploratory study hypothesized that differences in underlying mesocorticolimbic circuitry may mediate the relationship between personality and responses to stimulants due to its previously established implication in reward processes as well as the overlap between its dopaminergic projections and the pharmacodynamics of many stimulants. Forty participants (20 female) were recruited with relatively high- and low-impulsivity and sensation-seeking scores as defined by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (Form IIIR; Zuckerman, Kuhlman, Joireman, Teta, & Kraft, 1993) for a double-blind, placebo-controlled, intranasal amphetamine administration study conducted within an MRI scanner. Active state seed-to-voxel connectivity analyses assessed the effects of amphetamine, personality, subjective responses to amphetamine, and their interactions with mesocorticolimbic seeds on data collected during monetary incentive delay and go/no-go task performance. Results indicated that amphetamine administration largely disrupted brain activity as evidenced by connectivity values shifting toward no correlation among brain stem, striatal, and frontal cortex regions. Additionally, associations of impulsivity and connectivity between ventral tegmental and medial orbitofrontal as well as lateral orbitofrontal and putamen regions were inverted from negative to positive during the placebo and amphetamine conditions, respectively. Personality was unrelated to subjective responses to amphetamine. Results are interpreted as providing evidence of underlying differences in mesocorticolimbic circuitry being a potential target for requisite diagnostic and treatment strategies implicated with stimulant use disorders, but further research is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
10
|
Oxidative Stress and Cocaine Intoxication as Start Points in the Pathology of Cocaine-Induced Cardiotoxicity. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120317. [PMID: 34941752 PMCID: PMC8705810 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychomotor stimulants are the most commonly used prohibited substances after cannabis. Globally, their use reaches epidemiological proportions and is one of the most common causes of death in many countries. The use of illicit drugs has negative effects on the cardiovascular system and is one of the causes of serious cardiovascular pathologies, ranging from abnormal heart rhythms to heart attacks and sudden cardiac death. The reactive oxygen species generation, toxic metabolites formation, and oxidative stress play a significant role in cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present review is to assess acute and chronic cocaine toxicity by focusing on the published literature regarding oxidative stress levels. Hypothetically, this study can serve as a basis for developing a rapid and effective method for determining oxidative stress levels by monitoring changes in the redox status of patients with cocaine intoxication.
Collapse
|
11
|
Costumero V, Rosell Negre P, Bustamante JC, Fuentes‐Claramonte P, Adrián‐Ventura J, Palomar‐García M, Miró‐Padilla A, Llopis JJ, Sepulcre J, Barrós‐Loscertales A. Distance disintegration characterizes node-level topological dysfunctions in cocaine addiction. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13072. [PMID: 34137121 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations have used global graph theory measures in order to disentangle the complexity of the neural reorganizations occurring in cocaine use disorder (CUD). However, how these global topological alterations map into individual brain network areas remains unknown. In this study, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to investigate node-level topological dysfunctions in CUD. The sample was composed of 32 individuals with CUD and 32 healthy controls, matched in age, years of education and intellectual functioning. Graph theory measures of optimal connectivity distance, node strength, nodal efficiency and clustering coefficient were estimated in each participant using voxel-wise functional connectivity connectomes. CUD individuals as compared with healthy controls showed higher optimal connectivity distances in ventral striatum, insula, cerebellum, temporal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, middle frontal cortex and left hippocampus. Furthermore, clinical measures quantifying severity of dependence were positively related with optimal connectivity distances in the right rolandic operculum and the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, whereas length of abstinence was negatively associated with optimal connectivity distances in the right temporal pole and the left insula. Our results reveal a topological distancing of cognitive and affective related areas in addiction, suggesting an overall reduction in the communication capacity of these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Costumero
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology University Jaume I Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | - Patricia Rosell Negre
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology University Jaume I Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Adrián‐Ventura
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology University Jaume I Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | - María‐Ángeles Palomar‐García
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology University Jaume I Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | - Anna Miró‐Padilla
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology University Jaume I Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | - Juan José Llopis
- Addictive Behaviors Unit San Agustín Hospital General Universitario de Castellón Castellón de la Plana Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Alfonso Barrós‐Loscertales
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology University Jaume I Castellón de la Plana Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malina M, Keedy S, Weafer J, Van Hedger K, de Wit H. Effects of Methamphetamine on Within- and Between-Network Connectivity in Healthy Adults. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab063. [PMID: 34859242 PMCID: PMC8633740 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse remains an urgent public health problem. Understanding how the drug affects brain function will help to identify how it leads to abuse and dependence. Previous studies indicate that MA and other stimulants have complex effects on resting state functional connectivity. Here, we used a hypothesis-free approach to examine the acute effects of MA (20 mg oral) versus placebo on neural connectivity in healthy adults. Using networks identified by an independent component analysis with placebo data, we examined the effects of MA on connectivity within and between resting state networks. The drug did not significantly alter connectivity within networks. MA did alter connectivity between some networks: it increased connectivity between both the thalamus and cerebellum to sensorimotor and middle temporal gyrus. However, MA decreased connectivity between sensorimotor and middle temporal gyrus networks. MA produced its expected subjective effects, but these were not significantly related to connectivity. The findings extend our knowledge of how MA affects connectivity, by reporting that it affects between-network connectivity but not within-network connectivity. Future studies with other behavioral measures may reveal relationships between the neural and behavioral actions of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Malina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 MarylandAvenue, Chicago, IL 60637,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sarah Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 MarylandAvenue, Chicago, IL 60637,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 106-B Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Kathryne Van Hedger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637,Department of Clinical and Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, University Hospital, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Address correspondence to Harriet de Wit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Characterization of the Brain Functional Architecture of Psychostimulant Withdrawal Using Single-Cell Whole-Brain Imaging. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0208-19.2021. [PMID: 34580158 PMCID: PMC8570684 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0208-19.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous brain regions have been identified as contributing to withdrawal behaviors, but it is unclear the way in which these brain regions as a whole lead to withdrawal. The search for a final common brain pathway that is involved in withdrawal remains elusive. To address this question, we implanted osmotic minipumps containing either saline, nicotine (24 mg/kg/d), cocaine (60 mg/kg/d), or methamphetamine (4 mg/kg/d) for one week in male C57BL/6J mice. After one week, the minipumps were removed and brains collected 8 h (saline, nicotine, and cocaine) or 12 h (methamphetamine) after removal. We then performed single-cell whole-brain imaging of neural activity during the withdrawal period when brains were collected. We used hierarchical clustering and graph theory to identify similarities and differences in brain functional architecture. Although methamphetamine and cocaine shared some network similarities, the main common neuroadaptation between these psychostimulant drugs was a dramatic decrease in modularity, with a shift from a cortical-driven to subcortical-driven network, including a decrease in total hub brain regions. These results demonstrate that psychostimulant withdrawal produces the drug-dependent remodeling of functional architecture of the brain and suggest that the decreased modularity of brain functional networks and not a specific set of brain regions may represent the final common pathway associated with withdrawal.
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of Sex and Estrous Cycle on the Time Course of Incubation of Cue-Induced Craving following Extended-Access Cocaine Self-Administration. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0054-21.2021. [PMID: 34290059 PMCID: PMC8362687 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0054-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a devastating public health epidemic that continues to grow. Studies focused on identifying biological factors influencing cocaine craving and relapse vulnerability are necessary to promote abstinence in recovering drug users. Sex and ovarian hormones are known to influence cocaine addiction liability and relapse vulnerability in both humans and rodents. Previous studies have investigated sex differences in the time-dependent intensification or "incubation" of cue-induced cocaine craving that occurs during withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration and have identified changes across the rat reproductive cycle (estrous cycle). Female rats in the estrus stage of the cycle (Estrus Females), the phase during which ovulation occurs, show an increase in the magnitude of incubated cue-induced cocaine craving compared with females in all other phases of the estrous cycle (Non-Estrus Females). Here we extend these findings by assessing incubated craving across the estrous cycle during earlier withdrawal periods (withdrawal day 1 and 15) and later withdrawal periods (withdrawal day 48). We found that this increase in the magnitude of incubated craving during estrus (Estrus Females) is present on withdrawal day 15, but not on withdrawal day 1, and further increases by withdrawal day 48. No difference in the magnitude of incubated craving was observed between Males and Non-Estrus Females. Our data indicate that the effects of hormonal fluctuations on cue-induced cocaine craving intensify during the first month and a half of withdrawal, showing an interaction among abstinence length, estrous cycle fluctuations, and cocaine craving.
Collapse
|
15
|
Parr AC, Calabro F, Larsen B, Tervo-Clemmens B, Elliot S, Foran W, Olafsson V, Luna B. Dopamine-related striatal neurophysiology is associated with specialization of frontostriatal reward circuitry through adolescence. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 201:101997. [PMID: 33667595 PMCID: PMC8096717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing developmental changes in frontostriatal circuitry is critical to understanding adolescent development and can clarify neurobiological mechanisms underlying increased reward sensitivity and risk-taking and the emergence of psychopathology during this period. However, the role of striatal neurobiology in the development of frontostriatal circuitry through human adolescence remains largely unknown. We examined background connectivity during a reward-guided decision-making task ("reward-state"), in addition to resting-state, and assessed the association between age-related changes in frontostriatal connectivity and age-related changes in reward learning and risk-taking through adolescence. Further, we examined the contribution of dopaminergic processes to changes in frontostriatal circuitry and decision-making using MR-based assessments of striatal tissue-iron as a correlate of dopamine-related neurobiology. Connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral anterior cingulate, subgenual cingulate, and orbitofrontal cortices decreased through adolescence into adulthood, and decreases in reward-state connectivity were associated with improvements reward-guided decision-making as well as with decreases in risk-taking. Finally, NAcc tissue-iron mediated age-related changes and was associated with variability in connectivity, and developmental increases in NAcc R2' corresponded with developmental decreases in connectivity. Our results provide evidence that dopamine-related striatal properties contribute to the specialization of frontostriatal circuitry, potentially underlying changes in risk-taking and reward sensitivity into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Finnegan Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Samuel Elliot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Will Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| | - Valur Olafsson
- NUBIC, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 14213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang C, Song S, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Zilverstand A, Song H, Chen H, Zou Z. Altered brain network organization in romantic love as measured with resting-state fMRI and graph theory. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:2771-2784. [PMID: 31898089 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Romantic love is a complex state that has been seen as similar to addiction. Previous task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that being in love is closely associated with functional brain changes in the reward and motivation system. However, romantic love-related functional connectivity network organization in resting-state fMRI has yet to be elucidated. To that end, here we used resting-state fMRI and graph theory to compare whole-brain functional network topology between an "in-love" group (n = 34, 16 females, currently in love and in a romantic relationship) and a "single" group (n = 32, 14 females, never in love and not in a romantic relationship). Compared to the single group, we found lower network segregation in the love group (i.e., lower small-worldness, mean clustering coefficient, and modularity), and these metrics were negatively associated with scores on the Passionate Love Scale (PLS) (an index of intense passionate/romantic love). Additionally, the love group displayed altered connectivity degree (reflecting the importance of a node): decreased degree in left angular gyrus and left medial orbitofrontal cortex, but increased degree in left fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, local efficiency or degree of these regions was significantly correlated to PLS scores. Taken together, results showed decreased overall brain functional segregation but enhanced emotional-social processing in romantic lovers. These findings provide the first evidence of love-related brain network organization changes and suggest similar but different brain network alterations between romantic love and addiction, providing new insights on the neural systems underlying romantic love.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Sensen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Hongwen Song
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhiling Zou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Munshi S, Rosenkranz JA, Caccamise A, Wolf ME, Corbett CM, Loweth JA. Cocaine and chronic stress exposure produce an additive increase in neuronal activity in the basolateral amygdala. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12848. [PMID: 31750602 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder. Stress and cues related to cocaine are two common relapse triggers. We have recently shown that exposure to repeated restraint stress during early withdrawal accelerates the time-dependent intensification or "incubation" of cue-induced cocaine craving that occurs during the first month of withdrawal, although craving ultimately plateaus at the same level observed in controls. These data indicate that chronic stress exposure during early withdrawal may result in increased vulnerability to cue-induced relapse during this period. Previous studies have shown that chronic stress exposure in drug-naïve rats increases neuronal activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a region critical for behavioral responses to stress. Given that glutamatergic projections from the BLA to the nucleus accumbens are critical for the incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving, we hypothesized that cocaine withdrawal and chronic stress exposure produce separate increases that additively increase BLA neuronal activity. To assess this, we conducted in vivo extracellular single-unit recordings from the BLA of anesthetized adult male rats following cocaine or saline self-administration (6 h/day for 10 days) and repeated restraint stress or control conditions on withdrawal days (WD) 6-14. Recordings were conducted from WD15 to WD20. Interestingly, cocaine exposure alone increased the spontaneous firing rate in the BLA to levels observed following chronic stress exposure in drug-naïve rats. Chronic stress exposure during cocaine withdrawal further increased firing rate. These studies may identify a potential mechanism by which both cocaine and chronic stress exposure drive cue-induced relapse vulnerability during abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Munshi
- Department of Neuroscience Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
| | - J. Amiel Rosenkranz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
| | - Aaron Caccamise
- Department of Neuroscience Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee WI USA
| | - Marina E. Wolf
- Department of Neuroscience Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA
| | - Claire M. Corbett
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine Stratford NJ USA
| | - Jessica A. Loweth
- Department of Neuroscience Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine Stratford NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Common and distinct brain functional alterations in pharmacotherapy treatment-naïve female borderline personality disorder patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations: a pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1149-1157. [PMID: 32009225 PMCID: PMC8354887 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are experienced by approximately 25% of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Despite the high incidence, the pathological features of AVH in BPD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whole-brain functional connectivity (FC), as measured by functional connectivity density (FCD), and its relationship with AVH in BPD. 65 pharmacotherapy treatment-naïve female BPD patients (30 with AVH and 35 without AVH), and 35 female healthy controls were investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected to assess whole-brain FC and functional connectivity density mapping (FCDM) was applied to the fMRI data to compute FCD features. Compared to the healthy controls, both BPD groups (BPD-AVH and BPD without AVH) exhibited significantly higher gFCD values in the bilateral prefrontal lobe, bilateral orbital lobule, and bilateral insula, and significantly lower gFCD values in the SMA, right anterior temporal lobule, and the ACC. These altered regions were significantly associated with AVH in the BPD subjects. Moreover, higher gFCD values were observed in the left posterior temporal lobule and posterior frontal lobule. Aberrant alterations also emerged in the left posterior temporal lobule and posterior frontal lobule, mainly in Broca and Wernicke regions. Nevertheless, there was no significant correlation between gFCD values and the severity of AVH as measured by the AVH scores. In summary, we have identified aberrations in the FC and brain metabolism of the aforementioned neural circuits/networks, which may provide new insights into BPD-AVH and facilitate the development of therapeutic approaches for treating AVH in BPD patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yacoub E, Grier MD, Auerbach EJ, Lagore RL, Harel N, Adriany G, Zilverstand A, Hayden BY, Heilbronner SR, Uğurbil K, Zimmermann J. Ultra-high field (10.5 T) resting state fMRI in the macaque. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117349. [PMID: 32898683 PMCID: PMC7745777 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional connectivity refers to the temporal correlations between spontaneous hemodynamic signals obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This technique has demonstrated that the structure and dynamics of identifiable networks are altered in psychiatric and neurological disease states. Thus, resting state network organizations can be used as a diagnostic, or prognostic recovery indicator. However, much about the physiological basis of this technique is unknown. Thus, providing a translational bridge to an optimal animal model, the macaque, in which invasive circuit manipulations are possible, is of utmost importance. Current approaches to resting state measurements in macaques face unique challenges associated with signal-to-noise, the need for contrast agents limiting translatability, and within-subject designs. These limitations can, in principle, be overcome through ultra-high magnetic fields. However, imaging at magnetic fields above 7T has yet to be adapted for fMRI in macaques. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of high channel count transmitter and receiver arrays, optimized pulse sequences, and careful anesthesia regimens, allows for detailed single-subject resting state analysis at high resolutions using a 10.5 Tesla scanner. In this study, we uncover thirty spatially detailed resting state components that are highly robust across individual macaques and closely resemble the quality and findings of connectomes from large human datasets. This detailed map of the rsfMRI 'macaque connectome' will be the basis for future neurobiological circuit manipulation work, providing valuable biological insights into human connectomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Grier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Edward J Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Russell L Lagore
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Noam Harel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Gregor Adriany
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin Y Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sarah R Heilbronner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kamil Uğurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cruces-Solis H, Nissen W, Ferger B, Arban R. Whole-brain signatures of functional connectivity after bidirectional modulation of the dopaminergic system in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108246. [PMID: 32771528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While neuropsychiatric drugs influence neural activity across multiple brain regions, the current understanding of their mechanism of action derives from studies that investigate an influence of a given drug onto a pre-selected and small number of brain regions. To understand how neuropsychiatric drugs affect coordinated activity across brain regions and to detect the brain regions most relevant to pharmacological action in an unbiased way, studies that assess brain-wide neuronal activity are paramount. Here, we used whole-brain immunostaining of the neuronal activity marker cFOS, and graph theory to generate brain-wide maps of neuronal activity upon pharmacological challenges. We generated brain-wide maps 2.5 h after treatment of the atypical dopamine transporter inhibitor modafinil (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) or the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor tetrabenazine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg). Modafinil increased the number of cFOS positive neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, modafinil significantly reduced functional connectivity across the entire brain. Graph theory analysis revealed that modafinil decreased the node degree of cortical and subcortical regions at the three doses tested, followed by a reduction in global efficiency. Simultaneously, we identified highly interconnected hub regions that emerge exclusively upon modafinil treatment. These regions were the mediodorsal thalamus, periaqueductal gray, subiculum, and rhomboid nucleus. On the other hand, while tetrabenazine had mild effects on cFOS counts, it reduced functional connectivity across the entire brain, cortical node degree, and global efficiency. As hub regions, we identified the substantia innominata and ventral pallidum. Our results uncovered novel mechanisms of action at a brain-wide scale for modafinil and tetrabenazine. Our analytical approach offers a tool to characterize signatures of whole-brain functional connectivity for drug candidates and to identify potential undesired effects at a mesoscopic scale. Additionally, it offers a guide towards targeted experiments on newly identified hub regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cruces-Solis
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Nissen
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany
| | - Boris Ferger
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany
| | - Roberto Arban
- Central Nervous System Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach Riß, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Smith LC, Kimbrough A. Leveraging Neural Networks in Preclinical Alcohol Research. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E578. [PMID: 32825739 PMCID: PMC7565429 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a pervasive healthcare issue with significant socioeconomic consequences. There is a plethora of neural imaging techniques available at the clinical and preclinical level, including magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional (3D) tissue imaging techniques. Network-based approaches can be applied to imaging data to create neural networks that model the functional and structural connectivity of the brain. These networks can be used to changes to brain-wide neural signaling caused by brain states associated with alcohol use. Neural networks can be further used to identify key brain regions or neural "hubs" involved in alcohol drinking. Here, we briefly review the current imaging and neurocircuit manipulation methods. Then, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies using network-based approaches related to substance use disorders and alcohol drinking. Finally, we discuss how preclinical 3D imaging in combination with network approaches can be applied alone and in combination with other approaches to better understand alcohol drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, MC 0667, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, MC 0667, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tomasi D, Volkow ND. Association Between Brain Activation and Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1984-1996. [PMID: 29668865 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the "resting-state" brain activity recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is still uncertain. Here we provide evidence for the neurovascular origins of the amplitude of the low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and the local functional connectivity density (lFCD) by comparing them with task-induced blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses, which are considered a proxy for neuronal activation. Using fMRI data for 2 different tasks (Relational and Social) collected by the Human Connectome Project in 426 healthy adults, we show that ALFF and lFCD have linear associations with the BOLD response. This association was significantly attenuated by a novel task signal regression (TSR) procedure, indicating that task performance enhances lFCD and ALFF in activated regions. We also show that lFCD predicts BOLD activation patterns, as was recently shown for other functional connectivity metrics, which corroborates that resting functional connectivity architecture impacts brain activation responses. Thus, our findings indicate a common source for BOLD responses, ALFF and lFCD, which is consistent with the neurovascular origin of local hemodynamic synchrony presumably reflecting coordinated fluctuations in neuronal activity. This study also supports the development of task-evoked functional connectivity density mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Intrinsic connections between thalamic sub-regions and the lateral prefrontal cortex are differentially impacted by acute methylphenidate. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1873-1883. [PMID: 32307560 PMCID: PMC7437544 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thalamus is a major target of dopaminergic projections and is densely connected with the prefrontal cortex. A better understanding of how dopamine changes thalamo-cortical communication may shed light on how dopamine supports cognitive function. Methylphenidate has been shown to facilitate cognitive processing and reduce connectivity between the thalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex. AIMS The thalamus is a heterogeneous structure, and the present study sought to clarify how the intrinsic connections of thalamic sub-regions are differentially impacted by acute dopamine transporter blockade. METHODS Sixty healthy volunteers were orally administered either 20 mg of methylphenidate (N = 29) or placebo (N = 31) in a double-blind, randomized, between-subject design. Multi-echo fMRI was used to assess intrinsic functional connectivity of sub-regions of the thalamus during a resting state scan. An N-back working-memory paradigm provided a measure of cognitive performance. RESULTS Acute methylphenidate significantly reduced connectivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex with the motor and somatosensory sub-regions of the thalamus and reduced connectivity with the parietal and visual sub-regions at a trend level. Connectivity with the premotor, prefrontal, and temporal sub-regions was not impacted. The intrinsic connectivity between the thalamus and the lateral prefrontal cortex was not associated with working-memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Methylphenidate decreases functional connections between the lateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus broadly, while sparing intrinsic connectivity with thalamic sub-regions involved with working-memory and language related processes. Collectively, our results suggest that the dopamine transporter regulates functional connections between the prefrontal cortex and non-cognitive areas of the thalamus.
Collapse
|
24
|
Picon FA, Sato JR, Anés M, Vedolin LM, Mazzola AA, Valentini BB, Cupertino RB, Karam RG, Victor MM, Breda V, Silva K, da Silva N, Bau CHD, Grevet EH, Rohde LAP. Methylphenidate Alters Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network in Drug-Naive Male Adults With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:447-455. [PMID: 30526190 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718816822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the hypothesis that methylphenidate immediate release (MPH-IR) treatment would improve Default Mode Network (DMN) within-connectivity. Method: Resting-state functional connectivity of the main nodes of DMN was evaluated in a highly homogeneous sample of 18 drug-naive male adult participants with ADHD. Results: Comparing resting-state functional connectivity functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) scans before and after MPH treatment focusing exclusively on within-DMN connectivity, we evidenced the strengthening of functional connectivity between two nodes of the DMN: posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and left lateral parietal cortex (LLP). Conclusion: Our results contribute to the further understanding on how MPH affects functional connectivity within DMN of male adults with ADHD and corroborate the hypothesis of ADHD being a delayed neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Almeida Picon
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil.,Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Maurício Anés
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Basso Cupertino
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gomes Karam
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Moraes Victor
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vitor Breda
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Katiane Silva
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Neivo da Silva
- Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Paim Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program - Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, CNPq, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brain-wide functional architecture remodeling by alcohol dependence and abstinence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2149-2159. [PMID: 31937658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909915117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are key factors in the development of alcohol use disorder, which is a pervasive societal problem with substantial economic, medical, and psychiatric consequences. Although our understanding of the neurocircuitry that underlies alcohol use has improved, novel brain regions that are involved in alcohol use and novel biomarkers of alcohol use need to be identified. The present study used a single-cell whole-brain imaging approach to 1) assess whether abstinence from alcohol in an animal model of alcohol dependence alters the functional architecture of brain activity and modularity, 2) validate our current knowledge of the neurocircuitry of alcohol abstinence, and 3) discover brain regions that may be involved in alcohol use. Alcohol abstinence resulted in the whole-brain reorganization of functional architecture in mice and a pronounced decrease in modularity that was not observed in nondependent moderate drinkers. Structuring of the alcohol abstinence network revealed three major brain modules: 1) extended amygdala module, 2) midbrain striatal module, and 3) cortico-hippocampo-thalamic module, reminiscent of the three-stage theory. Many hub brain regions that control this network were identified, including several that have been previously overlooked in alcohol research. These results identify brain targets for future research and demonstrate that alcohol use and dependence remodel brain-wide functional architecture to decrease modularity. Further studies are needed to determine whether the changes in coactivation and modularity that are associated with alcohol abstinence are causal features of alcohol dependence or a consequence of excessive drinking and alcohol exposure.
Collapse
|
26
|
Demiral ŞB, Tomasi D, Wiers CE, Manza P, Shokri-Kojori E, Studentsova Y, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Methylphenidate's effects on thalamic metabolism and functional connectivity in cannabis abusers and healthy controls. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1389-1397. [PMID: 30504928 PMCID: PMC6785138 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line treatment for ADHD and is also misused as a purported cognitive enhancer, yet its effects on brain function are still poorly understood. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that MPH altered cortico-striatal resting functional connectivity (RFC). Here we investigated the effects of MPH in thalamic connectivity since the thalamus modulates striato-cortical signaling. We hypothesized that MPH would increase thalamic connectivity and metabolism, and that this response would be blunted in cannabis abusers. For this purpose, we measured RFC in seven thalamic nuclei using fMRI and brain glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in sixteen healthy controls and thirteen participants with cannabis use disorder (CUD) twice after placebo and after MPH (0.5 mg/kg, iv). MPH significantly increased thalamo-cerebellar connectivity and cerebellar metabolism to the same extent in both groups. Group comparisons revealed that in CUD compared to controls, metabolism in nucleus accumbens was lower for the placebo and MPH measures, that MPH-induced increases in thalamic metabolism were blunted, and that enhanced negative connectivity between thalamus and accumbens in CUD was normalized by MPH (reducing negative connectivity). Our findings identify the thalamus as a target of MPH, which increased its metabolism and connectivity. The reduced metabolism in nucleus accumbens and the disrupted thalamo-accumbens connectivity (enhanced negative connectivity) in CUD is consistent with impaired reactivity of the brain reward's circuit. MPH's normalization of thalamo-accumbens connectivity (reduced negative connectivity) brings forth its potential therapeutic value in CUD, which merits investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Barış Demiral
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Peter Manza
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yana Studentsova
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wilcox CE, Abbott CC, Calhoun VD. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in substance use disorders and treatment implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 91:79-93. [PMID: 29953936 PMCID: PMC6309756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are diseases of the brain, characterized by aberrant functioning in the neural circuitry of the brain. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) can illuminate these functional changes by measuring the temporal coherence of low-frequency fluctuations of the blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging signal in contiguous or non-contiguous regions of the brain. Because this data is easy to obtain and analyze, and therefore fairly inexpensive, it holds promise for defining biological treatment targets in SUD, which could help maximize the efficacy of existing clinical interventions and develop new ones. In an effort to identify the most likely "treatment targets" obtainable with rsFC we summarize existing research in SUD focused on 1) the relationships between rsFC and functionality within important psychological domains which are believed to underlie relapse vulnerability 2) changes in rsFC from satiety to deprived or abstinent states 3) baseline rsFC correlates of treatment outcome and 4) changes in rsFC induced by treatment interventions which improve clinical outcomes and reduce relapse risk. Converging evidence indicates that likely "treatment target" candidates, emerging consistently in all four sections, are reduced connectivity within executive control network (ECN) and between ECN and salience network (SN). Other potential treatment targets also show promise, but the literature is sparse and more research is needed. Future research directions include data-driven prediction analyses and rsFC analyses with longitudinal datasets that incorporate time since last use into analysis to account for drug withdrawal. Once the most reliable biological markers are identified, they can be used for treatment matching, during preliminary testing of new pharmacological compounds to establish clinical potential ("target engagement") prior to carrying out costly clinical trials, and for generating hypotheses for medication repurposing.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to identify a brain-based predictor of cocaine abstinence by using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a recently developed machine learning approach. CPM is a predictive tool and a method of identifying networks that underlie specific behaviors ("neural fingerprints"). METHODS Fifty-three individuals participated in neuroimaging protocols at the start of treatment for cocaine use disorder, and again at the end of 12 weeks of treatment. CPM with leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to identify pretreatment networks that predicted abstinence (percent cocaine-negative urine samples during treatment). Networks were applied to posttreatment functional MRI data to assess changes over time and ability to predict abstinence during follow-up. The predictive ability of identified networks was then tested in a separate, heterogeneous sample of individuals who underwent scanning before treatment for cocaine use disorder (N=45). RESULTS CPM predicted abstinence during treatment, as indicated by a significant correspondence between predicted and actual abstinence values (r=0.42, df=52). Identified networks included connections within and between canonical networks implicated in cognitive/executive control (frontoparietal, medial frontal) and in reward responsiveness (subcortical, salience, motor/sensory). Connectivity strength did not change with treatment, and strength at posttreatment assessment also significantly predicted abstinence during follow-up (r=0.34, df=39). Network strength in the independent sample predicted treatment response with 64% accuracy by itself and 71% accuracy when combined with baseline cocaine use. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that individual differences in large-scale neural networks contribute to variability in treatment outcomes for cocaine use disorder, and they identify specific abstinence networks that may be targeted in novel interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510,Location of work and address for correspondence: Sarah W. Yip, 1 Church Street, Suite 731, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Tel: (203) 704-7588;
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510,Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510,Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, 06519
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Electronic-Sports Experience Related to Functional Enhancement in Central Executive and Default Mode Areas. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:1940123. [PMID: 30804989 PMCID: PMC6362490 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1940123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic-sports (e-sports) is a form of organized, online, multiplayer video game competition, which requires both action skills and the ability and process of forming and adapting a strategy (referred to as strategization hereafter) to achieve goals. Over the past few decades, research has shown that video gaming experience has an important impact on the plasticity of the sensorimotor, attentional, and executive brain areas. However, little research has examined the relationship between e-sports experience and the plasticity of brain networks that are related to strategization. Using resting-state fMRI data and the local functional connectivity density (lFCD) analysis, this study investigated the relationship between e-sports experience (League of Legends [LOL] in this study) and brain plasticity by comparing between top-ranking LOL players and lower-ranking (yet experienced) LOL players. Results showed that the top-ranking LOL players had superior local functional integration in the executive areas compared to lower-ranking players. Furthermore, the top-ranking players had higher lFCD in the default mode areas, which have been found related to various subprocesses (e.g., memory and planning) essential for strategization. Finally, the top-ranking players' lFCD was related to their LOL expertise rank level, as indicated by a comprehensive score assigned by the gaming software based on players' gaming experience and expertise. Thus, the result showed that the local functional connectivity in central executive and default mode brain areas was enhanced in the top-ranking e-sports players, suggesting that e-sports experience is related to the plasticity of the central executive and default mode areas.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li G, Ji G, Hu Y, Xu M, Jin Q, Liu L, von Deneen KM, Zhao J, Chen A, Cui G, Wang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Shokri-Kojori E, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Wang GJ. Bariatric surgery in obese patients reduced resting connectivity of brain regions involved with self-referential processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4755-4765. [PMID: 30062852 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals exhibit brain alterations of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) integrity of resting-state networks (RSNs) related to food intake. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for combating morbid obesity. How bariatric surgery influences neurocircuitry is mostly unknown. Functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was employed to calculate local (lFCD)/global (gFCD) voxelwise connectivity metrics in 22 obese participants who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and 1 month after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and in 19 obese controls (Ctr) without surgery but tested twice (baseline and 1-month later). Two factor (group, time) repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess main and interaction effects in lFCD/gFCD; regions of interest were identified for subsequent seed to voxel connectivity analyses to assess resting-state functional connectivity and to examine association with weight loss. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased lFCD in VMPFC, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and decreased gFCD in VMPFC, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right insula (pFWE < .05). lFCD decreased in VMPFC and PCC/precuneus correlated with reduction in BMI after surgery. Seed to voxel connectivity analyses showed the VMPFC had stronger connectivity with left DLPFC and weaker connectivity with hippocampus/parahippocampus, and PCC/precuneus had stronger connectivity with right caudate and left DLPFC after surgery. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased FCD in regions involved in self-referential processing (VMPFC, DMPFC, dACC, and precuneus), and interoception (insula), and changes in VMPFC/precuneus were associated with reduction in BMI suggesting a role in improving control of eating behaviors following surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingchao Jin
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jizheng Zhao
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li W, Zhang J, Zhou C, Hou W, Hu J, Feng H, Zheng X. Abnormal Functional Connectivity Density in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:215. [PMID: 30065647 PMCID: PMC6056617 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuro-degenerative disorder that also damages extra-motor neural pathways. A significant proportion of existing evidence describe alterations in the strengths of functional connectivity, whereas the changes in the density of these functional connections have not been explored. Therefore, our study seeks to identify ALS-induced alternations in the resting-state functional connectivity density (FCD). Methods: Two groups comprising of 38 ALS patients and 35 healthy participants (age and gender matched) were subjected to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. An ultra-fast graph theory method known as FCD mapping was utilized to calculate the voxel-wise short- and long-range FCD values of the brain for each participant. FCD values of patients and controls were compared based on voxels in order to discern cerebral regions that possessed significant FCD alterations. For areas demonstrating a group effect of atypical FCD in ALS, seed-based functional connectivity analysis was then investigated. Partial correlation analyses were carried out between aberrant FCDs and several clinical variables, controlling for age, gender, and total intracranial volume. Results: Patients with ALS were found to have decreased short-range FCD in the primary motor cortex and increased long-range FCD in the premotor cortex. Extra-motor areas that also displayed extensive FCD alterations encompassed the temporal cortex, insula, cingulate gyrus, occipital cortex, and inferior parietal lobule. Seed-based correlation analysis further demonstrated that these regions also possessed disrupted functional connectivity. However, no significant correlations were identified between aberrant FCDs and clinical variables. Conclusion: FCD changes in the regions identified represent communication deficits and impaired functional brain dynamics, which might underlie the motor, motor control, language, visuoperceptual and high-order cognitive deficits in ALS. These findings support the fact that ALS is a disorder affecting multiple systems. We gain a deeper insight of the neural mechanisms underlying ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China.,Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ide JS, Hu S, Zhornitsky S, Wang W, Dong G, Tang X, Li CSR. Dynamic network dysfunction in cocaine dependence: Graph theoretical metrics and stop signal reaction time. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:793-801. [PMID: 29876265 PMCID: PMC5988015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphic theoretical metrics have become increasingly popular in characterizing functional connectivity of neural networks and how network connectivity is compromised in neuropsychiatric illnesses. Here, we add to this literature by describing dynamic network connectivities of 78 cocaine dependent (CD) and 85 non-drug using healthy control (HC) participants who underwent fMRI during performance of a stop signal task (SST). Compared to HC, CD showed prolonged stop signal reaction time (SSRT), consistent with deficits in response inhibition. In graph theoretical analysis of dynamic functional connectivity, we examined temporal flexibility and spatiotemporal diversity of 14 networks covering the whole brain. Temporal flexibility quantifies how frequently a brain region interacts with regions of other communities across time, with high temporal flexibility indicating that a region interacts predominantly with regions outside its own community. Spatiotemporal diversity quantifies how uniformly a brain region interacts with regions in other communities over time, with high spatiotemporal diversity indicating that the interactions are more evenly distributed across communities. Compared to HC, CD exhibited decreased temporal flexibility and increased spatiotemporal diversity in the great majority of neural networks. The graph metric measures of the default mode network negatively correlated with SSRT in CD but not HC. The findings are consistent with diminished temporal flexibility and a compensatory increase in spatiotemporal diversity, in association with impairment of a critical executive function, in cocaine addiction. More broadly, the findings suggest that graph theoretical metrics provide new insights for connectivity analyses to elucidate network dysfunction that may elude conventional measures. Cocaine addiction (CA) is associated with prolonged stop signal reaction time (SSRT). CA is associated with decreased temporal flexibility (TF) of neural networks. CA is associated with increased spatial temporal diversity (STD) of neural networks. The TF and STD of default mode network correlated negatively with SSRT in CA. Dynamic connectivity captures network dysfunction in link with inhibition deficits in CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Oswego, NY, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guozhao Dong
- Department of Biomedical engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biomedical engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate increases brain resting-state functional connectivity of the salience network and dorsal nexus in humans. Neuroimage 2018. [PMID: 29524621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the triple network hypothesis the brain is equipped with three core neurocognitive networks: the default mode (DMN), the salience (SN), and the central executive (CEN) network. Moreover, the so called dorsal nexus, has met growing interest as it is a hub region connecting these three networks. Assessment of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of these networks enables the elucidation of drug-induced brain alterations. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a GHB/GABA-B receptor agonist that induces a paradoxical state of mixed stimulation and sedation at moderate doses, which makes it a valuable tool to investigate neural signatures of subjective drug effects. Employing a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, we assessed the effects of GHB (35 mg/kg p. o.) in 19 healthy male subjects on DMN-, SN-, CEN-, and dorsal nexus-rsFC measured by functional magnet resonance imaging and applying independent component as well as seed-based analyses, while subjective drug effects were investigated using visual analog scales (VAS). Subjectively, GHB increased VAS ratings of a general drug effect, stimulation, and sedation. Intrinsic DMN-, and CEN-rsFC remained largely unchanged under GHB, but the drug increased SN-DMN-rsFC and SN-dorsal nexus-rsFC, while dorsal nexus-rsFC was reciprocally increased to both the SN (right anterior insula) and to the CEN (right middle frontal gyrus). Increased sedation significantly predicted the observed SN-dorsal nexus-rsFC. In conclusion, GHB generates a unique stimulant/sedative subjective state that is paralleled by a complex pattern of increased functional connectivity encompassing all three core neurocognitive networks of the brain, while increased SN-dorsal nexus-rsFC was demonstrated to be a potential signature of the sedative component of the drug effect.
Collapse
|
34
|
Balducci T, González-Olvera JJ, Angeles-Valdez D, Espinoza-Luna I, Garza-Villarreal EA. Borderline Personality Disorder With Cocaine Dependence: Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Amygdala Functional Connectivity. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 30108525 PMCID: PMC6079279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Borderline personality disorder is present in 19% of cocaine dependence cases; however, this dual pathology is poorly understood. We wished to characterize the dual pathology and find its functional connectivity correlates to better understand it. Methods: We recruited 69 participants divided into 4 groups: dual pathology (n = 20), cocaine dependence without borderline personality disorder (n = 19), borderline personality without cocaine dependence (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 20). We used self-reported instruments to measure impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. We acquired resting state fMRI and performed seed-based analyses of the functional connectivity of bilateral amygdala. Results: Borderline personality disorder and cocaine dependence as factors had opposing effects in impulsivity and emotional dysregulation, as well as on functional connectivity between left amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, in the functional connectivity between right amygdala and left insula, the effect of having both disorders was instead additive, reducing functional connectivity strength. The significant functional connectivity clusters were correlated with impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: In this study, we found that clinical scores of dual pathology patients were closer to those of borderline personality disorder without cocaine dependence than to those of cocaine dependence without borderline personality disorder, while amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity patterns in dual pathology patients were closer to healthy controls than expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thania Balducci
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge J González-Olvera
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Angeles-Valdez
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Espinoza-Luna
- Clinical Services Division, Psychiatric Hospital "Fray Bernardino Álvarez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND. Subcortical Local Functional Hyperconnectivity in Cannabis Dependence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:285-293. [PMID: 29486870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis abuse (CA) has been associated with psychopathology, including negative emotionality and higher risk of psychosis, particularly with early age of initiation. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Because aberrant dopamine signaling is implicated in cannabis-associated psychopathology, we hypothesized that regular CA would be associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity in dopamine midbrain-striatal circuits. METHODS We examined resting-state brain activity of subcortical regions in 441 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, including 30 subjects with CA meeting DSM-IV criteria for dependence and 30 control subjects matched on age, sex, education, body mass index, anxiety, depression, and alcohol and tobacco usage. RESULTS Across all subjects, local functional connectivity density hubs in subcortical regions were most prominent in ventral striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal midbrain, and posterior-ventral brainstem. As hypothesized, subjects with CA showed markedly increased local functional connectivity density relative to control subjects, not only in ventral striatum (where nucleus accumbens is located) and midbrain (where substantia nigra and ventral tegmental nuclei are located) but also in brainstem and lateral thalamus. These effects were observed in the absence of significant differences in subcortical volumes and were most pronounced in individuals who began cannabis use earliest in life and who reported high levels of negative emotionality. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that chronic CA is associated with changes in resting-state brain function, particularly in dopaminergic nuclei implicated in psychosis but that are also critical for habit formation and reward processing. These results shed light on neurobiological differences that may be relevant to psychopathology associated with cannabis use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gawrysiak MJ, Jagannathan K, Regier P, Suh JJ, Kampman K, Vickery T, Childress AR. Unseen scars: Cocaine patients with prior trauma evidence heightened resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the amygdala and limbic-striatal regions. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:363-370. [PMID: 28957777 PMCID: PMC5648604 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) patients with a history of trauma exhibit poorer treatment outcome, greater functional impairment and higher risk for relapse. Endorsement of prior trauma has, in several SUD populations, been linked to abnormal functional connectivity (FC) during task-based studies. We examined amygdala FC in the resting state (RS), testing for differences between cocaine patients with and without prior trauma. METHODS Patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD; n=34) were stabilized in an inpatient setting prior to a BOLD fMRI scan. Responses to Addiction Severity Index and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used to characterize the No-Trauma (n=16) and Trauma (n=18) groups. Seed-based RSFC was conducted using the right and left amygdala as regions of interest. Examination of amygdala RSFC was restricted to an a priori anatomical mask that incorporated nodes of the limbic-striatal motivational network. RESULTS RSFC was compared for the Trauma versus No-Trauma groups. The Trauma group evidenced greater connectivity between the amygdala and the a priori limbic-striatal mask. Peaks within the statistically significant limbic-striatal mask included the amygdala, putamen, pallidum, caudate, thalamus, insula, hippocampus/parahippocampus, and brain stem. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that cocaine patients with prior trauma (versus without) have heightened communication within nodes of the motivational network, even at rest. To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study to examine amygdala RSFC among those with CUD and trauma history. Heightened RSFC intralimbic connectivity for the Trauma group may reflect a relapse-relevant brain vulnerability and a novel treatment target for this clinically-challenging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gawrysiak
- Department of Psychology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse J Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Kampman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Vickery
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tomasi DG, Shokri-Kojori E, Volkow ND. Temporal Evolution of Brain Functional Connectivity Metrics: Could 7 Min of Rest be Enough? Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:4153-4165. [PMID: 27522070 PMCID: PMC6059168 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unaccounted temporal dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) metrics challenges their potential as biomarkers for clinical applications in neuroscience. Here we studied the scan time required to reach stable values for various FC metrics including seed-voxel correlations and spatial independent component analyses (sICA), and for the local functional connectivity density (lFCD), a graph theory metric. By increasing the number of time points included in the analysis, we assessed the effects of scan time on convergence of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and reliability of these FC metrics. The necessary scan time to attenuate the effects of the temporal dynamics by 80% varied across connectivity metrics and was shorter for lFCD (7 min) than for FC (11 min) or for sICA (10 min). Findings suggest that the scan time required to achieve stable FC is metric-dependent, with lFCD being the most resilient metric to the effects of temporal dynamics. Thus, the lFCD metric could be particularly useful for pediatric and patient populations who may not tolerate long scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dardo G. Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-1013, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892-9561, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khalili-Mahani N, Rombouts SARB, van Osch MJP, Duff EP, Carbonell F, Nickerson LD, Becerra L, Dahan A, Evans AC, Soucy JP, Wise R, Zijdenbos AP, van Gerven JM. Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting-state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state-of-the-Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2276-2325. [PMID: 28145075 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade of research and development in resting-state functional MRI (RSfMRI) has opened new translational and clinical research frontiers. This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying drug interactions with the brain. About 85 pharma-RSfMRI studies using BOLD signal (75% of all) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) were surveyed to investigate the acute effects of psychoactive drugs. Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose-response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration, and translational studies. Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and spectrum of BOLD fluctuations. Overall, RSfMRI-derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However, drugs cause both central and peripheral effects, thus exacerbate difficulties related to biological confounds, structured noise from motion and physiological confounds, as well as modeling and inference testing. Currently, these issues are not well explored, and heterogeneities in experimental design, data acquisition and preprocessing make comparative or meta-analysis of existing reports impossible. A unifying collaborative framework for data-sharing and data-mining is thus necessary for investigating the commonalities and differences in biomarker sensitivity and specificity, and establishing guidelines. Multimodal datasets including sham-placebo or active control sessions and repeated measurements of various psychometric, physiological, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes are essential for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and interpretation of the findings. We provide a list of basic minimum and advanced options that can be considered in design and analyses of future pharma-RSfMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2276-2325, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eugene P Duff
- Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lisa D Nickerson
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P Zijdenbos
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joop M van Gerven
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vergara VM, Mayer AR, Damaraju E, Hutchison K, Calhoun VD. The effect of preprocessing pipelines in subject classification and detection of abnormal resting state functional network connectivity using group ICA. Neuroimage 2017; 145:365-376. [PMID: 27033684 PMCID: PMC5035165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional network connectivity (rsFNC) derived from functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) imaging is emerging as a possible biomarker to identify several brain disorders. Recently it has been pointed out that methods used to preprocess head motion variance might not fully remove all unwanted effects in the data. Proposed processing pipelines locate the treatment of head motion effects either close to the beginning or as one of the final steps. In this work, we assess several preprocessing pipelines applied in group independent component analysis (gICA) methods to study the rsFNC of the brain. The evaluation method utilizes patient/control classification performance based on linear support vector machines and leave-one-out cross validation. In addition, we explored group tests and correlation with severity measures in the patient population. We also tested the effect of removing high frequencies via filtering. Two real data cohorts were used: one consisting of 48 mTBI and one composed of 21 smokers, both with their corresponding matched controls. A simulation procedure was designed to test the classification power of each pipeline. Results show that data preprocessing can change the classification performance. In real data, regressing motion variance before gICA produced clearer group differences and stronger correlation with nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Vergara
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Neurology and Psychiatry Departments, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eswar Damaraju
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Kent Hutchison
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yip SW, DeVito EE, Kober H, Worhunsky PD, Carroll KM, Potenza MN. Anticipatory reward processing among cocaine-dependent individuals with and without concurrent methadone-maintenance treatment: Relationship to treatment response. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 166:134-42. [PMID: 27430401 PMCID: PMC5082418 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine dependence among opioid-dependent methadone-maintained individuals is a significant public health problem and is particularly challenging to treat. The neurobiology of this clinically complex population has not been previously assessed using fMRI. METHODS fMRI data from cocaine-dependent, methadone-maintained (CD-MM) patients (n=24), cocaine-dependent (CD) patients (n=20) and healthy comparison (HC) participants (n=21) were acquired during monetary incentive delay task performance. All patients were scanned prior to treatment for cocaine dependence. Between-group differences in anticipatory reward and loss processing were assessed using whole-brain ANOVAs in SPM12 (pFWE<0.05). Correlations between durations of abstinence during treatment and BOLD responses within the insula and caudate were also explored. RESULTS Main effects of diagnostic group, primarily involving decreased BOLD responses among CD-MM patients in comparison to HCs, were observed during anticipatory reward and loss processing within regions of posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. BOLD responses within the right caudate were negatively associated with percentage of cocaine-negative urines during treatment among CD-MM patients, but not among non-methadone-maintained CD patients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest neurofunctional differences that may be related to treatment outcomes for behavioral therapies between cocaine-dependent individuals with and without methadone-maintenance treatment. These findings may relate to differences in treatment efficacies and to the elevated relapse rates observed in methadone-maintained populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Yip
- National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Corresponding author: 1 Church Street, 7th Floor, Room 730, New Haven, CT, 06510-3330; Tel: 203 737 4358; Fax: 203 737 3591;
| | - Elise E. DeVito
- Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick D. Worhunsky
- Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Carroll
- Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moeller SJ, Konova AB, Tomasi D, Parvaz MA, Goldstein RZ. Abnormal response to methylphenidate across multiple fMRI procedures in cocaine use disorder: feasibility study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2559-69. [PMID: 27150080 PMCID: PMC4916842 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The indirect dopamine agonist methylphenidate remediates cognitive deficits in psychopathology, but the individual characteristics that determine its effects on the brain are not known. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether targeted dopaminergically modulated traits and individual differences could predict neural response to methylphenidate across multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures. METHODS We combined neural measures from three separate procedures (two inhibitory control tasks differing in their degree of emotional salience and resting-state functional connectivity) during methylphenidate (20 mg oral, versus randomized and counterbalanced placebo) and correlated these aggregated responses with cocaine use disorder diagnosis (22 cocaine abusers, 21 controls), symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and working memory capacity. RESULTS Cocaine abusers, relative to controls, had a lower response in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to methylphenidate across all three procedures, driven by responses to the two inhibitory control tasks; reduced methylphenidate fMRI response in this region further correlated with more frequent cocaine use. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine abuse (and its frequency), associated with lower tonic dopamine levels, correlated with a reduction in activation to methylphenidate (versus placebo). These initial results provide feasibility to the idea that multimodal fMRI tasks can be meaningfully aggregated, and that these aggregated procedures show a common disruption in addiction in a highly anticipated region relevant to cognitive control. Results also suggest that drug use frequency may represent an important modulatory variable in interpreting the efficacy of pharmacologically enhanced cognitive interventions in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Moeller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Correspondence may be addressed to: Scott J. Moeller, 1470 Madison Ave (Room 9-115), New York, NY 10029; Tel: 212-824-8973; Fax: 212-803-6743; . Or to: Rita Z. Goldstein, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029; tel. (212) 824-9312; fax (212) 996-8931;
| | - Anna B. Konova
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, NY 10003
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Correspondence may be addressed to: Scott J. Moeller, 1470 Madison Ave (Room 9-115), New York, NY 10029; Tel: 212-824-8973; Fax: 212-803-6743; . Or to: Rita Z. Goldstein, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029; tel. (212) 824-9312; fax (212) 996-8931;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tomasi D, Shokri-Kojori E, Volkow ND. Temporal Changes in Local Functional Connectivity Density Reflect the Temporal Variability of the Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations in Gray Matter. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154407. [PMID: 27116610 PMCID: PMC4846007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Data-driven functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping is being increasingly utilized to assess brain connectomics at rest in the healthy brain and its disruption in neuropsychiatric diseases with the underlying assumption that the spatiotemporal hub distribution is stationary. However, recent studies show that functional connectivity is highly dynamic. Here we study the temporal variability of the local FCD (lFCD) at high spatiotemporal resolution (2-mm isotropic; 0.72s) using a sliding-window approach and ‘resting-state’ datasets from 40 healthy subjects collected under the Human Connectome Project. Prominent functional connectivity hubs in visual and posterior parietal cortices had pronounced temporal changes in local FCD. These dynamic patterns in the strength of the lFCD hubs occurred in cortical gray matter with high sensitivity (up to 85%) and specificity (> 85%) and showed high reproducibility (up to 72%) across sessions and high test-retest reliability (ICC(3,1) > 0.5). The temporal changes in lFCD predominantly occurred in medial occipitoparietal regions and were proportional to the strength of the connectivity hubs. The temporal variability of the lFCD was associated with the amplitude of the low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). Pure randomness did not account for the probability distribution of lFCD. Shannon entropy increased in proportion to the strength of the lFCD hubs suggesting high average flow of information per unit of time in the lFCD hubs, particularly in medial occipitoparietal regions. Thus, the higher dynamic range of the lFCD hubs is consistent with their role in the complex orchestration of interacting brain networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - E. Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - N. D. Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sepede G, Tavino M, Santacroce R, Fiori F, Salerno RM, Di Giannantonio M. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internet addiction in young adults. World J Radiol 2016; 8:210-225. [PMID: 26981230 PMCID: PMC4770183 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder (IAD) in young adults.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, focusing our attention on fMRI studies involving adult IAD patients, free from any comorbid psychiatric condition. The following search words were used, both alone and in combination: fMRI, internet addiction, internet dependence, functional neuroimaging. The search was conducted on April 20th, 2015 and yielded 58 records. Inclusion criteria were the following: Articles written in English, patients’ age ≥ 18 years, patients affected by IAD, studies providing fMRI results during resting state or cognitive/emotional paradigms. Structural MRI studies, functional imaging techniques other than fMRI, studies involving adolescents, patients with comorbid psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions were excluded. By reading titles and abstracts, we excluded 30 records. By reading the full texts of the 28 remaining articles, we identified 18 papers meeting our inclusion criteria and therefore included in the qualitative synthesis.
RESULTS: We found 18 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria, 17 of them conducted in Asia, and including a total number of 666 tested subjects. The included studies reported data acquired during resting state or different paradigms, such as cue-reactivity, guessing or cognitive control tasks. The enrolled patients were usually males (95.4%) and very young (21-25 years). The most represented IAD subtype, reported in more than 85% of patients, was the internet gaming disorder, or videogame addiction. In the resting state studies, the more relevant abnormalities were localized in the superior temporal gyrus, limbic, medial frontal and parietal regions. When analyzing the task related fmri studies, we found that less than half of the papers reported behavioral differences between patients and normal controls, but all of them found significant differences in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing: Orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, temporal and parietal regions, brain stem and caudate nucleus.
CONCLUSION: IAD may seriously affect young adults’ brain functions. It needs to be studied more in depth to provide a clear diagnosis and an adequate treatment.
Collapse
|
44
|
Moeller SJ, London ED, Northoff G. Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: Relationships to resting-state functional connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 61:35-52. [PMID: 26657968 PMCID: PMC4731270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is characterized by widespread abnormalities in brain function and neurochemistry, including drug-associated effects on concentrations of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. In healthy individuals, these neurotransmitters drive the resting state, a default condition of brain function also disrupted in addiction. Here, our primary goal was to review in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography studies that examined markers of glutamate and GABA abnormalities in human drug addiction. Addicted individuals tended to show decreases in these markers compared with healthy controls, but findings also varied by individual characteristics (e.g., abstinence length). Interestingly, select corticolimbic brain regions showing glutamatergic and/or GABAergic abnormalities have been similarly implicated in resting-state functional connectivity deficits in drug addiction. Thus, our secondary goals were to provide a brief review of this resting-state literature, and an initial rationale for the hypothesis that abnormalities in glutamatergic and/or GABAergic neurotransmission may underlie resting-state functional deficits in drug addiction. In doing so, we suggest future research directions and possible treatment implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Moeller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Edythe D London
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Georg Northoff
- Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ma L, Steinberg JL, Moeller FG, Johns SE, Narayana PA. Effect of cocaine dependence on brain connections: clinical implications. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:1307-19. [PMID: 26512421 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine dependence (CD) is associated with several cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence, based on human and animal studies, has led to models for interpreting the neural basis of cognitive functions as interactions between functionally related brain regions. In this review, we focus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies using brain connectivity techniques as related to CD. The majority of these brain connectivity studies indicated that cocaine use is associated with altered brain connectivity between different structures, including cortical-striatal regions and default mode network. In cocaine users some of the altered brain connectivity measures are associated with behavioral performance, history of drug use, and treatment outcome. The implications of these brain connectivity findings to the treatment of CD and the pros and cons of the major brain connectivity techniques are discussed. Finally potential future directions in cocaine use disorder research using brain connectivity techniques are briefly described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- a Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , VA , USA.,b Department of Radiology , VCU , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- a Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , VA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , VCU , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- a Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , VA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , VCU , Richmond , VA , USA.,d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , VCU , Richmond , VA , USA.,e Department of Neurology , VCU , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Sade E Johns
- a Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , VA , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , VCU , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Ponnada A Narayana
- f Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abram SV, Wisner KM, Grazioplene RG, Krueger RF, MacDonald AW, DeYoung CG. Functional coherence of insula networks is associated with externalizing behavior. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 124:1079-91. [PMID: 26301974 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The externalizing spectrum encompasses a range of maladaptive behaviors, including substance-use problems, impulsivity, and aggression. Although previous literature has linked externalizing behaviors with prefrontal and amygdala abnormalities, recent studies suggest insula functionality is implicated. This study investigated the relation between insula functional coherence and externalizing in a large community sample (N = 244). Participants underwent a resting functional MRI scan. Three nonartifactual intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) substantially involving the insula were identified after completing independent components analysis. Three externalizing domains-general disinhibition, substance abuse, and callous aggression-were measured with the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory. Regression models tested whether within-network coherence for the 3 insula ICNs was related to each externalizing domain. Posterior insula coherence was positively associated with general disinhibition and substance abuse. Anterior insula/ventral striatum/anterior cingulate network coherence was negatively associated with general disinhibition. Insula coherence did not relate to the callous aggression domain. Follow-up analyses indicated specificity for insula ICNs in their relation to general disinhibition and substance abuse as compared with other frontal and limbic ICNs. This study found insula network coherence was significantly associated with externalizing behaviors in community participants. Frontal and limbic ICNs containing less insular cortex were not related to externalizing. Thus, the neural synchrony of insula networks may be central for understanding externalizing psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krista M Wisner
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | | | | | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tomasi D, Shokri-Kojori E, Volkow ND. High-Resolution Functional Connectivity Density: Hub Locations, Sensitivity, Specificity, Reproducibility, and Reliability. Cereb Cortex 2015. [PMID: 26223259 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regions with high connectivity have high metabolic cost and their disruption is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Prior neuroimaging studies have identified at the group-level local functional connectivity density ( L: FCD) hubs, network nodes with high degree of connectivity with neighboring regions, in occipito-parietal cortices. However, the individual patterns and the precision for the location of the hubs were limited by the restricted spatiotemporal resolution of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures collected at rest. In this work, we show that MRI datasets with higher spatiotemporal resolution (2-mm isotropic; 0.72 s), collected under the Human Connectome Project (HCP), provide a significantly higher precision for hub localization and for the first time reveal L: FCD patterns with gray matter (GM) specificity >96% and sensitivity >75%. High temporal resolution allowed effective 0.01-0.08 Hz band-pass filtering, significantly reducing spurious L: FCD effects in white matter. These high spatiotemporal resolution L: FCD measures had high reliability [intraclass correlation, ICC(3,1) > 0.6] but lower reproducibility (>67%) than the low spatiotemporal resolution equivalents. GM sensitivity and specificity benchmarks showed the robustness of L: FCD to changes in model parameter and preprocessing steps. Mapping individual's brain hubs with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility supports the use of L: FCD as a biomarker for clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|