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Wunderlich K, Suppa M, Gandini S, Lipski J, White JM, Del Marmol V. Risk Factors and Innovations in Risk Assessment for Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1016. [PMID: 38473375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is preventable. Various risk factors contribute to different types of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These risk factors encompass both extrinsic, such as UV exposure and behavioral components, and intrinsic factors, especially involving genetic predisposition. However, the specific risk factors vary among the skin cancer types, highlighting the importance of precise knowledge to facilitate appropriate early diagnosis and treatment for at-risk individuals. Better understanding of the individual risk factors has led to the development of risk scores, allowing the identification of individuals at particularly high risk. These advances contribute to improved prevention strategies, emphasizing the commitment to mitigating the impact of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wunderlich
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Gandini
- Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - J Lipski
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J M White
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Institute Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Surkov YI, Serebryakova IA, Kuzinova YK, Konopatskova OM, Safronov DV, Kapralov SV, Genina EA, Tuchin VV. Multimodal Method for Differentiating Various Clinical Forms of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Benign Neoplasms In Vivo. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:202. [PMID: 38248078 PMCID: PMC10814941 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Correct classification of skin lesions is a key step in skin cancer screening, which requires high accuracy and interpretability. This paper proposes a multimodal method for differentiating various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms that includes machine learning. This study was conducted on 37 neoplasms, including benign neoplasms and five different clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma. The proposed multimodal screening method combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the coefficients of melanin pigmentation, erythema, hemoglobin content, and the slope coefficient of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the wavelength range 650-800 nm were determined. Statistical texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images was used to calculate first- and second-order statistical parameters. The analysis of ultrasound images assessed the shape of the tumor according to parameters such as area, perimeter, roundness and other characteristics. Based on the calculated parameters, a machine learning algorithm was developed to differentiate the various clinical forms of basal cell carcinoma. The proposed algorithm for classifying various forms of basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms provided a sensitivity of 70.6 ± 17.3%, specificity of 95.9 ± 2.5%, precision of 72.6 ± 14.2%, F1 score of 71.5 ± 15.6% and mean intersection over union of 57.6 ± 20.1%. Moreover, for differentiating basal cell carcinoma and benign neoplasms without taking into account the clinical form, the method achieved a sensitivity of 89.1 ± 8.0%, specificity of 95.1 ± 0.7%, F1 score of 89.3 ± 3.4% and mean intersection over union of 82.6 ± 10.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy I. Surkov
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustic, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Isabella A. Serebryakova
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yana K. Kuzinova
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Olga M. Konopatskova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustic, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Dmitriy V. Safronov
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Kapralov
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Oncology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (Y.K.K.); (D.V.S.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elina A. Genina
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Institution of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (I.A.S.); (E.A.G.)
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustic, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC “Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 410028 Saratov, Russia
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