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Schäfer J, Wenck N, Janik K, Linnert J, Stingl K, Kohl S, Nagel-Wolfrum K, Wolfrum U. The Usher syndrome 1C protein harmonin regulates canonical Wnt signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1130058. [PMID: 36846582 PMCID: PMC9944737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common form of hereditary combined deaf-blindness. USH is a complex genetic disorder, and the pathomechanisms underlying the disease are far from being understood, especially in the eye and retina. The USH1C gene encodes the scaffold protein harmonin which organizes protein networks due to binary interactions with other proteins, such as all USH proteins. Interestingly, only the retina and inner ear show a disease-related phenotype, although USH1C/harmonin is almost ubiquitously expressed in the human body and upregulated in colorectal cancer. We show that harmonin binds to β-catenin, the key effector of the canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling pathway. We also demonstrate the interaction of the scaffold protein USH1C/harmonin with the stabilized acetylated β-catenin, especially in nuclei. In HEK293T cells, overexpression of USH1C/harmonin significantly reduced cWnt signaling, but a USH1C-R31* mutated form did not. Concordantly, we observed an increase in cWnt signaling in dermal fibroblasts derived from an USH1C R31*/R80Pfs*69 patient compared with healthy donor cells. RNAseq analysis reveals that both the expression of genes related to the cWnt signaling pathway and cWnt target genes were significantly altered in USH1C patient-derived fibroblasts compared to healthy donor cells. Finally, we show that the altered cWnt signaling was reverted in USH1C patient fibroblast cells by the application of Ataluren, a small molecule suitable to induce translational read-through of nonsense mutations, hereby restoring some USH1C expression. Our results demonstrate a cWnt signaling phenotype in USH establishing USH1C/harmonin as a suppressor of the cWnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Wenck
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Janik
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology and Photoreceptor Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,*Correspondence: Uwe Wolfrum,
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Wogonin induces apoptosis by activating the AMPK and p53 signaling pathways in human glioblastoma cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Qu CM, Liang SW, Li LY, Cao YJ, Wang XY, Zhai JY, Gong SJ, Liu QS. MiRNA expression profiling of rectal adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1407-1414. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i16.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the expression profile of microRNA (miRNA) between rectal adenocarcinoma and normal rectal mucosal tissue to identify genes possibly associated with the development of rectal cancer.
METHODS: MiRNA expression profiling of two rectal adenocarcinoma samples and two normal rectal tissue samples was performed using miRNA microarray. The possible targets of miRNAs were predicated using bioinformatic tools.
RESULTS: Fifty-five miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between rectal adenocarcinoma and normal tissues, with thirty-seven miRNAs up-regulated while eighteen down-regulated. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that ZFHX4 may be the target of miR-375, and that BACH2 and FZD3 may be the targets of miR-31.
CONCLUSION: There is a specific miRNA expression profile in rectal adenocarcinoma. MiRNAs play an important role in the development of rectal adenocarcinoma. Target mRNAs were primarily identified and worthy of further study.
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Kang K, Lee HJ, Yoo JH, Jho EH, Kim CY, Kim M, Nho CW. Cell and Nuclear Enlargement of SW480 Cells Induced by a Plant Lignan, Arctigenin: Evaluation of Cellular DNA Content Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:623-9. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yoo
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Phillips JB, Blanco-Sanchez B, Lentz JJ, Tallafuss A, Khanobdee K, Sampath S, Jacobs ZG, Han PF, Mishra M, Titus TA, Williams DS, Keats BJ, Washbourne P, Westerfield M. Harmonin (Ush1c) is required in zebrafish Müller glial cells for photoreceptor synaptic development and function. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:786-800. [PMID: 21757509 PMCID: PMC3209648 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome is the most prevalent cause of hereditary deaf-blindness, characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing impairment and progressive photoreceptor degeneration beginning in childhood or adolescence. Diagnosis and management of this disease are complex, and the molecular changes underlying sensory cell impairment remain poorly understood. Here we characterize two zebrafish models for a severe form of Usher syndrome, Usher syndrome type 1C (USH1C): one model is a mutant with a newly identified ush1c nonsense mutation, and the other is a morpholino knockdown of ush1c. Both have defects in hearing, balance and visual function from the first week of life. Histological analyses reveal specific defects in sensory cell structure that are consistent with these behavioral phenotypes and could implicate Müller glia in the retinal pathology of Usher syndrome. This study shows that visual defects associated with loss of ush1c function in zebrafish can be detected from the onset of vision, and thus could be applicable to early diagnosis for USH1C patients.
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Roy Choudhury D, Small C, Wang Y, Mueller PR, Rebel VI, Griswold MD, McCarrey JR. Microarray-based analysis of cell-cycle gene expression during spermatogenesis in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:663-75. [PMID: 20631398 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.084889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a continuum of cellular differentiation in a lineage that features three principal stages: 1) a mitotically active stage in spermatogonia, 2) a meiotic stage in spermatocytes, and 3) a postreplicative stage in spermatids. We used a microarray-based approach to identify changes in expression of cell-cycle genes that distinguish 1) mitotic type A spermatogonia from meiotic pachytene spermatocytes and 2) pachytene spermatocytes from postreplicative round spermatids. We detected expression of 550 genes related to cell-cycle function in one or more of these cell types. Although a majority of these genes were expressed during all three stages of spermatogenesis, we observed dramatic changes in levels of individual transcripts between mitotic spermatogonia and meiotic spermatocytes and between meiotic spermatocytes and postreplicative spermatids. Our results suggest that distinct cell-cycle gene regulatory networks or subnetworks are associated with each phase of the cell cycle in each spermatogenic cell type. In addition, we observed expression of different members of certain cell-cycle gene families in each of the three spermatogenic cell types investigated. Finally, we report expression of 221 cell-cycle genes that have not previously been annotated as part of the cell cycle network expressed during spermatogenesis, including eight novel genes that appear to be testis-specific.
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Ephrin B1 regulates bone marrow stromal cell differentiation and bone formation by influencing TAZ transactivation via complex formation with NHERF1. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 30:711-21. [PMID: 19995908 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00610-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of ephrin B1 in humans result in craniofrontonasal syndrome. Because little is known of the role and mechanism of action of ephrin B1 in bone, we examined the function of osteoblast-produced ephrin B1 in vivo and identified the molecular mechanism by which ephrin B1 reverse signaling regulates bone formation. Targeted deletion of the ephrin B1 gene in type 1alpha2 collagen-producing cells resulted in severe calvarial defects, decreased bone size, bone mineral density, and trabecular bone volume, caused by impairment in osterix expression and osteoblast differentiation. Coimmunoprecipitation of the TAZ complex with TAZ-specific antibody revealed a protein complex containing ephrin B1, PTPN13, NHERF1, and TAZ in bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells. Activation of ephrin B1 reverse signaling with soluble EphB2-Fc led to a time-dependent increase in TAZ dephosphorylation and shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus. Treatment of BMS cells with exogenous EphB2-Fc resulted in a 4-fold increase in osterix expression as determined by Western blotting. Disruption of TAZ expression using specific lentivirus small hairpin RNA (shRNA) decreased TAZ mRNA by 80% and ephrin B1 reverse signaling-mediated increases in osterix mRNA by 75%. Knockdown of NHERF1 expression reduced basal levels of osterix expression by 90% and abolished ephrin B1-mediated induction of osterix expression. We conclude that locally produced ephrin B1 mediates its effects on osteoblast differentiation by a novel molecular mechanism in which activation of reverse signaling leads to dephosphorylation of TAZ and subsequent release of TAZ from the ephrin B1/NHERF1/TAZ complex to translocate to the nucleus to induce expression of the osterix gene and perhaps other osteoblast differentiation genes. Our findings provide strong evidence that ephrin B1 reverse signaling in osteoblasts is critical for BMS cell differentiation and bone formation.
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Cui H, Hayashi A, Sun HS, Belmares MP, Cobey C, Phan T, Schweizer J, Salter MW, Wang YT, Tasker RA, Garman D, Rabinowitz J, Lu PS, Tymianski M. PDZ protein interactions underlying NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and neuroprotection by PSD-95 inhibitors. J Neurosci 2007; 27:9901-15. [PMID: 17855605 PMCID: PMC6672641 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1464-07.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuronal synapses, PDZ domains [postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/Discs large/zona occludens-1] of PSD-95 proteins interact with C termini of NMDA receptor [NMDAR (NR)] subunits, linking them to downstream neurotoxic signaling molecules. Perturbing NMDAR/PSD-95 interactions with a Tat peptide comprising the nine C-terminal residues of the NR2B subunit (Tat-NR2B9c) reduces neurons' vulnerability to excitotoxicity and ischemia. However, NR subunit C termini may bind many of >240 cellular PDZs, any of which could mediate neurotoxic signaling independently of PSD-95. Here, we performed a proteomic and biochemical analysis of the interactions of all known human PDZs with synaptic signaling proteins including NR1, NR2A-NR2D, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Tat-NR2B9c, whose interactions define PDZs involved in neurotoxic signaling, was also used. NR2A-NR2D subunits and Tat-NR2B9c had similar, highly specific, PDZ protein interactions, of which the strongest were with the PSD-95 family members (PSD-95, PSD-93, SAP97, and SAP102) and Tax interaction protein 1 (TIP1). The PSD-95 PDZ2 domain bound NR2A-NR2C subunits most strongly (EC50, approximately 1 microM), and fusing the NR2B C terminus to Tat enhanced its affinity for PSD-95 PDZ2 by >100-fold (EC50, approximately 7 nM). IC50 values for Tat-NR2B9c inhibiting NR2A-NR2C/PSD-95 interactions (approximately 1-10 microM) and nNOS/PSD-95 interactions (200 nM) confirmed the feasibility of such inhibition. To determine which of the PDZ interactions of Tat-NR2B9c mediate neuroprotection, one of PSD-95, PSD-93, SAP97, SAP102, TIP1, or nNOS expression was inhibited in cortical neurons exposed to NMDA toxicity. Only neurons lacking PSD-95 or nNOS but not PSD-93, SAP97, SAP102, or TIP1 exhibited reduced excitotoxic vulnerability. Thus, despite the ubiquitousness of PDZ domain-containing proteins, PSD-95 and nNOS above any other PDZ proteins are keys in effecting NMDAR-dependent excitotoxicity. Consequently, PSD-95 inhibition may constitute a highly specific strategy for treating excitotoxic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cui
- NoNO Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8X 1R5
| | - Amy Hayashi
- Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | | | | | - Thuymy Phan
- Arbor Vita Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94085
| | | | - Michael W. Salter
- NoNO Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8X 1R5
- Programme in Brain and Behaviour, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Yu Tian Wang
- Brain Research Center and Department of Medicine, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3, and
| | - R. Andrew Tasker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - David Garman
- Arbor Vita Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94085
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Departments of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Peter S. Lu
- Arbor Vita Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94085
| | - Michael Tymianski
- Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
- NoNO Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8X 1R5
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