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Amirkhosravi L, Khaksari M, Sanjari M, Khorasani P. The nongenomic neuroprotective effects of estrogen, E2-BSA, and G1 following traumatic brain injury: PI3K/Akt and histopathological study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 45:1-15. [PMID: 38507353 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that both genomic and nongenomic pathways are involved in mediating the salutary effects of steroids following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the nongenomic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) mediated by the PI3K/p-Akt pathway after TBI. METHODS Ovariectomized rats were apportioned to E2, E2-BSA (E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin), G1 [G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist (GPER)] or their vehicle was injected following TBI, whereas ICI (classical estrogen receptor antagonist), G15 (GPER antagonist), ICI + G15, and their vehicles were injected before the induction of TBI and injection of drugs. Diffuse TBI was induced by the Marmarou model. Evans blue (EBC, 5 h), brain water contents (BWC), histopathological changes, and brain PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions were measured 24 h after TBI. The veterinary comma scale (VCS) was assessed before and at different times after TBI. RESULTS The results showed a reduction in BWC and EBC and increased VCS in the E2, E2-BSA, and G1 groups. Also, E2, E2-BSA, and G1 reduced brain edema, inflammation, and apoptosis. The ICI and G15 inhibited the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA, and G1 on these parameters. All drugs, following TBI, prevented the reduction of brain PI3K/p-Akt expression. The individual or combined use of ICI and G15 eliminated the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA, and G1 on PI3K/p-Akt expressions. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that PI3K/p-Akt pathway plays a critical role in mediating the salutary effects of estradiol on histopathological changes and neurological outcomes following TBI, suggesting that GPER and classic ERs are involved in regulating the expression of PI3K/p-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, 48463 Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Khorasani
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, 48463 Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
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Amirkhosravi L, khaksari M, Amiresmaili S, Sanjari M, Khorasani P, Hashemian M. Evaluating the neuroprotective effects of progesterone receptors on experimental traumatic brain injury: The PI3K/Akt pathway. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3244. [PMID: 37661235 PMCID: PMC10636406 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have confirmed the salutary effects of progesterone (P4) on traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the beneficial effects of P4 via its receptors on TBI, and also whether progesterone receptors (PRs) can modulate TBI through PI3K/Akt pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Marmarou method was utilized to induce diffuse TBI in ovariectomized rats. P4 (1.7 mg/kg) or the vehicle (oil) was administered 30 min after TBI induction. Moreover, RU486 (PR antagonist) and its vehicle (DMSO) were injected before TBI induction and P4 injection. Brain Evans blue content, brain water content (WC), various oxidative stress parameters, IL-1β levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), histopathological alterations, and also phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and PI3K expressions in the brain were assessed 24 h after TBI. The veterinary comma scale (VCS) was measured before and after TBI at different times. RESULTS The findings revealed that P4 caused an increase in VCS and a decrease in brain WC, oxidative stress, TNF-α and IL-1β levels. RU486 inhibited the beneficial effects of P4 on these indices. Moreover, RU486 prevented the reduction of brain edema, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by P4. Moreover, P4 following TBI increased the expression of PI3K/p-Akt protein in the brain. RU486 eliminated the effects of P4 on PI3K/p-Akt expression. CONCLUSION According to these findings, PRs are acting as critical mediators for the neuroprotective properties of P4 on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and neurological outcomes. PRs also play an important role in regulating the PI3K/p-Akt expression and nongenomic function of P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mohammad khaksari
- Physiology Research CenterInstitute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Parisa Khorasani
- Department of Pathology, Pathology, and Stem Cells Research Center, Afzalipour Medical FacultyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Morteza Hashemian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Rashno M, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Rashno M, Khorsandi L, Naseri MKG, Dianat M. Possible mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of chrysin against mild traumatic brain injury-induced spatial cognitive decline: An in vivo study in a rat model. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110779. [PMID: 37827266 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as an important risk factor for cognitive deficits. The present study was designed to determine the potential neuroprotective effects of chrysin, a natural flavonoid compound, against TBI-induced spatial cognitive decline and the possible mechanisms involved. Oral administration of chrysin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) was initiated in rats immediately following the induction of the diffuse TBI model using the weight-dropping Marmarou model. Spatial cognitive ability, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain water content, and histological changes were assessed at scheduled time points. The animals subjected to TBI exhibited spatial cognitive decline in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, which was accompanied by inhibition of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induction at the perforant path-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses. Additionally, TBI caused BBB disruption, brain edema, and neuronal loss. Interestingly, treatment with chrysin (especially in the dose of 100 mg/kg) alleviated all the above-mentioned neuropathological changes related to TBI. The results provide evidence that chrysin improves TBI-induced spatial cognitive decline, which may be partly related to the amelioration of hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, alleviation of BBB disruption, reduction of brain edema, and prevention of neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masome Rashno
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Keshavarzi Z, Amiresmaili S, Nazari M, Jafari E, Chahkandi M, Sindhu RK. Synergistic effects of auraptene and 17-β estradiol on traumatic brain injury treatment: oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines and pathology. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37815366 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite significant advances that have been made in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), it remains a global health issue. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of 17-β estradiol (E2) and auraptene (AUR) on TBI treatment. METHODS In total, 70 adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into ten main groups: Sham, TBI, TBI + DMSO, TBI + AUR (4 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg), TBI + E2 group, TBI + AUR (4 mg/kg) + E2 group, TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg) + E2 group and TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg) + E2 group. Diffuse TBI was caused by the Marmarou process in male rats. The brain's tissues were harvested to check the parameters of oxidative stress and levels of inflammatory cytokine. RESULTS The finding revealed that TBI induced a significant increase in brain edema, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant levels [MDA and NO], and also a decrease in the brain's antioxidant biomarkers [GPx, SOD]. We also found that E2 and AUR (25 mg/kg) significantly preserved the levels of these biomarkers. The combination of AUR concentrations and E2 showed that this treatment efficiently preserved the levels of these biomarkers. Furthermore, the combination of E2 and AUR (25 mg/kg) c could cause the most effective synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION AUR could act synergistically with E2 to treat brain injury complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Nazari
- College of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Chahkandi
- Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Rakesh K Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Rajizadeh MA, Khaksari M, Bejeshk MA, Amirkhosravi L, Jafari E, Jamalpoor Z, Nezhadi A. The Role of Inhaled Estradiol and Myrtenol, Alone and in Combination, in Modulating Behavioral and Functional Outcomes Following Traumatic Experimental Brain Injury: Hemodynamic, Molecular, Histological and Behavioral Study. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:478-498. [PMID: 37100976 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important and growing cause of disability worldwide, and its cognitive consequences may be particularly significant. This study assessed the neuroprotective impacts of estradiol (E2), myrtenol (Myr), and the combination of the two on the neurological outcome, hemodynamic parameters, learning and memory, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K/AKT) signaling, and inflammatory and oxidative factors in the hippocampus after TBI. METHODS Eighty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups with seven rats in each (six groups to measure intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, brain water content, and veterinary coma scale, and six groups for behavioral and molecular studies): sham, TBI, TBI/vehicle, TBI/Myr, TBI/E2, and TBI/Myr + E2 (Myr 50 mg/kg and E2 33.3 μg/kg via inhalation for 30 min after TBI induction). Brain injury was induced by using Marmarou's method. Briefly, a 300-g weight was dropped down from a 2-m height through a free-falling tube onto the head of the anesthetized animals. RESULTS Veterinary coma scale, learning and memory, brain water content, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure were impaired following TBI, and inflammation and oxidative stress were raised in the hippocampus after TBI. The BDNF level and PI3K/AKT signaling were impaired due to TBI. Inhalation of Myr and E2 had protective effects against all negative consequences of TBI by decreasing brain edema and the hippocampal content of inflammatory and oxidant factors and also by improving BDNF and PI3K/AKT in the hippocampus. Based on these data, there were no differences between alone and combination administrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results propose that Myr and E2 have neuroprotective effects on cognition impairments due to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Pathology Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abbasloo E, Khaksari M, Sanjari M, Kobeissy F, Thomas TC. Carvacrol decreases blood-brain barrier permeability post-diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14546. [PMID: 37666857 PMCID: PMC10477335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad essential oil (SKEO) and its major component, carvacrol (CAR), 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-edematous properties after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. CAR, predominantly found in Lamiaceae family (Satureja and Oregano), is lipophilic, allowing diffusion across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These experiments test the hypothesis that acute treatment with CAR after TBI can attenuate oxidative stress and BBB permeability associated with CAR's anti-edematous traits. Rats were divided into six groups and injured using Marmarou weight drop: Sham, TBI, TBI + Vehicle, TBI + CAR (100 and 200 mg/kg) and CAR200-naive treated rats. Intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or CAR was administered thirty minutes after TBI induction. 24 h post-injury, brain edema, BBB permeability, BBB-related protein levels, and oxidative capacity were measured. Data showed CAR 200 mg/kg treatment decreased brain edema and prevented BBB permeability. CAR200 decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), indicating the mechanism of BBB protection is, in part, through antioxidant activity. Also, CAR 200 mg/kg treatment suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and increased ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 levels. These data indicate that CAR can promote antioxidant activity and decrease post-injury BBB permeability, further supporting CAR as a potential early therapeutic intervention that is inexpensive and more readily available worldwide. However, more experiments are required to determine CAR's long-term impact on TBI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbasloo
- Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Institute of Neuropharmacology, Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Child Health, Phoenix, USA
- BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, USA
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7
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Abbasloo E, Amiresmaili S, Shirazpour S, Khaksari M, Kobeissy F, Thomas TC. Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil and pure carvacrol attenuate TBI-induced inflammation and apoptosis via NF-κB and caspase-3 regulation in the male rat brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4780. [PMID: 36959464 PMCID: PMC10036533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes progressive dysfunction that induces biochemical and metabolic changes that lead to cell death. Nevertheless, there is no definitive FDA-approved therapy for TBI treatment. Our previous immunohistochemical results indicated that the cost-effective natural Iranian medicine, Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil (SKEO), which consists of 94.16% carvacrol (CAR), has beneficial effects such as reducing neuronal death and inflammatory markers, as well as activating astrocytes and improving neurological outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms of these neuroprotective effects have not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the possible mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties of SKEO and CAR after TBI induction. Eighty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham, TBI, TBI + Vehicle, TBI + CAR (100 and 200 mg/kg), and TBI + SKEO (200 mg/kg) groups. After establishing the "Marmarou" weight drop model, diffuse TBI was induced in the rat brain. Thirty minutes after TBI induction, SKEO & CAR were intraperitoneally injected. One day after TBI, injured rats exhibited significant brain edema, neurobehavioral dysfunctions, and neuronal apoptosis. Western blot results revealed upregulation of the levels of cleaved caspase-3, NFκB p65, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was attenuated by CAR and SKEO (200 mg/kg). Furthermore, the ELISA results showed that CAR treatment markedly prevents the overproduction of the brain pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Moreover, the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunohistochemistry results revealed the protective effect of CAR and SKEO on post-TBI neuronal death. The current study revealed that the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of SKEO and CAR might be related to (at least in part) modulating NF-κB regulated inflammation and caspase-3 protein expression. It also suggested that CAR exerts more potent protective effects than SKEO against TBI. Nevertheless, the administration of SKEO and CAR may express a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate TBI-related secondary phase neuropathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abbasloo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Sara Shirazpour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics and Biomarkers, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
- Translational Neurotrauma Research Program, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, USA
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8
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nikbakht A, kargar_soleimanabad S, Siahposht-Khachaki A, Farzin D. The effect of Riluzole on neurological outcomes, blood-brain barrier, brain water and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Zhang Z, Jiang J, He Y, Cai J, Xie J, Wu M, Xing M, Zhang Z, Chang H, Yu P, Chen S, Yang Y, Shi Z, Liu Q, Sun H, He B, Zeng J, Huang J, Chen J, Li H, Li Y, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Pregabalin mitigates microglial activation and neuronal injury by inhibiting HMGB1 signaling pathway in radiation-induced brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:231. [PMID: 36131309 PMCID: PMC9490947 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most serious complication of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, which seriously affects the quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for patients with RIBI, and identifying new treatment that targets the pathological mechanisms of RIBI is urgently needed. Methods Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), co-culture of primary neurons and microglia, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CRISPR–Cas9-mediated gene editing techniques were employed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of pregabalin that ameliorate microglial activation and neuronal injury in the RIBI mouse model. Results Our findings showed that pregabalin effectively repressed microglial activation, thereby reducing neuronal damage in the RIBI mouse model. Pregabalin mitigated inflammatory responses by directly inhibiting cytoplasmic translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a pivotal protein released by irradiated neurons which induced subsequent activation of microglia and inflammatory cytokine expression. Knocking out neuronal HMGB1 or microglial TLR2/TLR4/RAGE by CRISPR/Cas9 technique significantly inhibited radiation-induced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory transition of microglia. Conclusions Our findings indicate the protective mechanism of pregabalin in mitigating microglial activation and neuronal injury in RIBI. It also provides a therapeutic strategy by targeting HMGB1-TLR2/TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway in the microglia for the treatment of RIBI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02596-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingru Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yong He
- Radiotherapeutic Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mengdan Xing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhongshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haohui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Baixuan He
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junbo Zeng
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiongxue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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The Effect of Oral Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Pathological and Long-Term Outcomes in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4065118. [PMID: 35528162 PMCID: PMC9071883 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4065118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuroprotective effects of stem cells have been shown in some neurologic diseases. In this study, the effect of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) was evaluated in long term. Materials and Methods TBI was induced by Marmarou's method. The number of 2 × 106 OMSCs was intravenously injected 1 and 24 h after the injury. Brain edema and pathological outcome were assessed at 24 h and 21 days after the injury. Besides, long-term neurological, motor, and cognitive outcomes were evaluated at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the injury. Results OMSCs administration could significantly inhibit microglia proliferation, and reduce brain edema and neuronal damage, at 24 h and 21 days after the injury. Neurological function improvement was observed in the times evaluated in OMSCs group. Cognitive and motor function dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior were prevented especially at 14 and 21 days after the injury in the treatment group. Conclusion According to the results of this study, OMSCs administration after TBI reduced brain edema and neuronal damage, improved neurologic outcome, and prevented memory and motor impairments and anxiety-like behavior in long term.
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Erdivanli B, Ozdemir A, Sen A, Mercantepe T, Kazdal H, Uydu HA, Tumkaya L. Protective effect of thymoquinone in preventing trauma-related damage: an experimental study. Biomarkers 2021; 27:95-100. [PMID: 34890510 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2016972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary injury is a potentially modifiable factor of outcome in traumatic brain injury. This study aimed to investigate thymoquinone's effects on trauma-induced neuronal damage. METHODS Eighteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups following ketamine and xylazine anaesthesia (n = 6): Control, Trauma, Trauma + Thymoquinone. First dose of thymoquinone was administered three hours after the trauma. RESULTS The trauma group showed significant oedema, vascular congestion, and ischaemia. Also, caspase-3 activity and malondialdehyde content of brain tissue was significantly increased, and Na,K-ATPase activity and glutathione levels were significantly reduced. Thymoquinone significantly reduced oedema, vascular congestion, ischaemia, and caspase-3 activity compared with the trauma group. While Na,K-ATPase activity and glutathione levels was similar to the Control group, malondialdehyde content was similar to the trauma group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that low dose thymoquinone exhibited a neuroprotective effect following severe traumatic brain injury, if administered within three hours of injury. Similar levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde suggest no antioxidant effect. Significant reduction in oedema and ischaemia in the neuron cells and partially preserved activity of Na,K-ATPase suggest that thymoquinone protects mitochondrial functions and energy levels of the neuronal cells following severe traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Erdivanli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ozdemir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun Education and Training Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hizir Kazdal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avni Uydu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Ding Y, Zhang L, Zhou W, Lu H, Gao X, Li J, Liu J, Niu X, Zheng J. Role of cyclin‑dependent kinase 5 in early brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:147. [PMID: 35069828 PMCID: PMC8756392 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that early brain injury (EBI) can contribute to poor outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and is associated with apoptosis. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a key mediator of neuronal viability. The role of Cdk5 in several neurological disorders has been elucidated; however, its role in EBI after SAH remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the involvement of Cdk5 in EBI after SAH. The expression levels of Cdk5, Cdk5 phosphorylated at Tyr15 (Cdk5-pTyr15) and p25 (a Cdk5 activator) were assessed by western blotting, and the cell distribution of Cdk5 was demonstrated by double immunofluorescence. The expression levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome c were evaluated by western blotting to assess the severity of neuronal apoptosis. Nissl and TUNEL staining experiments were performed to observe the effects of roscovitine, a Cdk5 inhibitor, on EBI following SAH. The results indicated that the expression levels of Cdk5, p25 and Cdk5-pTyr15 significantly increased in the rat temporal cortex following SAH. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that Cdk5 was expressed in the neurons and astrocytes of the rat cortex after SAH and that Cdk5 underwent nuclear translocation in neurons. Roscovitine administration effectively inhibited Cdk5 activation. In conclusion, roscovitine treatment significantly mitigated EBI and alleviated cerebral edema following SAH. These findings suggest that Cdk5 is an important target in SAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Liexiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xingde Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jingde Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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Frank D, Gruenbaum BF, Shelef I, Zvenigorodsky V, Benjamin Y, Shapoval O, Gal R, Zlotnik A, Melamed I, Boyko M. A Novel Histological Technique to Assess Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents: Comparisons to Neuroimaging and Neurological Outcomes. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:733115. [PMID: 34720861 PMCID: PMC8549653 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.733115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we evaluate an alternative protocol to histologically examine blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, brain edema, and lesion volume following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the same set of rodent brain samples. We further compare this novel histological technique to measurements determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a neurological severity score (NSS). Sixty-six rats were randomly assigned to a sham-operated, mild TBI, moderate TBI, or severe TBI group. 48 h after TBI, NSS, MRI and histological techniques were performed to measure TBI severity outcome. Both the histological and MRI techniques were able to detect measurements of severity outcome, but histologically determined outcomes were more sensitive. The two most sensitive techniques for determining the degree of injury following TBI were NSS and histologically determined BBB breakdown. Our results demonstrate that BBB breakdown, brain edema, and lesion volume following TBI can be accurately measured by histological evaluation of the same set of brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yair Benjamin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Olha Shapoval
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ecology and Medicine, Dnepropetrovsk State University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Ron Gal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Melamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Keshavarzi Z, Amiresmaili S, Shahrokhi N, Bibak B, Shakeri F. Neuroprotective effects of auraptene following traumatic brain injury in male rats: The role of oxidative stress. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:203-209. [PMID: 34624461 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is widely acknowledged as a significant risk factor for death and disability. Our goal in this experiment was to see if Auraptene (AUR) could help rats recover from TBI-induced disability by measuring of oxidative stress parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: sham, TBI, Vehicle (DMSO), TBI+ AUR (4 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg). The animals were anesthetized. After that, diffuse TBI was done by Marmarou model in male rats. Then, the brain tissues were harvested. Some of oxidative stress parameters, and TNFα levels were evaluated. RESULTS TBI-induced brain damage was significantly inhibited by AUR (25 mg/kg), as evidenced by decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress inhibition and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the brain. CONCLUSION This study showed that probably the AUR prevents complications of TBI through decreases in brain edema, modulating oxidative stress, and reductions in the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzane Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Furtado ABV, Gonçalves DF, Hartmann DD, Courtes AA, Cassol G, Nunez-Figueredo Y, Argolo DS, do Nascimento RP, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, Royes LFF, Soares FAA. JM-20 Treatment After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Reduces Glial Cell Pro-inflammatory Signaling and Behavioral and Cognitive Deficits by Increasing Neurotrophin Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4615-4627. [PMID: 34148214 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered a public health problem and is often related to motor and cognitive disabilities, besides behavioral and emotional changes that may remain for the rest of the subject's life. Resident astrocytes and microglia are the first cell types to start the inflammatory cascades following TBI. It is widely known that continuous or excessive neuroinflammation may trigger many neuropathologies. Despite the large numbers of TBI cases, there is no effective pharmacological treatment available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the new hybrid molecule 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-4,11-dihydro1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine (JM-20) on TBI outcomes. Male Wistar rats were submitted to a weight drop model of mild TBI and treated with a single dose of JM-20 (8 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after TBI, JM-20-treated animals showed improvements on locomotor and exploratory activities, and short-term memory deficits induced by TBI improved as well. Brain edema was present in TBI animals and the JM-20 treatment was able to prevent this change. JM-20 was also able to attenuate neuroinflammation cascades by preventing glial cells-microglia and astrocytes-from exacerbated activation, consequently reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-1β). BDNF mRNA level was decreased 24 h after TBI because of neuroinflammation cascades; however, JM-20 restored the levels. JM-20 also increased GDNF and NGF levels. These results support the JM-20 neuroprotective role to treat mild TBI by reducing the initial damage and limiting long-term secondary degeneration after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrezza Bond Vieira Furtado
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Debora Farina Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Duarte Hartmann
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de fisioterapia, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul., Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Alves Courtes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cassol
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física E Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Deivison Silva Argolo
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica E Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biofísica, Universidade Federal Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica E Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biofísica, Universidade Federal Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica E Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biofísica, Universidade Federal Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica E Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biofísica, Universidade Federal Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica E Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Oguzoglu AS, Senol N, Asci H, Erzurumlu Y, Gulle K, Savran M, Sadef M, Acar BG, Goksel HM. Pregabalin Protects Brain Tissue from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Enhancing HIF-1α/eNOS Signaling and VEGF Production. World Neurosurg 2021; 152:e713-e720. [PMID: 34129987 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of different doses of pregabalin on the pathophysiologic changes in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. METHODS Thirty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 8), SAH (n = 10), SAH plus 30 mg/kg/day of pregabalin (n = 10), and SAH plus 60 mg/kg/day of pregabalin (n = 10). SAH was induced with 0.3 mL of autologous blood injected to the cisterna magna of rats. Pregabalin was administered intraperitoneally. Oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS Pregabalin increased mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor in a dose-dependent manner. Significant improvement in the histopathological parameters was observed at 60 mg/kg, including a decrease in diffuse hemorrhagic areas, edema and apoptotic bodies in the associated cortical area, evident vacuolization in the hippocampal area, and apoptotic bodies. However, these improvements were not observed with the lower dose (30 mg/kg). In contrast, the antioxidant effect was greater with 30 mg/kg of pregabalin than with 60 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS Although the antioxidant effect was significant with the lower dose of pregabalin, the anti-inflammatory effects via vasodilatation were more marked with the higher dose. Significant improvements in the histopathological changes were observed with the higher dose of pregabalin. The dose-dependent effects of pregabalin on SAH should be evaluated in animal studies as a function of time and in the acute and chronic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Serdar Oguzoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Senol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Halil Asci
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kanat Gulle
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Savran
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sadef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Berivan Gunduru Acar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hakan Murat Goksel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Yao X, Yang W, Ren Z, Zhang H, Shi D, Li Y, Yu Z, Guo Q, Yang G, Gu Y, Zhao H, Ren K. Neuroprotective and Angiogenesis Effects of Levetiracetam Following Ischemic Stroke in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638209. [PMID: 34054520 PMCID: PMC8161206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study explored whether levetiracetam (LEV) could protect against experimental brain ischemia and enhance angiogenesis in rats, and investigated the potential mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The middle cerebral artery was occluded for 60 min to induce middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The Morris water maze was used to measure cognitive ability. The rotation test was used to assess locomotor function. T2-weighted MRI was used to assess infarct volume. The neuronal cells in the cortex area were stained with cresyl purple. The anti-inflammatory effects of LEV on microglia were observed by immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in extracts from the ischemic cortex. Flow cytometry was used to observe the effect of LEV on neuronal cell apoptosis. Results: LEV treatment significantly increased the density of the surviving neurons in the cerebral cortex and reduced the infarct size (17.8 ± 3.3% vs. 12.9 ± 1.4%, p < 0.01) after MCAO. Concurrently, the time required to reach the platform for LEV-treated rats was shorter than that in the saline group on day 11 after MCAO (p < 0.01). LEV treatment prolonged the rotarod retention time on day 14 after MCAO (84.5 ± 6.7 s vs. 59.1 ± 6.2 s on day 14 compared with the saline-treated groups, p < 0.01). It also suppressed the activation of microglia and inhibited TNF-α and Il-1β in the ischemic brain (135.6 ± 5.2 pg/ml vs. 255.3 ± 12.5 pg/ml, 18.5 ± 1.3 pg/ml vs. 38.9 ± 2.3 pg/ml on day 14 compared with the saline-treated groups, p < 0.01). LEV treatment resulted in a significant increase in HIF-1α, VEGF, and HSP70 levels in extracts from the ischemic cerebral cortex. At the same time, LEV reduced neuronal cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by an ischemic stroke (p < 0.01). Conclusion: LEV treatment promoted angiogenesis and functional recovery after cerebral ischemia in rats. These effects seem to be mediated through anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities, as well as inducing the expression of HSP70, VEGF, and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendong Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dafa Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziyang Yu
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangwei Yang
- Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Amiresmaili S, Shahrokhi N, Khaksari M, AsadiKaram G, Aflatoonian MR, Shirazpour S, Amirkhosravi L, Mortazaeizadeh A. The Hepatoprotective mechanisms of 17β-estradiol after traumatic brain injury in male rats: Classical and non-classical estrogen receptors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:111987. [PMID: 33582408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protective effects of estrogen (E2) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been determined. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of E2 after TBI through its receptors and oxidative stress regulation have been evaluated. Diffuse TBI induced by the Marmarou method in male rats. G15, PHTPP, MPP, and ICI182-780 as selective antagonists of E2 were injected before TBI. The results indicated that TBI induces a significant increase in liver enzymes [Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Glutamyl transferase (GGT)], and oxidants levels [Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO)] and decreases in antioxidant biomarkers [Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in the brain and liver, and plasma. We also found that E2 significantly preserved levels of these biomarkers and enzymatic activity. All antagonists inhibited the effects of E2 on increasing SOD and GPx. Also, the effects of E2 on brain MDA levels were inhibited by all antagonists, but in the liver, only ICI + G15 + E2 + TBI group was affected. The impacts of E2 on brain and liver and plasma NO levels were inhibited by all antagonists. The current findings demonstrated that E2 probably improved liver injury after TBI by modulating oxidative stress. Also, both classic (ERβ, ERα) and non-classic [G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)] receptors are affected in the protective effects of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amiresmaili
- Department of Physiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza AsadiKaram
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sara Shirazpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Mortazaeizadeh
- Researcher, Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mitochondrial-Protective Effects of R-Phenibut after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9364598. [PMID: 33274011 PMCID: PMC7700030 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9364598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction play a central role in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). R-Phenibut ((3R)-phenyl-4-aminobutyric acid) is an antagonist of the α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) and an agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABA-B) receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of R-phenibut following the lateral fluid percussion injury (latFPI) model of TBI in mice and the impact of R- and S-phenibut on mitochondrial functionality in vitro. By determining the bioavailability of R-phenibut in the mouse brain tissue and plasma, we found that R-phenibut (50 mg/kg) reached the brain tissue 15 min after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and peroral (p.o.) injections. The maximal concentration of R-phenibut in the brain tissues was 0.6 μg/g and 0.2 μg/g tissue after i.p. and p.o. administration, respectively. Male Swiss-Webster mice received i.p. injections of R-phenibut at doses of 10 or 50 mg/kg 2 h after TBI and then once daily for 7 days. R-Phenibut treatment at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly ameliorated functional deficits after TBI on postinjury days 1, 4, and 7. Seven days after TBI, the number of Nissl-stained dark neurons (N-DNs) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) expression in the cerebral neocortex in the area of cortical impact were reduced. Moreover, the addition of R- and S-phenibut at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml inhibited calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling in the brain homogenate and prevented anoxia-reoxygenation-induced increases in mitochondrial H2O2 production and the H2O2/O ratio. Taken together, these results suggest that R-phenibut could serve as a neuroprotective agent and promising drug candidate for treating TBI.
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Demir CF, Balduz M, Taşcı İ, Kuloğlu T. Protective effect of pregabalin on the brain tissue of diabetic rats. Diabetol Int 2020; 12:207-216. [PMID: 33786275 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Pregabalin (PGB) is an antiepileptic drug with proven efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy, generalized anxiety disorder, and neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of PGB in brain tissue of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes. Materials and methods Twenty-eight Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups with seven rats each: (I) Control group, (II) PGB (50 mg/kg PBG), (III) DM, and (IV) DM + PGB (50 mg/kg/day PGB per orally for 8 weeks). Diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) STZ injection (Sigma Chemical Co Louis Missour, USA) at a dose of 180 mg/kg. STZ was dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate-citrate tampon (pH 4.5). Paraffin sections were examined using histological and immunohistochemical analyses. To detect oxidative damage biochemically, malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which are antioxidant enzymes, levels were studied. In addition, bax, caspase-3 enzyme activities and TUNEL assay were studied to evaluate the apoptosis status. Results In the DM group, MDA concentrations were significantly higher and GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. MDA concentrations were significantly lower and SOD activity was significantly higher in the DM + PGB group than in the DM group. The GPx activity in the DM group decreased significantly compared to the control group. In immunohistochemical examinations (Bax, Caspase-3 and TUNEL), the apoptosis rate was significantly lower in the in DM + PGB group than in the DM group. Conclusion Pregabalin may prevent harmful effects of oxidative damage by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing the SOD levels. In addition, it was thought that PGB may have antiapoptotic properties due to decreased bax and caspase-3 immunoreactivity and TUNEL positivity in PGB groups. Based on these findings, we think that PGB may be effective in reducing the risk of brain damage associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner F Demir
- Department of Neurology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Metin Balduz
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova State Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - İrem Taşcı
- Department of Neurology, Malatya Training Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloğlu
- Department of Histology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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Amiresmaili S, Khaksari M, Shahrokhi N, Abolhassani M. Evolution of TLR4 role in mediating the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after traumatic brain injury in male rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114044. [PMID: 32445868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) exerted beneficial effects on liver disease, and it has a protective impact on brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced liver injury is associated with the activation of TLR4. However, it remains unknown whether E2 can modulate TBI-induced liver injury through TLR4. The objective of this study was to determine the role of TLR4 in hepatoprotective mechanisms of E2 after TBI. Diffuse TBI induced by the Marmarou model in male rats. TAK-242 as a selective antagonist of TLR4 (3 mg/kg) and E2 (33.3 μg/kg) were injected (i.p) respectively 30 min before and 30 min after TBI. The results showed that E2 and TAK-242 markedly inhibited TBI-induced liver injury, which was characterized by decreased aminotransferase activities, inhibition of the oxidative stress, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-17 in the liver. We also found that TBI induced significant upregulation of TLR4 in the liver, with peak expression occurring 24 h after TBI, and that treatment with E2 significantly inhibited the upregulation of TLR4. Also, both classic [Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ)] and non-classic (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER) E2 receptors are involved in modulating the expression of TLR4. These results suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after TBI may be mediated via the downregulation expression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amiresmaili
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscince and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Shamsi Meymandi M, Sepehri G, Moslemizadeh A, Vakili Shahrbabaki S, Bashiri H. Prenatal pregabalin is associated with sex-dependent alterations in some behavioral parameters in valproic acid-induced autism in rat offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:500-511. [PMID: 32588482 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to pregabalin (PGB) on behavioral changes of rat offspring in an animal model of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism-like symptoms. Pregnant rats received VPA (600 mg/kg/i.p.) once at 12.5 gestational days for autism-like symptom induction in offspring. After the delivery single male and single female offspring from each mother were randomly selected for behavioral test (anxiety, pain response, pleasure, and motor function) at 60th day adulthood (n = 7). Offspring received prenatal PGB (15 & 30 mg/kg/i.p.) during gestational days 9.5 to 15.5 either alone or in combination with VPA (PGB15, PGB30, PGB15 + VPA, and PGB30 + VPA). Control offspring received normal saline during the same period. The result showed that prenatal VPA exposure was associated with autism-like behaviors in rat offspring. PGB treatment during the gestational period revealed significant reduction in sucrose preference test and anxiety in elevated plus maze and open field test in offspring. Also, PGB treatments exhibited a dose-dependent increase in pain threshold in prenatally VPA exposed rats in tail-flick and hot plate test. Also, there was a sex-related significant impairment in motor function in beam balance and open field test, and male rats were affected more than females. However, no significant sex differences in sucrose preference and pain sensitivity were observed in prenatal PGB-treated rat offspring. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to VPA increased the risk of autism-like behaviors in the offspring rats, and PGB treatment during the gestational period was associated with some beneficial effects, including anxiety reduction and motor impairment in autism-like symptoms in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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Dehghanian F, Soltani Z, Khaksari M. Can Mesenchymal Stem Cells Act Multipotential in Traumatic Brain Injury? J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:677-688. [PMID: 31897971 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, will probably become the third cause of death in the world by the year 2020. Lack of effective treatments approved for TBI is a major health problem. TBI is a heterogeneous disease due to the different mechanisms of injury. Therefore, it requires combination therapies or multipotential therapy that can affect multiple targets. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has considered one of the most promising therapeutic strategies to repair of brain injuries including TBI. In these studies, it has been shown that MSCs can migrate to the site of injury and differentiate into the cells secreting growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The reduction in brain edema, neuroinflammation, microglia accumulation, apoptosis, ischemia, the improvement of motor and cognitive function, and the enhancement in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neural stem cells survival, proliferation, and differentiation have been indicated in these studies. However, translation of MSCs research in TBI into a clinical setting will require additional preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dehghanian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Hajmohammadi M, Khaksari M, Soltani Z, Shahrokhi N, Najafipour H, Abbasi R. The Effect of Candesartan Alone and Its Combination With Estrogen on Post-traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Female Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1043. [PMID: 31849571 PMCID: PMC6901902 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of candesartan (angiotensin II type I receptor blocker) alone and its combination with estrogen on the changes in brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) following diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) in female rats. Methods: TBI was induced in ovariectomized female rats using Marmarou's method. The treatment groups received low-dose (LC) and high-dose (HC) candesartan, estrogen (E2), a combination of estrogen vehicle and candesartan vehicle (oil + vehicle), or a combination of estrogen with low-dose (E2 + LC), or with high-dose (E2 + HC) candesartan. ICP and CPP were measured before and several times after TBI, and the brain water content (brain edema) was measured 24 h after TBI. Results: After the TBI, brain edema and ICP in the estrogen group were lower than in the vehicle and TBI groups. Brain edema and ICP in the HC group were lower than in the vehicle group after TBI. Although there was no significant difference in brain edema and ICP between the LC and vehicle groups, significant differences in these variables were observed when the E2 + LC and E2 + HC groups were compared with the oil + vehicle group after TBI. A significant increase in CPP was observed in the estrogen group 4 and 24 h post-TBI, while this increase was found in the HC and E2 + LC groups 24 h post-TBI. Conclusions: A low dose of candesartan did not exert a protective effect on TBI outcomes, but such an effect did appear after combination with estrogen. This finding suggests that interaction between low-dose candesartan and estrogen improves TBI-induced consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Hajmohammadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Gunyeli I, Saygin M, Ozmen O. The impact of the sepsis on female urogenital system: the role of pregabalin. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1067-1082. [PMID: 31529363 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the oxidative damage and inflammatory effects of sepsis on the urogenital system in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model and ameliorating role of Pregabalin (PGB). METHODS Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats (12 months old) were divided into 3 groups as follows: Sepsis group (Group S) (5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose); Sepsis+ PGB group (Group SP) (5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose and 30 mg/kg PGB); Control group (Group C) (0.1 ml/oral and i.p. saline, single dose), 6 h after LPS administration, the animals were killed. Subsequently, analyses of urogenital tissue oxidant/antioxidant status, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS Total oxidative status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in the urogenital tissues were increased in Group S (Total anti-oxidative status (TAS) decreased) compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). PGB improved these values (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical markers [Caspase-3, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] were significantly increased in Group S except for bladder (p < 0.001). Statistically significant immunohistochemical positiveness was found only for IL-6 in urinary bladder, though all the others values were negative. With the administration of PGB (Group SP), the expressions of these immunoreactions were markedly decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that sepsis caused oxidative stress and inflammation in the urogenital tissues. We have revealed that PGB ameliorated tissue damage caused by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Gunyeli
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Saygin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University Isparta, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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26
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wei J, Wu R, Cai H. Overexpression of long noncoding RNA Malat1 ameliorates traumatic brain injury induced brain edema by inhibiting AQP4 and the NF-κB/IL-6 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17584-17592. [PMID: 31218751 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain edema is a major traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related neurological complication. In the initiation stage of TBI, brain edema is characterized by astrocyte swelling (cytotoxic edema). We studied the impact of a long noncoding RNA, Malat1, on the TBI-induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. Our results showed that Malat1 was downregulated in both the TBI rat model and the astrocyte fluid percussion injury (FPI) model, which concurred with brain edema and astrocyte swelling. Overexpression of Malat1 significantly inhibited rat brain edema, meanwhile reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression after TBI. In addition, overexpression of Malat1 ameliorated FPI-induced astrocyte swelling and reduced IL-6 release. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis also corroborated the inhibitory effects of Malat1 on NF-κB and AQP4 expression after FPI. Our results highlighted the protective effects of Malat1 on the TBI-induced brain edema, which were mediated through regulating IL-6, NF-κB, and AQP4 expression. Our study could provide a novel approach for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Emergency Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Youth League Committee, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medicine Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Glushakova OY, Glushakov AV, Yang L, Hayes RL, Valadka AB. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Clinical Management. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:2401-2413. [PMID: 30595079 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with long-term disability and chronic neurological sequelae. One common contributor to unfavorable outcomes is secondary brain injury, which is potentially treatable and preventable through appropriate management of patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is currently the predominant neurological-specific physiological parameter used to direct the care of severe TBI (sTBI) patients. However, recent clinical evidence has called into question the association of ICP monitoring with improved clinical outcome. The detailed cellular and molecular derangements associated with intracranial hypertension (IC-HTN) and their relationship to injury phenotype and neurological outcomes are not completely understood. Various animal models of TBI have been developed, but the clinical applicability of ICP monitoring in the pre-clinical setting has not been well-characterized. Linking basic mechanistic studies in translational TBI models with investigation of ICP monitoring that more faithfully replicates the clinical setting will provide clinical investigators with a more informed understanding of the pathophysiology of IC-HTN, thus facilitating development of improved therapies for sTBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Y Glushakova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronald L Hayes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA
| | - Alex B Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:230-246. [PMID: 30086289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) and resultant intracranial hypertension are associated with unfavorable prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). CE is a leading cause of in-hospital mortality, occurring in >60% of patients with mass lesions, and ∼15% of those with normal initial computed tomography scans. After treatment of mass lesions in severe TBI, an important focus of acute neurocritical care is evaluating and managing the secondary injury process of CE and resultant intracranial hypertension. This review focuses on a contemporary understanding of various pathophysiologic pathways contributing to CE, with a subsequent description of potential targeted therapies. There is a discussion of identified cellular/cytotoxic contributors to CE, as well as mechanisms that influence blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption/vasogenic edema, with the caveat that this distinction may be somewhat artificial since molecular processes contributing to these pathways are interrelated. While an exhaustive discussion of all pathways with putative contributions to CE is beyond the scope of this review, the roles of some key contributors are highlighted, and references are provided for further details. Potential future molecular targets for treating CE are presented based on pathophysiologic mechanisms. We thus aim to provide a translational synopsis of present and future strategies targeting CE after TBI in the context of a paradigm shift towards precision medicine. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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