1
|
Gogulski J, Cline CC, Ross JM, Parmigiani S, Keller CJ. Reliability of the TMS-evoked potential in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae130. [PMID: 38596882 PMCID: PMC11004671 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We currently lack a reliable method to probe cortical excitability noninvasively from the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). We recently found that the strength of early and local dlPFC transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (EL-TEPs) varied widely across dlPFC subregions. Despite these differences in response amplitude, reliability at each target is unknown. Here we quantified within-session reliability of dlPFC EL-TEPs after TMS to six left dlPFC subregions in 15 healthy subjects. We evaluated reliability (concordance correlation coefficient [CCC]) across targets, time windows, quantification methods, regions of interest, sensor- vs. source-space, and number of trials. On average, the medial target was most reliable (CCC = 0.78) and the most anterior target was least reliable (CCC = 0.24). However, all targets except the most anterior were reliable (CCC > 0.7) using at least one combination of the analytical parameters tested. Longer (20 to 60 ms) and later (30 to 60 ms) windows increased reliability compared to earlier and shorter windows. Reliable EL-TEPs (CCC up to 0.86) were observed using only 25 TMS trials at a medial dlPFC target. Overall, medial dlPFC targeting, wider windows, and peak-to-peak quantification improved reliability. With careful selection of target and analytic parameters, highly reliable EL-TEPs can be extracted from the dlPFC after only a small number of trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Gogulski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki FI-00029, Finland
| | - Christopher C Cline
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jessica M Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94394, United States
| | - Sara Parmigiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Corey J Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94394, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Wang H, Guo Y, Long J. Beta rebound reduces subsequent movement preparation time by modulating of GABAA inhibition. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae037. [PMID: 38342689 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-movement beta synchronization is an increase of beta power relative to baseline, which commonly used to represent the status quo of the motor system. However, its functional role to the subsequent voluntary motor output and potential electrophysiological significance remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the reaction time of a Go/No-Go task of index finger tapping which performed at the phases of power baseline and post-movement beta synchronization peak induced by index finger abduction movements at different speeds (ballistic/self-paced) in 13 healthy subjects. We found a correlation between the post-movement beta synchronization and reaction time that larger post-movement beta synchronization prolonged the reaction time during Go trials. To probe the electrophysiological significance of post-movement beta synchronization, we assessed intracortical inhibitory measures probably involving GABAB (long-interval intracortical inhibition) and GABAA (short-interval intracortical inhibition) receptors in beta baseline and post-movement beta synchronization peak induced by index finger abduction movements at different speeds. We found that short-interval intracortical inhibition but not long-interval intracortical inhibition increased in post-movement beta synchronization peak compared with that in the power baseline, and was negatively correlated with the change of post-movement beta synchronization peak value. These novel findings indicate that the post-movement beta synchronization is related to forward model updating, with high beta rebound predicting longer time for the preparation of subsequent movement by inhibitory neural pathways of GABAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Houmin Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaqiu Guo
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinyi Long
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510335, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gogulski J, Cline CC, Ross JM, Parmigiani S, Keller CJ. Reliability of the TMS-evoked potential in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.04.556283. [PMID: 37732239 PMCID: PMC10508735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.556283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Background We currently lack a robust and reliable method to probe cortical excitability noninvasively from the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), a region heavily implicated in psychiatric disorders. We recently found that the strength of early and local dlPFC single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (EL-TEPs) varied widely depending on the anatomical subregion probed, with more medial regions eliciting stronger responses than anterolateral sites. Despite these differences in amplitude of response, the reliability at each target is not known. Objective To evaluate the reliability of EL-TEPs across the dlPFC. Methods In 15 healthy subjects, we quantified within-session reliability of dlPFC EL-TEPs after single pulse TMS to six dlPFC subregions. We evaluated the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) across targets and analytical parameters including time window, quantification method, region of interest, sensor-vs. source-space, and number of trials. Results At least one target in the anterior and posterior dlPFC produced reliable EL-TEPs (CCC>0.7). The medial target was most reliable (CCC = 0.78) and the most anterior target was least reliable (CCC = 0.24). ROI size and type (sensor vs. source space) did not affect reliability. Longer (20-60 ms, CCC = 0.62) and later (30-60 ms, CCC = 0.61) time windows resulted in higher reliability compared to earlier and shorter (20-40 ms, CCC 0.43; 20-50 ms, CCC = 0.55) time windows. Peak-to-peak quantification resulted in higher reliability than the mean of the absolute amplitude. Reliable EL-TEPs (CCC up to 0.86) were observed using only 25 TMS trials for a medial dlPFC target. Conclusions Medial TMS location, wider time window (20-60ms), and peak-to-peak quantification improved reliability. Highly reliable EL-TEPs can be extracted from dlPFC after only a small number of trials. Highlights Medial dlPFC target improved EL-TEP reliability compared to anterior targets.After optimizing analytical parameters, at least one anterior and one posterior target was reliable (CCC>0.7).Longer (20-60 ms) and later (30-60 ms) time windows were more reliable than earlier and shorter (20-40 ms or 20-50 ms) latencies.Peak-to-peak quantification resulted in higher reliability compared to the mean of the absolute amplitude.As low as 25 trials can yield reliable EL-TEPs from the dlPFC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fong PY, Spampinato D, Michell K, Mancuso M, Brown K, Ibáñez J, Santo AD, Latorre A, Bhatia K, Rothwell JC, Rocchi L. EEG responses induced by cerebellar TMS at rest and during visuomotor adaptation. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120188. [PMID: 37230209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connections between the cerebellum and the cortex play a critical role in learning and executing complex behaviours. Dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used non-invasively to probe connectivity changes between the lateral cerebellum and motor cortex (M1) using the motor evoked potential as an outcome measure (cerebellar-brain inhibition, CBI). However, it gives no information about cerebellar connections to other parts of cortex. OBJECTIVES We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether it was possible to detect activity evoked in any areas of cortex by single-pulse TMS of the cerebellum (cerebellar TMS evoked potentials, cbTEPs). A second experiment tested if these responses were influenced by the performance of a cerebellar-dependent motor learning paradigm. METHODS In the first series of experiments, TMS was applied over either the right or left cerebellar cortex, and scalp EEG was recorded simultaneously. Control conditions that mimicked auditory and somatosensory inputs associated with cerebellar TMS were included to identify responses due to non-cerebellar sensory stimulation. We conducted a follow-up experiment that evaluated whether cbTEPs are behaviourally sensitive by assessing individuals before and after learning a visuomotor reach adaptation task. RESULTS A TMS pulse over the lateral cerebellum evoked EEG responses that could be distinguished from those caused by auditory and sensory artefacts. Significant positive (P80) and negative peaks (N110) over the contralateral frontal cerebral area were identified with a mirrored scalp distribution after left vs. right cerebellar stimulation. The P80 and N110 peaks were replicated in the cerebellar motor learning experiment and changed amplitude at different stages of learning. The change in amplitude of the P80 peak was associated with the degree of learning that individuals retained following adaptation. Due to overlap with sensory responses, the N110 should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral potentials evoked by TMS of the lateral cerebellum provide a neurophysiological probe of cerebellar function that complements the existing CBI method. They may provide novel insight into mechanisms of visuomotor adaptation and other cognitive processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Fong
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Medical School, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Danny Spampinato
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00142, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin Michell
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Mancuso
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katlyn Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jaime Ibáñez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; BSICoS group, I3A Institute, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Di Santo
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus, AOS Monaldi, Naples, Italy; Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kailash Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mosayebi-Samani M, Agboada D, Mutanen TP, Haueisen J, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. Transferability of cathodal tDCS effects from the primary motor to the prefrontal cortex: A multimodal TMS-EEG study. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:515-539. [PMID: 36828302 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been extensively studied over the primary motor cortex (M1). Much less is however known about its effects over non-motor areas, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is the neuronal foundation for many high-level cognitive functions and involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we, therefore, explored the transferability of cathodal tDCS effects over M1 to the PFC. Eighteen healthy human participants (11 males and 8 females) were involved in eight randomized sessions per participant, in which four cathodal tDCS dosages, low, medium, and high, as well as sham stimulation, were applied over the left M1 and left PFC. After-effects of tDCS were evaluated via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography (EEG), and TMS-elicited motor evoked potentials (MEP), for the outcome parameters TMS-evoked potentials (TEP), TMS-evoked oscillations, and MEP amplitude alterations. TEPs were studied both at the regional and global scalp levels. The results indicate a regional dosage-dependent nonlinear neurophysiological effect of M1 tDCS, which is not one-to-one transferable to PFC tDCS. Low and high dosages of M1 tDCS reduced early positive TEP peaks (P30, P60), and MEP amplitudes, while an enhancement was observed for medium dosage M1 tDCS (P30). In contrast, prefrontal low, medium and high dosage tDCS uniformly reduced the early positive TEP peak amplitudes. Furthermore, for both cortical areas, regional tDCS-induced modulatory effects were not observed for late TEP peaks, nor TMS-evoked oscillations. However, at the global scalp level, widespread effects of tDCS were observed for both, TMS-evoked potentials and oscillations. This study provides the first direct physiological comparison of tDCS effects applied over different brain areas and therefore delivers crucial information for future tDCS applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Desmond Agboada
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Federal Armed Forces University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Tuomas P Mutanen
- Department of Neuroscience & Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, School of Science, 00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jens Haueisen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Redondo-Camós M, Cattaneo G, Alviarez-Schulze V, Delgado-Gallén S, España-Irla G, Solana-Sanchez J, Perellón-Alfonso R, Albu S, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A, Bartres-Faz D. Long-interval intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex related to working memory in middle-aged adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:998062. [PMID: 36248602 PMCID: PMC9559215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excitability of the primary motor cortex measured with TMS has been associated with cognitive dysfunctions in patient populations. However, only a few studies have explored this relationship in healthy adults, and even fewer have considered the role of biological sex. Methods Ninety-seven healthy middle-aged adults (53 male) completed a TMS protocol and a neuropsychological assessment. Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) and Long-Interval Intracortical Inhibition (LICI) were assessed in the left motor cortex and related to attention, episodic memory, working memory, reasoning, and global cognition composite scores to evaluate the relationship between cortical excitability and cognitive functioning. Results In the whole sample, there was a significant association between LICI and cognition; specifically, higher motor inhibition was related to better working memory performance. When the sample was broken down by biological sex, LICI was only associated with working memory, reasoning, and global cognition in men. No associations were found between RMT and cognitive functions. Conclusion Greater intracortical inhibition, measured by LICI, could be a possible marker of working memory in healthy middle-aged adults, and biological sex plays a critical role in this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Redondo-Camós
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
- Departamento de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selma Delgado-Gallén
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goretti España-Irla
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Solana-Sanchez
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Perellón-Alfonso
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergiu Albu
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alvaro Pascual-Leone,
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- David Bartres-Faz,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sasaki R, Hand BJ, Liao WY, Rogasch NC, Fernandez L, Semmler JG, Opie GM. Utilising TMS-EEG to Assess the Response to Cerebellar-Brain Inhibition. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01419-y. [PMID: 35661100 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar-brain inhibition (CBI) is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm indexing excitability of cerebellar projections to motor cortex (M1). Stimulation involved with CBI is often considered to be uncomfortable, and alternative ways to index connectivity between cerebellum and the cortex would be valuable. We therefore sought to assess the utility of electroencephalography in conjunction with TMS (combined TMS-EEG) to record the response to CBI. A total of 33 volunteers (25.7 ± 4.9 years, 20 females) participated across three experiments. These investigated EEG responses to CBI induced with a figure-of-eight (F8; experiment 1) or double cone (DC; experiment 2) conditioning coil over cerebellum, in addition to multisensory sham stimulation (experiment 3). Both F8 and DC coils suppressed early TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) produced by TMS to M1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the TEP produced by CBI stimulation was related to the motor inhibitory response to CBI recorded in a hand muscle (P < 0.05), but only when using the DC coil. Multisensory sham stimulation failed to modify the M1 TEP. Cerebellar conditioning produced changes in the M1 TEP that were not apparent following sham stimulation, and that were related to the motor inhibitory effects of CBI. Our findings therefore suggest that it is possible to index the response to CBI using TMS-EEG. In addition, while both F8 and DC coils appear to recruit cerebellar projections, the nature of these may be different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sasaki
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - B J Hand
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - W Y Liao
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - N C Rogasch
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Fernandez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J G Semmler
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - G M Opie
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Identifying novel biomarkers with TMS-EEG - Methodological possibilities and challenges. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 377:109631. [PMID: 35623474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential for understanding the underlying pathologies in brain disorders and for developing effective treatments. Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is an emerging neurophysiological tool that can be used for biomarker development. This method can identify biomarkers associated with the function and dynamics of the inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter systems and effective connectivity between brain areas. In this review, we outline the current state of the TMS-EEG biomarker field by summarizing the existing protocols and the possibilities and challenges associated with this methodology.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bridging the gap: TMS-EEG from Lab to Clinic. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 369:109482. [PMID: 35041855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) has reached technological maturity and has been an object of significant scientific interest for over two decades. Ιn parallel, accumulating evidence highlights the potential of TMS-EEG as a useful tool in the field of clinical neurosciences. Nevertheless, its clinical utility has not yet been established, partly because technical and methodological limitations have created a gap between an evolving scientific tool and standard clinical practice. Here we review some of the identified gaps that still prevent TMS-EEG moving from science laboratories to clinical practice. The principal and partly overlapping gaps include: 1) complex and laborious application, 2) difficulty in obtaining high-quality signals, 3) suboptimal accuracy and reliability, and 4) insufficient understanding of the neurobiological substrate of the responses. All these four aspects need to be satisfactorily addressed for the method to become clinically applicable and enter the diagnostic and therapeutic arena. In the current review, we identify steps that might be taken to address these issues and discuss promising recent studies providing tools to aid bridging the gaps.
Collapse
|
10
|
TMS-EEG responses across the lifespan: Measurement, methods for characterisation and identified responses. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109430. [PMID: 34856320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) allows probing of the neurophysiology of any neocortical brain area in vivo with millisecond accuracy. TMS-EEG is particularly unique compared with other available neurophysiological methods, as it can measure the state and dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory systems separately. Because of these capabilities, TMS-EEG responses are sensitive to the brain state, and the responses are influenced by brain maturation and ageing, making TMS-EEG a suitable method to study age-specific pathophysiology. In this review, we outline the TMS-EEG measurement procedure, the existing methods used for characterising TMS-EEG responses and the challenges associated with identifying the responses. We also summarise the findings thus far on how TMS-EEG responses change across the lifespan and the TMS-EEG features that separate typical and atypical brain maturation and ageing. Finally, we give an overview of the gaps in current knowledge to provide directions for future studies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cosentino G, Todisco M, Blandini F. Noninvasive neuromodulation in Parkinson's disease: Neuroplasticity implication and therapeutic perspectives. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:185-198. [PMID: 35034733 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques can be used to study in vivo the changes of cortical activity and plasticity in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Also, an increasing number of studies have suggested a potential therapeutic effect of these techniques. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represent the most used stimulation paradigms to treat motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Both techniques can enhance cortical activity, compensating for its reduction related to subcortical dysfunction in PD. However, the use of suboptimal stimulation parameters can lead to therapeutic failure. Clinical studies are warranted to clarify in PD the additional effects of these stimulation techniques on pharmacologic and neurorehabilitation treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cosentino
- Translational Neurophysiology Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Todisco
- Translational Neurophysiology Research Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Movement Disorders Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Movement Disorders Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dose-response of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: a TMS-EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 136:158-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
13
|
Biabani M, Fornito A, Coxon JP, Fulcher BD, Rogasch NC. The correspondence between EMG and EEG measures of changes in cortical excitability following transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Physiol 2021; 599:2907-2932. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mana Biabani
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Victoria Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Victoria Australia
| | - James P. Coxon
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Victoria Australia
| | - Ben D. Fulcher
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Victoria Australia
- School of Physics The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Nigel C. Rogasch
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Victoria Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology Lifelong Health Theme South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Adelaide South Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pellegrini M, Zoghi M, Jaberzadeh S. A Checklist to Reduce Response Variability in Studies Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Assessment of Corticospinal Excitability: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Brain Connect 2020; 10:53-71. [PMID: 32093486 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Response variability between individuals (interindividual variability) and within individuals (intraindividual variability) is an important issue in the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) literature. This has raised questions of the validity of TMS to assess changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) in a predictable and reliable manner. Several participant-specific factors contribute to this observed response variability with a current lack of consensus on the degree each factor contributes. This highlights a need for consistency and structure in reporting study designs and methodologies. Currently, there is no summarized review of the participant-specific factors that can be controlled and may contribute to response variability. This systematic review aimed to develop a checklist of methodological measures taken by previously published research to increase the homogeneity of participant selection criteria, preparation of participants before experimental testing, participant scheduling, and the instructions given to participants throughout experimental testing to minimize their effect on response variability. Seven databases were searched in full. Studies were included if CSE was measured via TMS and included methodological measures to increase the homogeneity of the participants. Eighty-four studies were included. Twenty-three included measures to increase participant selection homogeneity, 21 included measures to increase participant preparation homogeneity, while 61 included measures to increase participant scheduling and instructions during experimental testing homogeneity. These methodological measures were summarized into a user-friendly checklist with considerations, suggestions, and rationale/justification for their inclusion. This may provide the framework for further insights into ways to reduce response variability in TMS research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pellegrini
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cuypers K, Marsman A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Opportunities for a bimodal approach in human neuroscience. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117394. [PMID: 32987106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS provides a manner to non-invasively investigate molecular concentrations in the living brain and thus identify metabolites involved in physiological and pathological processes. Particularly the MRS-detectable metabolites glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, are of interest when combining TMS and MRS. TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be applied either as a neuromodulation or neurostimulation tool, specifically targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. The combination of TMS and MRS can be used to evaluate alterations in brain metabolite levels following an interventional TMS protocol such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or paired associative stimulation (PAS). MRS can also be combined with a variety of non-interventional TMS protocols to identify the interplay between brain metabolite levels and measures of excitability or receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation. In this review, we provide an overview of studies performed in healthy and patient populations combining MRS and TMS, both as a measurement tool and as an intervention. TMS and MRS may reveal complementary and comprehensive information on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Potentially, connectivity changes and dedicated network interactions can be probed using the combined TMS-MRS approach. Considering the ongoing technical developments in both fields, combined studies hold future promise for investigations of brain network interactions and neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Cuypers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Group Biomedical Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; REVAL Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anouk Marsman
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegård Allé 30, 26500 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Goldsworthy MR, Rogasch NC, Ballinger S, Graetz L, Van Dam JM, Harris R, Yu S, Pitcher JB, Baune BT, Ridding MC. Age-related decline of neuroplasticity to intermittent theta burst stimulation of the lateral prefrontal cortex and its relationship with late-life memory performance. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2181-2191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Raffin E, Harquel S, Passera B, Chauvin A, Bougerol T, David O. Probing regional cortical excitability via input-output properties using transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography coupling. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2741-2761. [PMID: 32379389 PMCID: PMC7294059 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The modular organization of the cortex refers to subsets of highly interconnected nodes, sharing specific cytoarchitectural and dynamical properties. These properties condition the level of excitability of local pools of neurons. In this study, we described TMS evoked potentials (TEP) input-output properties to provide new insights into regional cortical excitability. We combined robotized TMS with EEG to disentangle region-specific TEP from threshold to saturation and describe their oscillatory contents. Twenty-two young healthy participants received robotized TMS pulses over the right primary motor cortex (M1), the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right superior occipital lobe (SOL) at five stimulation intensities (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% resting motor threshold) and one short-interval intracortical inhibition condition during EEG recordings. Ten additional subjects underwent the same experiment with a realistic sham TMS procedure. The results revealed interregional differences in the TEPs input-output functions as well as in the responses to paired-pulse conditioning protocols, when considering early local components (<80 ms). Each intensity in the three regions was associated with complex patterns of oscillatory activities. The quality of the regression of TEPs over stimulation intensity was used to derive a new readout for cortical excitability and dynamical properties, revealing lower excitability in the DLPFC, followed by SOL and M1. The realistic sham experiment confirmed that these early local components were not contaminated by multisensory stimulations. This study provides an entirely new analytic framework to characterize input-output relations throughout the cortex, paving the way to a more accurate definition of local cortical excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Raffin
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)GenevaSwitzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de RéadaptationSionSwitzerland
| | - Sylvain Harquel
- CNRS, UMR5105, Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, LPNCUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- University of Grenoble‐Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, IRMaGeGrenobleFrance
| | - Brice Passera
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- CNRS, UMR5105, Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, LPNCUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Alan Chauvin
- CNRS, UMR5105, Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, LPNCUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- University of Grenoble‐Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, IRMaGeGrenobleFrance
| | - Thierry Bougerol
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
- CNRS, UMR5105, Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, LPNCUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Olivier David
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Goede AA, Cumplido-Mayoral I, van Putten MJAM. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Single and Paired Pulse TMS-EEG Responses. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:425-437. [PMID: 32367427 PMCID: PMC7293671 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For physiological brain function a particular balance between excitation and inhibition is essential. Paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can estimate cortical excitability and the relative contribution of inhibitory and excitatory networks. Combining TMS with electroencephalography (EEG) enables additional assessment of the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal responses in the stimulated brain. This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics and stability of single and paired pulse TMS-EEG responses, and assess long intracortical inhibition (LICI) at the cortical level. Twenty-five healthy subjects were studied twice, approximately one week apart. Manual coil positioning was applied in sixteen subjects and robot-guided positioning in nine. Both motor cortices were stimulated with 50 single pulses and 50 paired pulses at each of the five interstimulus intervals (ISIs): 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. To assess stability and LICI, the intraclass correlation coefficient and cluster-based permutation analysis were used. We found great resemblance in the topographical distribution of the characteristic TMS-EEG components for single and paired pulse TMS. Stimulation of the dominant and non-dominant hemisphere resulted in a mirrored spatiotemporal dynamics. No significant effect on the TMS-EEG responses was found for either stimulated hemisphere, time or coil positioning method, indicating the stability of both single and paired pulse TMS-EEG responses. For all ISIs, LICI was characterized by significant suppression of the late N100 and P180 components in the central areas, without affecting the early P30, N45 and P60 components. These observations in healthy subjects can serve as reference values for future neuropsychiatric and pharmacological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika A de Goede
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Technohal 3385, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene Cumplido-Mayoral
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Technohal 3385, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Technohal 3385, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mooney RA, Cirillo J, Stinear CM, Byblow WD. Neurophysiology of motor skill learning in chronic stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:791-798. [PMID: 32066097 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor learning is relevant in chronic stroke for acquiring compensatory strategies to motor control deficits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill acquisition with the paretic upper limb have received little systematic investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the modulation of corticomotor excitability and intracortical inhibition within ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during motor skill learning. METHODS Ten people at the chronic stage after stroke and twelve healthy controls trained on a sequential visuomotor isometric wrist extension task. Skill was quantified before, immediately after, 24 hours and 7 days post-training. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine corticomotor excitability and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) pre- and post-training. RESULTS The patient group exhibited successful skill acquisition and retention, although absolute skill level was lower compared with controls. In contrast to controls, patients' ipsilesional corticomotor excitability was not modulated during skill acquisition, which may be attributed to excessive ipsilesional LICI relative to controls. SICI decreased after training for both patient and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate distinct inhibitory networks within M1 that may be relevant for motor learning after stroke. SIGNIFICANCE These findings have potential clinical relevance for neurorehabilitation adjuvants aimed at augmenting the recovery of motor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan A Mooney
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Cirillo
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cathy M Stinear
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Winston D Byblow
- Movement Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Noda Y. Toward the establishment of neurophysiological indicators for neuropsychiatric disorders using transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials: A systematic review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:12-34. [PMID: 31587446 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can depolarize the neurons directly under the coil when applied to the cerebral cortex, and modulate the neural circuit associated with the stimulation site, which makes it possible to measure the neurophysiological index to evaluate excitability and inhibitory functions. Concurrent TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has been developed to assess the neurophysiological characteristics of cortical regions other than the motor cortical region noninvasively. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss TMS-EEG research in the healthy brain focused on excitability, inhibition, and plasticity following neuromodulatory TMS paradigms from a neurophysiological perspective. A search was conducted in PubMed to identify articles that examined humans and that were written in English and published by September 2018. The search terms were as follows: (TMS OR 'transcranial magnetic stimulation') AND (EEG OR electroencephalog*) NOT (rTMS OR 'repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation' OR TBS OR 'theta burst stimulation') AND (healthy). The study presents an overview of TMS-EEG methodology and neurophysiological indices and reviews previous findings from TMS-EEG in healthy individuals. Furthermore, this review discusses the potential application of TMS-EEG neurophysiology in the clinical setting to study healthy and diseased brain conditions in the future. Combined TMS-EEG is a powerful tool to probe and map neural circuits in the human brain noninvasively and represents a promising approach for determining the underlying pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noda
- Multidisciplinary Translational Research Lab, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Older Adults Differentially Modulate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography Measures of Cortical Inhibition during Maximal Single-joint Exercise. Neuroscience 2019; 425:181-193. [PMID: 31809730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of muscle fatigue are known to be altered in older adults, and age-related changes in the brain are likely to be a contributing factor. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these changes are not known. The aim of the current study was to use transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to investigate age-related changes in cortical excitability with muscle fatigue. In 23 young (mean age ± SD: 22 ± 2 years) and 17 older (mean age ± SD: 68.3 ± 5.6 years) adults, single-pulse TMS-EEG was applied before, during and after the performance of fatiguing, intermittent isometric abduction of the index finger. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) measures of cortical excitability were increased during (estimated mean difference, 123.3%; P < 0.0001) and after (estimated mean difference, 117.5%; P = 0.001) fatigue and this was not different between groups (P > 0.5). For TMS-EEG, the amplitude of the P30 and P180 potentials were unaffected by fatigue in older participants (P > 0.05). In contrast, the amplitude of the N45 potential in older adults was significantly reduced both during (positive cluster: mean voltage difference = 0.7 µV, P < 0.005; negative cluster: mean voltage difference = 0.9 µV, P < 0.0005) and after (mean voltage difference = 0.5 µV, P < 0.005) fatiguing exercise, whereas this response was absent in young participants. These results suggest that performance of maximal intermittent isometric exercise in old but not young adults is associated with modulation of cortical inhibition likely mediated by activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors.
Collapse
|
22
|
Γ-Aminobutyric acid in adult brain: an update. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Hordacre B, Ghosh R, Goldsworthy MR, Ridding MC. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-EEG Biomarkers of Poststroke Upper-Limb Motor Function. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104452. [PMID: 31635964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor evoked potentials obtained with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can provide valuable information to inform stroke neurophysiology and recovery but are difficult to obtain in all stroke survivors due to high stimulation thresholds. OBJECTIVE To determine whether transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked potentials (TEPs) evoked using a lower stimulus intensity, below that necessary for recording motor evoked potentials, could serve as a marker of poststroke upper-limb motor function and were different compared to healthy adults. METHODS Eight chronic stroke survivors (66 ± 21 years) and 15 healthy adults (53 ± 10 years) performed a motor function task using a customized grip-lift manipulandum. TMS was applied to the lesioned motor cortex, with TEPs recorded using simultaneous high-definition electroencephalography (EEG). RESULTS Stroke participants demonstrated greater hold ratio with the manipulandum. Cluster-based statistics revealed larger P30 amplitude in stroke participants, with significant clusters over frontal (P = .016) and parietal-occipital electrodes (P = .023). There was a negative correlation between the N45 peak amplitude and hold ratio in stroke participants (r = -.83, P = .02), but not controls. CONCLUSIONS TEPs can be recorded using lower stimulus intensities in chronic stroke. The global P30 TEP response differed between stroke participants and healthy controls, with results suggesting that the TEP can be used as a biomarker of upper-limb behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rukmini Ghosh
- The Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mitchell R Goldsworthy
- The Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael C Ridding
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography Measures of Cortical Neuroplasticity Are Altered after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2774-2784. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
25
|
He JL, Fuelscher I, Coxon J, Chowdhury N, Teo WP, Barhoun P, Enticott P, Hyde C. Individual differences in intracortical inhibition predict motor-inhibitory performance. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2715-2727. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Kariminezhad S, Karhu J, Säisänen L, Könönen M, Julkunen P. Interaction between repetition suppression in motor activation and long-interval intracortical inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11543. [PMID: 31395949 PMCID: PMC6687749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetition suppression (RS) is the adaptation of the neural activity in response to a repeated external stimulus. It has been proposed that RS occurs at the thalamo-cortical level, hence activating a feedback loop to the cortex in order to counteract with the repeated motor cortical activation. In this study, to elucidate the common modulators between the RS and the inhibitory/facilitatory cortical networks, two TMS paradigms were applied, i.e. the characteristic long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and the I1-wave timed short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). Since LICI is a local intracortical inhibitory phenomenon affecting cortical excitation over a long interval like the RS, the interaction between RS and LICI was tested. As the I1-wave timed SICF is likely not affected by inhibitory modulation, the appearance of the RS with respect to SICF was investigated. Non-linear interaction between LICI and RS was observed, while I1-wave timed SICF facilitated all MEP responses of RS by a common offset still preserving the RS. These findings implicate that the underlying mechanism for the observed interaction is likely contributed to the activation of the negative thalamo-cortical feedback loop represented by the RS, most likely at the cortical level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Kariminezhad
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Laura Säisänen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Könönen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mooney RA, Cirillo J, Byblow WD. Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2331-2344. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
28
|
Tremblay S, Rogasch NC, Premoli I, Blumberger DM, Casarotto S, Chen R, Di Lazzaro V, Farzan F, Ferrarelli F, Fitzgerald PB, Hui J, Ilmoniemi RJ, Kimiskidis VK, Kugiumtzis D, Lioumis P, Pascual-Leone A, Pellicciari MC, Rajji T, Thut G, Zomorrodi R, Ziemann U, Daskalakis ZJ. Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:802-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
29
|
Otieno LA, Opie GM, Semmler JG, Ridding MC, Sidhu SK. Intermittent single-joint fatiguing exercise reduces TMS-EEG measures of cortical inhibition. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:471-479. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00628.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatiguing intermittent single-joint exercise causes an increase in corticospinal excitability and a decrease in intracortical inhibition when measured with peripherally recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Combined TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) allows for more direct recording of cortical responses through the TMS-evoked potential (TEP). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the excitatory and inhibitory components of the TEP during fatiguing single-joint exercise. Twenty-three young (22 ± 2 yr) healthy subjects performed intermittent 30-s maximum voluntary contractions of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle, followed by a 30-s relaxation period repeated for a total of 15 min. Six single-pulse TMSs and one peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) to evoke maximal M wave (Mmax) were applied during each relaxation period. A total of 90 TMS pulses and 5 PNSs were applied before and after fatiguing exercise to record MEP and TEP. The amplitude of the MEP (normalized to Mmax) increased during fatiguing exercise ( P < 0.001). There were no changes in local and global P30, N45, and P180 of TEPs during the development of intermittent single-joint exercise-induced fatigue. Global analysis, however, revealed a decrease in N100 peak of the TEP during fatiguing exercise compared with before fatiguing exercise ( P = 0.02). The decrease in N100 suggests a fatigue-related decrease in global intracortical GABAB-mediated inhibition. The increase in corticospinal excitability typically observed during single-joint fatiguing exercise may be mediated by a global decrease in intracortical inhibition. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fatiguing intermittent single-joint exercise causes an increase in corticospinal excitability and a decrease in intracortical inhibition when measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials from the muscle. The present study provides new and direct cortical evidence, using TMS-EEG to demonstrate that during single-joint fatiguing exercise there is a global decrease in intracortical GABAB-mediated inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavender A. Otieno
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George M. Opie
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John G. Semmler
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael C. Ridding
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simranjit K. Sidhu
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Keysers C, Paracampo R, Gazzola V. What neuromodulation and lesion studies tell us about the function of the mirror neuron system and embodied cognition. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 24:35-40. [PMID: 29734039 PMCID: PMC6173305 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We review neuromodulation and lesion studies that address how activations in the mirror neuron system contribute to our perception of observed actions. Past reviews showed disruptions of this parieto-premotor network impair imitation and goal and kinematic processing. Recent studies bring five new themes. First, focal perturbations of a node of that circuit lead to changes across all nodes. Second, primary somatosensory cortex is an integral part of this network suggesting embodied representations are somatosensory-motor. Third, disturbing this network impairs the ability to predict the actions of others in the close (∼300ms) future. Fourth, disruptions impair our ability to coordinate our actions with others. Fifth, disrupting this network, the insula or cingulate also impairs emotion recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Keysers
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Paracampo
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Conde V, Tomasevic L, Akopian I, Stanek K, Saturnino GB, Thielscher A, Bergmann TO, Siebner HR. The non-transcranial TMS-evoked potential is an inherent source of ambiguity in TMS-EEG studies. Neuroimage 2018; 185:300-312. [PMID: 30347282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) excites populations of neurons in the stimulated cortex, and the resulting activation may spread to connected brain regions. The distributed cortical response can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). Since TMS also stimulates peripheral sensory and motor axons and generates a loud "click" sound, the TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) reflect not only neural activity induced by transcranial neuronal excitation but also neural activity due to somatosensory and auditory processing. In 17 healthy young individuals, we systematically assessed the contribution of multisensory peripheral stimulation to TEPs using a TMS-compatible EEG system. Real TMS was delivered with a figure-of-eight coil over the left para-median posterior parietal cortex or superior frontal gyrus with the coil being oriented perpendicularly or in parallel to the target gyrus. We also recorded the EEG responses evoked by realistic sham stimulation over the posterior parietal and superior frontal cortex, mimicking the auditory and somatosensory sensations evoked by real TMS. We applied state-of-the-art procedures to attenuate somatosensory and auditory confounds during real TMS, including the placement of a foam layer underneath the coil and auditory noise masking. Despite these precautions, the temporal and spatial features of the cortical potentials evoked by real TMS at the prefrontal and parietal site closely resembled the cortical potentials evoked by realistic sham TMS, both for early and late TEP components. Our findings stress the need to include a peripheral multisensory control stimulation in the design of TMS-EEG studies to enable a dissociation between truly transcranial and non-transcranial components of TEPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Conde
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leo Tomasevic
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Irina Akopian
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Konrad Stanek
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Cognitive Systems, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Guilherme B Saturnino
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chung SW, Sullivan CM, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Bailey NW, Cash RFH, Fitzgerald PB. The effects of individualised intermittent theta burst stimulation in the prefrontal cortex: A TMS-EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:608-627. [PMID: 30251765 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted variability in response to theta burst stimulation (TBS) in humans. TBS paradigm was originally developed in rodents to mimic gamma bursts coupled with theta rhythms, and was shown to elicit long-term potentiation. The protocol was subsequently adapted for humans using standardised frequencies of stimulation. However, each individual has different rhythmic firing pattern. The present study sought to explore whether individualised intermittent TBS (Ind iTBS) could outperform the effects of two other iTBS variants. Twenty healthy volunteers received iTBS over left prefrontal cortex using 30 Hz at 6 Hz, 50 Hz at 5 Hz, or individualised frequency in separate sessions. Ind iTBS was determined using theta-gamma coupling during the 3-back task. Concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was used to track changes in cortical plasticity. We also utilised mood ratings using a visual analogue scale and assessed working memory via the 3-back task before and after stimulation. No group-level effect was observed following either 30 or 50 Hz iTBS in TMS-EEG. Ind iTBS significantly increased the amplitude of the TMS-evoked P60, and decreased N100 and P200 amplitudes. A significant positive correlation between neurophysiological change and change in mood rating was also observed. Improved accuracy in the 3-back task was observed following both 50 Hz and Ind iTBS conditions. These findings highlight the critical importance of frequency in the parameter space of iTBS. Tailored stimulation parameters appear more efficacious than standard paradigms in neurophysiological and mood changes. This novel approach presents a promising option and benefits may extend to clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caley M Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia.,Epworth Clinic, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Premoli I, Király J, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Zipser CM, Rossini P, Zrenner C, Ziemann U, Belardinelli P. Short-interval and long-interval intracortical inhibition of TMS-evoked EEG potentials. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:818-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
34
|
de Goede AA, van Putten MJAM. Repeatability of long intracortical inhibition in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2016; 2:26-34. [PMID: 30214967 PMCID: PMC6123853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
LICI repeatability showed a large variation at the subject level and ISI level. Good repeatability at group level decreased when including inter-subject variation. Added value of robot-guided coil positioning seems limited for paired pulse TMS.
Objectives Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to assess cortical excitability. To detect changes in excitability with longitudinal studies, it is important to validate the repeatability of excitability measures within a subject between different sessions. Repeatability studies on long intracortical inhibition (LICI) are limited and reported agreement ranges from poor to good. This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of LICI in healthy subjects using paired pulse TMS. In addition, it investigates whether LICI repeatability differs for manual and robot-guided coil positioning. Methods Thirty healthy subjects (10 males, mean age 28.4 ± 8.2 years) were studied twice, approximately one week apart. Both motor cortices were stimulated with 50 paired pulses (intensity 120% of resting motor threshold) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs): 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. In twenty subjects a figure-of-eight coil was positioned and held in place manually during both sessions, while in ten subjects a robot-navigated arm was used. LICI repeatability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results For manual and robot-guided coil positioning we found a large variation in repeatability at the subject level and ISI level, ranging from poor to good agreement. On a group level, we found good repeatability for averaged LICI curves (manual: ICC = 0.91, robot-guided: ICC = 0.95), which decreased when individual curves were correlated between sessions (manual: ICC = 0.76, robot-guided: ICC = 0.84). Conclusion For a correct interpretation of longitudinal study outcomes it is important to know the subject specific LICI repeatability and to analyze each ISI individually. Furthermore, the added value of robot-guided coil positioning for paired pulse TMS seems limited. Significance The large variation in LICI repeatability at the subject level and ISI level should be taken into account in longitudinal studies, while robot-guided coil positioning seems unnecessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika A de Goede
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA - Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA - Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|