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Luo L, Gao W, Wang J, Wang D, Peng X, Jia Z, Jiang Y, Li G, Tang D, Wang Y. Study on the Mechanism of Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase 2 (CHEK2) Gene Dysfunction in Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3176-3183. [PMID: 29761796 PMCID: PMC5978023 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of CHEK2 gene dysfunction in drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Material/Methods To perform our study, a stable CHEK2 wild type (CHEK2 WT) or CHEK2 Y390C mutation (CHEK2 Y390C) expressed MDA-MB-231 cell line was established. MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay and cell cycle assay were carried out to analyze the cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle respectively. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied for related protein and gene expression detection. Results We found that the IC50 value of DDP (Cisplatin) to CHEK2 Y390C expressed MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly higher than that of the CHEK2 WT expressed cells and the control cells. After treatment with DDP for 48 h, cells expressing CHEK2 WT showed lower cell viability than that of the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells; compared with the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells, cells expressing CHEK2 WT showed significant G1/S arrest. Meanwhile, we found that compared with the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells, cell apoptosis was significantly increased in CHEK2 WT expressed cells. Moreover, our results suggested that cells expressing CHEK2 WT showed higher level of p-CDC25A, p-p53, p21, Bax, PUMA, and Noxa than that of the CHEK2 Y390C expressed cells and the control cells. Conclusions Our findings indicated that CHEK2 Y390C mutation induced the drug resistance of TNBC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through administrating cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via regulating p53 activation and CHEK2-p53 apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Department of Oncological Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Guihang Guiyang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Oncological Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Dingxue Wang
- Department of Oncological Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaoyang Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Oncology, GuiHang Guiyang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Gongzhuo Li
- Department of Oncology, GuiHang Guiyang Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Department of Science and Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Hong Y, Shi J, Ge Z, Wu H. Associations between mutations of the cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 gene and gastric carcinogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4287-4292. [PMID: 29067458 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive system. The etiology of gastric cancer is complex, and susceptibility at the genetic level remains to be fully elucidated in genetic investigations. In the present study, mutations of the cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene and its association with gastric cancer were examined. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the expression of CHEK2 and it was found that the expression of CHEK2 was low in gastric cancer. Using sequencing analysis, it was found that the low expression level of CHEK2 was associated with expression of its mutation. The present study also established a CHEK2‑overexpressing mutant and confirmed that CHEK2 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation. Overexpression of the CHEK2 mutation was confirmed to promote cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, western blot analysis results revealed that overexpression of the CHEK2 mutation downregulated E‑cadherin and upregulated vimentin expression, indicating the mechanism underlying the altered biological behavior. These results suggested that there was a correlation between mutation of the CHEK2 gene and gastric cancer, and provided an experimental basis for antitumor drug investigation and development according to its mutation target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Haorong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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An association study between CHEK2 gene mutations and susceptibility to breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:837-845. [PMID: 28680382 PMCID: PMC5489611 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
CHEK2 gene is known as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer (BC), which plays a role in DNA repair. The germ line mutations in CEHK2 have been associated with different types of cancer. The present study was aimed at studying the association between CHEK2 mutations and BC. Peripheral blood was collected from patients into a test tube containing EDTA, and DNA was extracted from blood samples. Then, we analyzed mutations including 1100delc, IVS2+1>A, del5395bp, and I157T within CHEK2 gene in patients with BC and 100 normal healthy controls according to PCR-RFLP, allelic specific PCR, and multiplex-PCR. Although IVS2+1G>A mutation within CHEK2 gene was found in two BC patients, other defined mutants were not detected. For the first time, we identified CHEK2 IVS2+1G>A mutation, one out of four different CHEK2 alterations in two Iranian BC patients (2%). Also, our results showed that CHEK2 1100elC, del5395bp, and I157T mutations are not associated with genetic susceptibility for BC among Iranian population.
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Fayaz S, Fard-Esfahani P, Torbati PM. Lack of CHEK2 gene mutations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients using high resolution melting analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5019-22. [PMID: 24998580 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mutations in the genes involved in cell cycle control, including CHEK2, are being considered as etiological factors in different kinds of cancers. The CHEK2 protein plays an important role in protecting damaged DNA from entering mitosis. In this study the potential effects of two common mutations IVS2+1G?A and Ile157Thr of CHEK2 gene in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were evaluated. A total of 100 patients admitted to the Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine were diagnosed with DTC based on pathology reports of surgery samples. An additional 100 people were selected as a control group with no cancer history. PCR-HRM (high resolution melting) analysis was performed to deal with each of mutations in all case and control samples separately. During the analysis of IVS2+1G?A and Ile157Thr mutations of CHEK2 gene in the case and control groups, all the samples were identified as wild homozygote type. The finding suggests that IVS2+1G?A and Ile157Thr mutations of CHEK2 gene do not constitute a risk factor for DTC in the Iranian population. However, further studies with a larger population are required to confirm the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Fayaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Hale V, Weischer M, Park JY. CHEK2 (∗) 1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2014; 2014:294575. [PMID: 25431674 PMCID: PMC4241328 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer. CHEK2 plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, of CHEK2 on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussed CHEK2 (∗)1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23-3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78-6.47) for familial cases, indicating that CHEK2 (∗)1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2(∗)1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hale
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and TP53 in patients at high-risk for HBOC: characterizing a Northeast Brazilian Population. Hum Genome Var 2014; 1:14012. [PMID: 27081505 PMCID: PMC4785545 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and TP53 in the development of hereditary early-onset breast and ovarian cancer and that the genetic susceptibility profile of the Northeast population from Brazil has never been analyzed, this study aimed to verify the frequency of mutations of clinical significance in these genes in high-risk hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome patients from that region. DNA samples from 106 high-risk unrelated patients mostly from Bahia, the biggest state in the Northeast region, were analyzed. These patients underwent full BRCA1 gene sequencing, screening for common founder mutations in the BRCA2, CHEK2 and TP53 genes and genetic ancestry analysis with nine ancestry informative markers. The positive results were confirmed by two sequencing reactions. Three mutations of clinical significance were found: BRCA1 p.R71G (4.71%), 3450del4 (3.77%) and TP53 p.R337H (0.94%). The genetic ancestry analysis showed a high European ancestry contribution (62.2%) as well as considerable African (31.2%) and Amerindian (6.6%) ancestry contributions (r2=0.991); this degree of heterogeneity was also significant in the population structure analysis (r=0.604). This population is highly admixed with a different spectrum of genetic susceptibility, with the Galician founder mutation BRCA1 p.R71G accounting for 50% of all identified mutations in high-risk HBOC patients. TP53 p.R337H was also significantly frequent; thus, the combined screening of BRCA1/2 and TP53 should be offered to high-risk HBOC patients from Northeast Brazil.
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Han FF, Guo CL, Liu LH. The effect of CHEK2 variant I157T on cancer susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:329-35. [PMID: 23713947 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is a checkpoint kinase that plays an important role in the DNA damage signaling network. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between the CHEK2 I157T variant and cancer susceptibility. However, the results of these studies on the association remain conflicting. The main purpose of this study was to integrate previous results and explore whether the CHEK2 I157T variant is associated with cancer susceptibility. PubMed, Embase (before 2012-10-1), Google Scholar, and CBMdisc were searched for studies on the relationship of the CHEK2 I157T variant and the incidence of cancer. Eligible articles were included for data extraction. The main outcome was the frequency of CHEK2 I157T polymorphisms between cases and controls. Comparison of the distribution of SNP was mainly performed using Review Manager 5.0. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of association. In total, 26,336 cases and 44,219 controls from 18 case-control studies were used in this meta-analysis, and significant associations of the CHEK2 I157T variant with cancer susceptibility were found (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19-1.63; p<0.0001), breast cancer (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.42-1.75, p<0.00001) and colorectal cancer (OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.24-2.26, p=0.0008). We also found an association of the CHEK2 I157T variant with familial cases (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.51-2.26, p<0.00001). However, the association was not established for other types of cancer (OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.75-1.57, p=0.66). This meta-analysis demonstrates that the CHEK2 I157T variant was an important cancer gene, which increases cancer risk, especially in breast and colorectal cancer in Caucasian, and the bioinformatic analysis showed this change was mainly attributed to the decreased hydrophobicity of CHEK2 157T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-fei Han
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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