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Hu Y, Huang Y, Xie X, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhang X. ARF6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through activating STAT3 signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37716993 PMCID: PMC10505330 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) possesses the high mortality in cancers worldwide. Nevertheless, the concrete mechanism underlying HCC proliferation remains obscure. In this study, we show that high expression of ARF6 is associated with a poor clinical prognosis, which could boost the proliferation of HCC. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect the expression level of ARF6 in HCC tissues. We analyzed the clinical significance of ARF6 in primary HCC patients. We estimated the effect of ARF6 on tumor proliferation with in vitro CCK8, colony formation assay, and in vivo nude mouse xenograft models. Immunofluorescence was conducted to investigate the ARF6 localization. western blotting was used to detect the cell cycle-related proteins with. Additionally, we examined the correlation between ARF6 and STAT3 signaling in HCC with western blotting, immunohistochemistry and xenograft assay. RESULTS ARF6 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. The increased expression of ARF6 correlated with poor tumor differentiation, incomplete tumor encapsulation, advanced tumor TNM stage and poor prognosis. ARF6 obviously promoted HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression. In vivo nude mouse xenograft models showed that ARF6 enhanced tumor growth. Furthermore, ARF6 activated the STAT3 signaling and ARF6 expression was positively correlated with phosphorylated STAT3 level in HCC tissues. Furthermore, after intervening of STAT3, the effect of ARF6 on tumor-promoting was weakened, which demonstrated ARF6 functioned through STAT3 signaling in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ARF6 promotes HCC proliferation through activating STAT3 signaling, suggesting that ARF6 may serve as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longshan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Bizoń M, Awiżeń-Panufnik Z, Sawicki W. Comparison of Interleukin-6 with Other Markers in Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37373969 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of specific symptoms in ovarian cancer delays onset of the diagnostic process. Hence, most cases are recognized in late stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to confirm the role of Il-6 compared to other markers in diagnosis and survival in ovarian cancer. The database was collected from 13 January 2021 to 15 February 2023. In total, 101 patients with pelvic tumors with a mean age of 57.86 ± 16.39 participated in the study. In every case, CA125, HE4, CEA, CA19-9, Il-6, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin measurements were taken. Patients with ovarian borderline tumor and metastatic ovarian tumors were excluded from further analysis. Statistically significant correlations were found between diagnosis of ovarian cancer and levels of CA125, HE4, CRP, PCT and Il-6. Comparison of Il-6 with other markers revealed that longer overall survival correlated with lower values of Il-6. In the case of a higher concentration of Il-6, OS and PFS were shorter. Sensitivity and specificity of Il-6 in diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 46.8% and 77.8%, respectively, while for CA125, CRP and PCT were 76.6% and 63%; 68% and 57.5%; 36% and 77%, respectively. More investigations are needed to identify the most specific and sensitive marker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bizoń
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland
- LUX MED Oncology Hospital, sw. Wincentego 103, 03-291 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zofia Awiżeń-Panufnik
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland
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3
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Villéger R, Chulkina M, Mifflin RC, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. Disruption of retinol-mediated IL-6 expression in colon cancer-associated fibroblasts: new perspectives on the role of vitamin A metabolism. Oncotarget 2023; 14:377-381. [PMID: 37185128 PMCID: PMC10132993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal myo-/fibroblasts (MFs) account for up to 30% of lamina propria cells in the normal human colon and their number is dramatically increased in colon cancer (CRC). Fibroblasts from cancers, also known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), differ from normal colonic MF (N-MFs) and support tumor-promoting inflammation, in part due to increased IL-6 secretion. In this editorial, we highlight recent data obtained regarding IL-6 regulation in colorectal cancer CAFs through vitamin A (retinol) metabolism, discuss current limitations in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to the CAF pro-inflammatory phenotype, and discuss potential approaches to target CAF retinoid metabolism during CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, France
| | - Marina Chulkina
- Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Randy C Mifflin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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4
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Villéger R, Chulkina M, Mifflin RC, Markov NS, Trieu J, Sinha M, Johnson P, Saada JI, Adegboyega PA, Luxon BA, Beswick EJ, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. Loss of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B in cancer-associated fibroblasts: contribution to the increase of tumor-promoting IL-6 in colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:537-548. [PMID: 36482184 PMCID: PMC9938173 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in IL-6 by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to colon cancer progression, but the mechanisms involved in the increase of this tumor-promoting cytokine are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify novel targets involved in the dysregulation of IL-6 expression by CAFs in colon cancer. METHODS Colonic normal (N), hyperplastic, tubular adenoma, adenocarcinoma tissues, and tissue-derived myo-/fibroblasts (MFs) were used in these studies. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated a striking decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) expression, a gene potentially involved in IL-6 dysregulation in CAFs. ADH1B expression was downregulated in approximately 50% of studied tubular adenomas and all T1-4 colon tumors, but not in hyperplastic polyps. ADH1B metabolizes alcohols, including retinol (RO), and is involved in the generation of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA). LPS-induced IL-6 production was inhibited by either RO or its byproduct atRA in N-MFs, but only atRA was effective in CAFs. Silencing ADH1B in N-MFs significantly upregulated LPS-induced IL-6 similar to those observed in CAFs and lead to the loss of RO inhibitory effect on inducible IL-6 expression. CONCLUSION Our data identify ADH1B as a novel potential mesenchymal tumor suppressor, which plays a critical role in ADH1B/retinoid-mediated regulation of tumor-promoting IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Laboratoire Ecologie and Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marina Chulkina
- Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Randy C Mifflin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Nikolay S Markov
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy Trieu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Mala Sinha
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Paul Johnson
- Department of Surgery, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jamal I Saada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Patrick A Adegboyega
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63106, USA
| | - Bruce A Luxon
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine at PennState Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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5
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Huang B, Lang X, Li X. The role of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023177. [PMID: 36591515 PMCID: PMC9800921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation. It can activate janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. As one of the important signal transduction pathways in cells, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation by affecting the activation state of downstream effector molecules. The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in tumorigenesis and development. It contributes to the formation of tumor inflammatory microenvironment and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many human tumors. This article focuses on the relationship between IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer, hoping to provide references for the research of cancer treatment targeting key molecules in IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Lang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
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6
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Infertility Cytotherapy: A Retrospective Review. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8882368. [PMID: 34054970 PMCID: PMC8143877 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8882368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global reproductive disorder which is caused by a variety of complex diseases. Infertility affects the individual, family, and community through physical, psychological, social and economic consequences. The results from recent preclinical studies regarding stem cell-based therapies are promising. Stem cell-based therapies cast a new hope for infertility treatment as a replacement or regeneration strategy. The main features and application prospects of mesenchymal stem cells in the future of infertility should be understood by clinicians. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with abundant source, active proliferation, and multidirectional differentiation potential. MSCs play a role through cell homing, secretion of active factors, and participation in immune regulation. Another advantage is that, compared with embryonic stem cells, there are fewer ethical factors involved in the application of MSCs. However, a number of questions remain to be answered prior to safe and effective clinical application. In this review, we summarized the recent status of MSCs in the application of the diseases related to or may cause to infertility and suggest a possible direction for future cytotherapy to infertility.
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7
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Huang T, Li F, Cheng X, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang B, Tang Y, Li Q, Zhou C, Tu S. Wnt Inhibition Sensitizes PD-L1 Blockade Therapy by Overcoming Bone Marrow-Derived Myofibroblasts-Mediated Immune Resistance in Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619209. [PMID: 33790893 PMCID: PMC8006364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been recognized as one cause of tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, but the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In the present study, a bone marrow-derived CAF (BMF) -rich tumor model is successfully established by subcutaneously mixed inoculation of BMFs and tumor cells into mice and the BMF-mixed tumor xenografts are demonstrated to be resistant to anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy compared to the mere tumor xenografts. In vitro assays via the co-culture system of BMFs and tumor cells indicate that the co-cultured BMFs are induced to overexpress PD-L1, while there is no such a phenomenon in the co-cultured cancer cells. The further knock-out of PD-L1 in BMFs rescues the sensitivity of BMF-mixed tumor xenografts to PD-L1 blockade therapy. Mechanistically, via the microarray assay, we identify that the upregulation of PD-L1 in BMFs stimulated by cancer cells is medicated by the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMFs. Moreover, the administration of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors, including XAV-939 and Wnt-C59, distinctly inhibits the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in the co-cultured BMFs. The further combination administration of XAV-939 significantly potentiates the therapeutic outcome of PD-L1 blockade therapy in BMF-mixed tumors. In summary, our study demonstrates that Wnt inhibition augments PD-L1 blockade efficacy by overcoming BMF-mediated immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuiping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607909. [PMID: 33363037 PMCID: PMC7759153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abancens
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Bustos
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro de Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile
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9
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Wang J, Li Q, Cheng X, Zhang B, Lin J, Tang Y, Li F, Yang CS, Wang TC, Tu S. Bone Marrow-Derived Myofibroblasts Promote Gastric Cancer Metastasis by Activating TGF-β1 and IL-6/STAT3 Signalling Loop. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10567-10580. [PMID: 33116635 PMCID: PMC7585554 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s266506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Murine bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts (BMFs) have previously been shown to promote gastric cancer growth. However, whether BMFs promote gastric cancer cell metastasis remains largely unknown. Methods Wound healing assay, Transwell invasion and migration assay and 3D organotypic co-culture systems were conducted to study the effects of BMFs on invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells and the invasion and migration ability of gastric cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC-LCs) induced by BMFs. We employed two animal model to study the role of BMFs on the in vivo metastasis of gastric cancer cells and the metastatic ability of gastric BMF-induced CSC-LCs. A human gastric cancer tissue microarray and TCGA gastric cancer database were analysed to study the relationship between the expression of IL-6 and TGF-β1 and clinicopathological characteristics and survival in gastric cancer. Results We found that BMFs promoted the in vitro migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. BMFs promoted liver, lung, subcutaneous, and splenic metastases of MKN28 cells in the spleen injection liver metastasis model and co-injection of caudal vein (IOCV) mouse model. BMFs reprogrammed non-gastric cancer stem cell (CSC) to CSC-LCs and enhanced CSC-LC migration and metastasis. BMF-derived IL-6 and gastric cancer cell-secreted TGF-β1 mediated the interaction between BMFs and gastric cancer cells, promoting tumour metastasis. BMFs enhanced the expressions of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in co-cultured gastric cancer cells. A combination of Napabucasin and Galunisertib exhibited the strongest inhibition of cell migration compared to when administered alone. Gastric cancer tissue array and TCGA database indicated that the overexpression of IL-6 and TGF-β1 was associated with gastric cancer metastasis. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that BMFs promote gastric cancer metastasis through the activation of the TGF-β1 and IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathways. Targeting the inhibition of these interactions may be a potent therapeutic strategy for addressing gastric cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Li
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuli Li
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuiping Tu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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10
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Li J, Huang L, Zhao H, Yan Y, Lu J. The Role of Interleukins in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2323-2339. [PMID: 32760201 PMCID: PMC7378639 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.46651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress has been made in treatment strategies, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the predominant life-threatening malignancy with the feature of high morbidity and mortality. It has been widely acknowledged that the dysfunction of immune system, including aberrantly expressed cytokines, is strongly correlated with the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. As one of the most well-known cytokines that were discovered centuries ago, interleukins are now uncovering new insights into colorectal cancer therapy. Herein, we divide currently known interleukins into 6 families, including IL-1 family, IL-2 family, IL-6 family, IL-8 family, IL-10 family and IL-17 family. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the oncogenic or antitumour function of each interleukin involved in CRC pathogenesis and progression by elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, by providing interleukins-associated clinical trials, we have further driven the profound prospect of interleukins in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hanzhang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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11
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Xu J, Tang Y, Sheng X, Tian Y, Deng M, Du S, Lv C, Li G, Pan Y, Song Y, Lou P, Luo Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Chen Y, Liu Z, Cong Y, Plikus MV, Meng Q, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Secreted stromal protein ISLR promotes intestinal regeneration by suppressing epithelial Hippo signaling. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103255. [PMID: 32128839 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway plays an essential role in epithelial cells during intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism linking stromal signals to YAP-mediated intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis is poorly defined. Here, we report a stroma-epithelium ISLR-YAP signaling axis essential for stromal cells to modulate epithelial cell growth during intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis. Specifically, upon inflammation and in cancer, an oncogenic transcription factor ETS1 in stromal cells induces expression of a secreted protein ISLR that can inhibit Hippo signaling and activate YAP in epithelial cells. Deletion of Islr in stromal cells in mice markedly impaired intestinal regeneration and suppressed tumorigenesis in the colon. Moreover, the expression of stromal cell-specific ISLR and ETS1 significantly increased in inflamed mucosa of human IBD patients and in human colorectal adenocarcinoma, accounting for the epithelial YAP hyperactivation. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the signaling crosstalk between stroma and epithelium during tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratories of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Tenth Peoples Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaole Sheng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Tian
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Du
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guili Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Song
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbo Lou
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratories of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abudoureyimu M, Lai Y, Tian C, Wang T, Wang R, Chu X. Oncolytic Adenovirus-A Nova for Gene-Targeted Oncolytic Viral Therapy in HCC. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1182. [PMID: 31781493 PMCID: PMC6857090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, particularly in China. Despite the development of HCC treatment strategies, the survival rate remains unpleasant. Gene-targeted oncolytic viral therapy (GTOVT) is an emerging treatment modality-a kind of cancer-targeted therapy-which creates viral vectors armed with anti-cancer genes. The adenovirus is a promising agent for GAOVT due to its many advantages. In spite of the oncolytic adenovirus itself, the host immune response is the determining factor for the anti-cancer efficacy. In this review, we have summarized recent developments in oncolytic adenovirus engineering and the development of novel therapeutic genes utilized in HCC treatment. Furthermore, the diversified roles the immune response plays in oncolytic adenovirus therapy and recent attempts to modulate immune responses to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubalake Abudoureyimu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongting Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Higashino N, Koma YI, Hosono M, Takase N, Okamoto M, Kodaira H, Nishio M, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. Fibroblast activation protein-positive fibroblasts promote tumor progression through secretion of CCL2 and interleukin-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 99:777-792. [PMID: 30683902 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive tumor with frequent recurrence even after curative resection. The tumor microenvironment, which consists of non-cancer cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), was recently reported to promote several cancers, including ESCC. However, the role of CAF as a coordinator for tumor progression in ESCC remains to be elucidated. In our immunohistochemical investigation of ESCC tissues, we observed that the intensity of expression of two CAF markers-alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-in the tumor stroma was significantly correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, advanced pathological stage, and poor prognosis. We co-cultured human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with ESCC cells and confirmed the induction of FAP expression in the co-cultured MSCs. These FAP-positive MSCs (which we defined as CAF-like cells) promoted the cell growth and migration of ESCC cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophage-like cells. CAF-like cells induced the M2 polarization of macrophage-like cells. A cytokine array and ELISA revealed that CAF-like cells secreted significantly more CCL2, Interleukin-6, and CXCL8 than MSCs. These cytokines promoted the migration of tumor cells and macrophage-like cells. The silencing of FAP in CAF-like cells attenuated cytokine secretion. We compared cell signaling of MSCs, CAF-like cells, and FAP-silenced CAF-like cells; PTEN/Akt and MEK/Erk signaling were upregulated and their downstream targets, NF-κB and β-catenin, were also activated with FAP expression. Silencing of FAP attenuated these effects. Cytokine secretion from CAF-like cells were attenuated by inhibitors against these signaling pathways. These findings indicate that the collaboration of CAFs with tumor cells and macrophages plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, and that FAP expression is responsible for the tumor promotive and immunosuppressive phenotypes of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhide Higashino
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hosono
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Takase
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Maiko Okamoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Himiko Kodaira
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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14
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Zhao Z, Xiong S, Wang R, Li Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Bai S, Chen W, Zhao Y, Cheng B. Peri-tumor fibroblasts promote tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via Interleukin6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2889-2901. [PMID: 31118769 PMCID: PMC6489558 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s192263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Because many hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases develop from fibrotic or cirrhotic livers, fibroblasts are abundant in the microenvironment of HCC. Although the contribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to the progression of HCC is well established, the role of fibroblasts has not been comprehensively revealed. Patients and methods: The RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array was used to elucidate the role of peri-tumor fibroblasts (PTFs) in promoting malignant properties of HCC. IL-6 and STAT3 signaling were inhibited in both HCC cell lines and non-tumor L-02 liver cells to further determine its role in the progression of HCC. Moreover, the expression of IL-6 and pTyr705 STAT3 was detected in HCC samples and peri-tumor liver tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Results: PTFs not only promoted the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer cells, but also stimulated the permanent malignant transformation of human non-tumor L-02 liver cells, resulting in hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. The RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array indicated that PTFs secreted a higher level of soluble IL-6 than CAFs. IL-6 derived from PTFs greatly activated STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation in both non-tumor L-02 cells and HCC cells. IL-6-neutralizing antibody and STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation inhibitor, cryptotanshinone, largely abolished the positive effects of PTFs on HCC carcinogenesis and progression. Moreover, high expression of pTyr705 STAT3 in peri-tumor tissues was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence rate after three years in a postsurgical follow-up with patients with HCC. Conclusion: These results indicated that PTFs induce carcinogenesis and development of HCC via IL-6 and STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiju Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Goulet CR, Champagne A, Bernard G, Vandal D, Chabaud S, Pouliot F, Bolduc S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through paracrine IL-6 signalling. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:137. [PMID: 30744595 PMCID: PMC6371428 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated by tumour cells, are the predominant type of stromal cells in cancer tissue and play an important role in interacting with neoplastic cells to promote cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. However, the mechanism by which CAFs induce EMT program in bladder cancer cells remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the role of CAFs in bladder cancer progression, healthy primary bladder fibroblasts (HFs) were induced into CAFs (iCAFs) by bladder cancer-derived exosomes. Effect of conditioned medium from iCAFs (CM iCAF) on EMT markers expression of non-invasive RT4 bladder cancer cell line was determined by qPCR and Western blot. IL6 expression in iCAFs was evaluated by ELISA and Western blot. RT4 cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in CM iCAF +/- anti-IL6 neutralizing antibody using cyQUANT assay, scratch test and transwell chamber respectively. We investigated IL6 expression relevance for bladder cancer progression by querying gene expression datasets of human bladder cancer specimens from TCGA and GEO genomic data platforms. RESULTS Cancer exosome-treated HFs showed CAFs characteristics with high expression levels of αSMA and FAP. We showed that the CM iCAF induces the upregulation of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin and vimentin, while repressing epithelial markers E-cadherin and p-ß-catenin expression in non-invasive RT4 cells. Moreover, EMT transcription factors SNAIL1, TWIST1 and ZEB1 were upregulated in CM iCAF-cultured RT4 cells compared to control. We also showed that the IL-6 cytokine was highly expressed by CAFs, and its receptor IL-6R was found on RT4 bladder cancer cells. The culture of RT4 bladder cancer cells with CM iCAF resulted in markedly promoted cell growth, migration and invasion. Importantly, inhibition of CAFs-secreted IL-6 by neutralizing antibody significantly reversed the IL-6-induced EMT phenotype, suggesting that this cytokine is necessary for CAF-induced EMT in the progression of human bladder cancer. Finally, we observed that IL6 expression is up-regulated in aggressive bladder cancer and correlate with CAF marker ACTA2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CAFs promote aggressive phenotypes of non-invasive bladder cancer cells through an EMT induced by the secretion of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Ringuette Goulet
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Audrey Champagne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Dominique Vandal
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, 1401, 18e rue, Quebec city, Québec G1J 1Z4 Canada
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16
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Chronic Niche Inflammation in Endometriosis-Associated Infertility: Current Understanding and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082385. [PMID: 30104541 PMCID: PMC6121292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age and accounts for up to 50% of female infertility cases. It has been highly associated with poorer outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART), including decreased oocyte retrieval, lower implantation, and pregnancy rates. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility is crucial for improving infertility treatment outcomes. Current theories regarding how endometriosis reduces fertility include anatomical distortion, ovulatory dysfunction, and niche inflammation-associated peritoneal or implantation defects. This review will survey the latest evidence on the role of inflammatory niche in the peritoneal cavity, ovaries, and uterus of endometriosis patients. Nonhormone treatment strategies that target these inflammation processes are also included. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are highlighted for potential endometriosis treatment because of their immunomodulatory effects and tropism toward inflamed lesion foci. Potential applications of stem cell therapy in treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility in particular for safety and efficacy are discussed.
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17
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Zhou R, Xu T, Liu X, Chen Y, Kong D, Tian H, Yue M, Huang D, Zeng J. Activation of spinal dorsal horn P2Y 13 receptors can promote the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. J Pain Res 2018; 11:615-628. [PMID: 29628771 PMCID: PMC5877493 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s154437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The dorsal horn P2Y13 receptor is involved in the development of pain behavior induced by peripheral nerve injury. It is unclear whether the expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 at the spinal dorsal horn are influenced after the activation of P2Y13 receptor in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Methods A rat model of type 1 DNP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). We examined the expression of P2Y13 receptor, Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6, JAK2, STAT3, pTyr1336, and pTyr1472 NR2B in rat spinal dorsal horn. Results Compared with normal rats, STZ-diabetic rats displayed obvious mechanical allodynia and the increased expression of P2Y13 receptor, Iba-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the dorsal spinal cord that was continued for 6 weeks in DNP rats. The data obtained indicated that, in DNP rats, administration of MRS2211 significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia. Compared with DNP rats, after MRS2211 treatment, expression of the P2Y13 receptor, Iba-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced 4 weeks after the STZ injection. However, MRS2211 treatment did not attenuate the expression of the P2Y13 receptor, Iba-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 at 6 weeks after the STZ injection. MRS2211 suppressed JAK2 and STAT3 expression in the early stage, but not in the later stage. Moreover, pTyr1336 NR2B was significantly decreased, whereas pTyr1472 NR2B was unaffected in the dorsal spinal cord of MRS2211-treated DNP rats. Conclusion Intrathecal MRS2211 produces an anti-nociceptive effect in early-stage DNP. A possible mechanism involved in MRS2211-induced analgesia is that blocking the P2Y13 receptor downregulates levels of IL-1β and IL-6, which subsequently inhibit the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, blocking the activation of the P2Y13 receptor can decrease NR2B-containing NMDAR phosphorylation in dorsal spinal cord neurons, thereby attenuating central sensitization in STZ-induced DNP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - YuanShou Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - DeYing Kong
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Yue
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dujuan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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18
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Dixit R, Raza M, Kumar M, Basu S, Shukla VK. Expression Analysis of Survivin and XIAP in Gallbladder Cancer: a Case-control Study in Indo-Gangetic Plain. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 49:487-492. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Kawasaki H, Saotome T, Usui T, Ohama T, Sato K. Regulation of intestinal myofibroblasts by KRas-mutated colorectal cancer cells through heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3128-3136. [PMID: 28339087 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, gain-of-function mutations in KRas play a critical role in malignant transformation. Tumor growth in colorectal cancer is known to be promoted by the intestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs) that localize adjacent to the cancer cells, but the mechanisms of interaction between KRas-mutated cancer cells and the myofibroblasts remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of KRas-mutated cells on the behavior of myofibroblasts by using mouse primary IMFs and cells of an IMF cell line (LmcMF) and a mouse colon epithelial cell line (aMoC1). Conditioned medium (CM) was collected from aMoC1 cells overexpressing a control vector or KRasV12 vector (KRasV12-CM), and the effects of KRasV12-CM on IMFs were analyzed by performing proliferation assays, wound-healing assays, Boyden chamber assays, and western blotting. Whereas KRasV12-CM exerted little effect on the differentiation and proliferation of primary IMFs, the CM promoted migration of both primary IMFs and LmcMF cells. In KRasV12-overexpressing aMoC1 cells, mRNA expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) was higher than in mock-transfected aMoC1 cells, and HB-EGF promoted the migration of primary IMFs and LmcMF cells. Moreover, KRasV12-CM-induced IMF migration was suppressed by dacomitinib, an inhibitor of HB-EGF receptors. Notably, in LmcMF cells, both KRasV12-CM and HB-EGF activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), whereas KRasV12-CM-induced migration of IMFs was suppressed following treatment with either an ERK inhibitor (FR180204) or a JNK inhibitor (SP600125). These results suggest that HB-EGF secreted from KRas-mutated colorectal cancer cells promotes IMF migration through ERK and JNK activation, which, in turn, could support cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyoshi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takuya Saotome
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibit Interferon Signaling in Hepatocytes by Increasing Ubiquitin-Like Protease 18 (USP18) Expression. J Virol 2016; 90:5549-5560. [PMID: 27009955 PMCID: PMC4886784 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02557-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may be maladaptive to the control of viral infection when it impairs interferon (IFN) responses, enhancing viral replication and spread. Dysregulated immunity as a result of inappropriate innate inflammatory responses is a hallmark of chronic viral infections such as, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that expression of an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG), ubiquitin-like protease (USP)18 is upregulated in chronic HCV infection, leading to impaired hepatocyte responses to IFN-α. We examined the ability of inflammatory stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 to upregulate hepatocyte USP18 expression and blunt the IFN-α response. Human hepatoma cells and primary murine hepatocytes were treated with TNF-α/LPS/IL-6/IL-10 and USP18, phosphorylated (p)-STAT1 and myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (Mx1) expression was determined. Treatment of Huh7.5 cells and primary murine hepatocytes with LPS and TNF-α, but not IL-6 or IL-10, led to upregulated USP18 expression and induced an IFN-α refractory state, which was reversed by USP18 knockdown. Liver inflammation was induced in vivo using a murine model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury led to an induction of USP18 expression in liver tissue and promotion of lymphocytic choriomeningitis replication. These data demonstrate that certain inflammatory stimuli (TNF-α and LPS) but not others (IL-6 and IL-10) target USP18 expression and thus inhibit IFN signaling. These findings represent a new paradigm for how inflammation alters hepatic innate immune responses, with USP18 representing a potential target for intervention in various inflammatory states. IMPORTANCE Inflammation may prevent the control of viral infection when it impairs the innate immune response, enhancing viral replication and spread. Blunted immunity as a result of inappropriate innate inflammatory responses is a common characteristic of chronic viral infections. Previous studies have shown that expression of certain interferon-stimulated genes is upregulated in chronic HCV infection, leading to impaired hepatocyte responses. In this study, we show that multiple inflammatory stimuli can modulate interferon stimulated gene expression and thus inhibit hepatocyte interferon signaling via USP18 induction. These findings represent a new paradigm for how inflammation alters hepatic innate immune responses, with the induction of USP18 representing a potential target for intervention in various inflammatory states.
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Li K, Li X, Wu Z, Zheng L, Cui Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Yan Z. Adenovirus encoding XAF-1 and TNF‑α in the same open reading frame efficiently inhibits hepatocellular cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5169-76. [PMID: 27121136 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)‑associated factor 1 (XAF‑1), a tumor suppressor, is downregulated in most human malignant tumors. However, the tumor suppressive role of XAF‑1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its therapeutic value require further elucidation. The present study examined the expression of XAF‑1 at the mRNA and protein level in the HCC and paired peritumor tissue specimens, as well as in HCC cell lines and a normal liver cell line. A recombinant adenovirus which co‑expressed XAF‑1 and TNF‑α was then constructed, and its effects on the proliferation and colony formation ability of the MHCC97H HCC cell line were assessed using apoptosis induction, flow cytometry, trypan blue staining assay and a clonogenic assay. The results demonstrated that the expression of XAF‑1 was significantly reduced in HCC tissues compared with that in their matched peritumor specimens, and a significant correlation with the tumor size, stage and tumor ‑ nodes ‑ metastasis stage was identified. The reduced levels of XAF‑1 were further confirmed the HCC cell lines MHCC97L, HepG2 and MHCC97H compared with those in the L02 normal liver cell line. The recombinant adenovirus Ad‑XAF‑1&TNF‑α, which co‑expressed XAF‑1 and TNF‑α, was shown to efficiently express the two proteins at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, infection with Ad‑XAF‑1&TNF‑α synergistically induced apoptosis, reduced the proliferation and colony formation ability of MHCC97L cells to a significantly greater extent than overexpression of XAF‑1 or TNF‑α individually. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to construct an adenovirus which co‑expressed XAF‑1 and TNF‑α in the same open reading frame and expressed them proportionally. As Ad‑XAF‑1&TNF‑α inhibited HCC cells with enhanced efficiency, it may be applicable for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hepatobiliary Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hepatobiliary Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liansheng Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Cui
- Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
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Bharti R, Dey G, Mandal M. Cancer development, chemoresistance, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stem cells: A snapshot of IL-6 mediated involvement. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:51-61. [PMID: 26945971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine present in tumor microenvironment. Elevated level of IL-6 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis through fueling STAT3, MAPK and Akt signaling. It promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through altered expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, twist and E-cadherin leading to cancer metastasis. IL-6 boosts mammosphere formation, self-renewal of stem cells, stemness properties of cancer cells and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells. IL-6 is also a contributing factor for multidrug resistance in cancer due to gp130/MAPK/STAT3 mediated activation of transcription factors C/EBPβ/δ, overexpression of p-glycoprotein, EMT transition and expansion of stem cells. The in-depth investigation of IL-6 mediated cellular effects and its signaling pathway can provide the new window for future research and clinical development of IL-6 targeted therapy in cancer. Thus, an overview is delivered in this review deciphering the emerging aspect of the predominant influence of IL-6 in malignant transformation, EMT, cancer-associated stem cells and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bharti
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Dey
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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23
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Zhao WJ, Deng BY, Wang XM, Miao Y, Wang JN. XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1) represses expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and regulates invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2453-8. [PMID: 25824780 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) associated factor 1 (XAF1) exhibits aberrantly low or absent expression in various human malignancies, closely associated with anti-apoptosis and overgrowth of cancer cells. However, limited attention has been directed towards the contribution of XAF1 to invasion, apoptosis, and cisplatin (DDP)-resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of XAF1 on invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cisplatin-resistance by overexpressing XAF1 in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The pEGFP-C1-XAF1 plasmid was transfected into SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells, and the expression of XAF1 at both mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Overexpression of XAF1 suppressed XIAP expression in both SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells. Transwell invasion assays demonstrated that XAF1 exerted a strong anti-invasive effect in XAF1-overexpressing cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that XAF1 overexpression arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and cell apoptosis analysis showed that overexpression of XAF1 enhanced apoptosis of SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells apparently by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, MTT assay confirmed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of cisplatin in the tested tumor cells, and overexpression of XAF1 increased the sensitivity of SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells to cisplatin-mediated anti- proliferative effects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data indicated that overexpression of XAF1 could suppress XIAP expression, inhibit invasion, arrest cell cycle, promote apoptosis, and confer cisplatin-sensitivity in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells. Therefore, XAF1 may be further assessed as a potential target for the treatment of both cisplatin-resistant and non-resistant EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China E-mail :
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24
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Huynh PT, Beswick EJ, Coronado YA, Johnson P, O'Connell MR, Watts T, Singh P, Qiu S, Morris K, Powell DW, Pinchuk IV. CD90(+) stromal cells are the major source of IL-6, which supports cancer stem-like cells and inflammation in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1971-81. [PMID: 26595254 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine increased in CRC and known to directly promote tumor growth. Colonic myofibroblasts/fibroblasts (CMFs or stromal cells) are CD90(+) innate immune cells representing up to 30% of normal colonic mucosal lamina propria cells. They are expanded in CRC tumor stroma, where they also known as a cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Cells of mesenchymal origin, such as normal myofibroblasts/fibroblasts, are known to secrete IL-6; however, their contribution to the increase in IL-6 in CRC and to tumor-promoting inflammation is not well defined. Using in situ, ex vivo and coculture analyses we have demonstrated that the number of IL-6 producing CMFs is increased in CRC (C-CMFs) and they represent the major source of IL-6 in T2-T3 CRC tumors. Activity/expression of stem cell markers-aldehyde dehydrogenase and LGR5- was significantly up-regulated in colon cancer cells (SW480, Caco-2 or HT29) cultured in the presence of conditioned medium from tumor isolated C-CMFs in an IL-6 dependent manner. C-CMF and its derived condition medium, but not normal CMF isolated from syngeneic normal colons, induced differentiation of tumor promoting inflammatory T helper 17 cells (Th17) cell responses in an IL-6 dependent manner. Our study suggests that CD90(+) fibroblasts/myofibroblasts may be the major source of IL-6 in T2-T3 CRC tumors, which supports the stemness of tumor cells and induces an immune adaptive inflammatory response (a.k.a. Th17) favoring tumor growth. Taken together our data supports the notion that IL-6 producing CAFs (a.k.a. C-CMFs) may provide a useful target for treating or preventing CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Huynh
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Yun A Coronado
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Paul Johnson
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Malaney R O'Connell
- Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Tammara Watts
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Pomila Singh
- Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Departments of Pathology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Katherine Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Don W Powell
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Departments of Neuoroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Science at University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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25
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DAI XINGLIANG, CHEN HUA, CHEN YANMING, WU JINDING, WANG HAIYANG, SHI JIA, FEI XIFENG, WANG ZHIMIN, WANG AIDONG, DONG JUN, LAN QING, HUANG QIANG. Malignant transformation of host stromal fibroblasts derived from the bone marrow traced in a dual-color fluorescence xenograft tumor model. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2997-3006. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Blogowski W, Dolegowska K, Deskur A, Dolegowska B, Starzyńska T. An Attempt to Evaluate Selected Aspects of "Bone-Fat Axis" Function in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1303. [PMID: 26266370 PMCID: PMC4616689 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to a potential biochemical cross-talk between the metabolism of the adipose tissue (AT) and bone (marrow), termed "bone-fat axis." We hypothesized that selected substances, participating in this "dialog," are associated with body mass and peripheral trafficking of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in both healthy individuals and patients with obesity-associated malignancies such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma.We performed an analysis of the systemic levels of selected substances involved in the regulation of bone (marrow) homeostasis (parathormone, calcitonin, osteopontin, osteonectin, stem cell factor [SCF], and fibroblast growth factor-23) in 35 generally healthy volunteers and 35 patients with pancreatic cancer. Results were correlated with the absolute number of circulating BMSCs and body mass values. Additionally, subcutaneous and visceral/omental AT levels of the aforementioned molecules were analyzed in lean and overweight/obese individuals.Intensified steady-state trafficking of only Lin-CD45 + CD133 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells was observed in overweight/obese individuals and this was associated with BMI values and elevated levels of both osteonectin and SCF, which also correlated with BMI. In comparison to healthy individuals, patients with cancer had significantly higher osteopontin levels and lower values of both osteonectin and osteonectin/osteopontin ratio. While no significant correlation was observed between BMI and the number of circulating BMSCs in patients with cancer, peripheral trafficking of CD34 + KDR + CD31 + CD45-endothelial progenitor cells and CD105 + STRO-1 + CD45-mesenchymal stem cells was associated with the osteonectin/osteopontin ratio, which also correlated with BMI (r = 0.52; P < 0.05). AT levels of the examined substances were similar to those measured in the plasma, except for osteonectin, which was about 10 times lower.Our study highlights the potential role of osteonectin, osteopontin, and SCF as communication signals between the bone (marrow) and AT in both healthy individuals and patients with pancreatic cancer. We postulate that these molecules may be overlooked biochemical players linking body mass and BMSCs with obesity-associated cancer development and/or progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Blogowski
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland (WB); Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (KD); Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (AD); Department of Microbiology and Immunological Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland (BD); and Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (TS)
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27
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Tumor suppressor XAF1 induces apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5403-15. [PMID: 24980821 PMCID: PMC4170645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1), a XIAP-binding protein, is a tumor suppressor gene. XAF1 was silent or expressed lowly in most human malignant tumors. However, the role of XAF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of XAF1 on tumor growth and angiogenesis in hepatocellular cancer cells. Our results showed that XAF1 expression was lower in HCC cell lines SMMC-7721, Hep G2 and BEL-7404 and liver cancer tissues than that in paired non-cancer liver tissues. Adenovirus-mediated XAF1 expression (Ad5/F35-XAF1) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC cells in dose- and time- dependent manners. Infection of Ad5/F35-XAF1 induced cleavage of caspase -3, -8, -9 and PARP in HCC cells. Furthermore, Ad5/F35-XAF1 treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft model of liver cancer cells. Western Blot and immunohistochemistry staining showed that Ad5/F35-XAF1 treatment suppressed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is associated with tumor angiogenesis, in cancer cells and xenograft tumor tissues. Moreover, Ad5/F35-XAF1 treatment prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate that XAF1 inhibits tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. XAF1 may be a promising target for liver cancer treatment.
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28
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Caiazza F, Ryan EJ, Doherty G, Winter DC, Sheahan K. Estrogen receptors and their implications in colorectal carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25699240 PMCID: PMC4313613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon binding their cognate receptors, ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2), estrogens activate intracellular signaling cascades that have important consequences for cellular behavior. Historically linked to carcinogenesis in reproductive organs, estrogens have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of different cancer types of non-reproductive tissues including the colon. ERβ is the predominant estrogen receptor expressed in both normal and malignant colonic epithelium. However, during colon cancer progression, ERβ expression is lost, suggesting that estrogen signaling may play a role in disease progression. Estrogens may in fact exert an anti-tumor effect through selective activation of pro-apoptotic signaling mediated by ERβ, inhibition of inflammatory signals and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we analyze the estrogen pathway as a possible therapeutic avenue in colorectal cancer, we report the most recent experimental evidence to explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms of estrogen-mediated protection against colorectal tumorigenesis, and we discuss future challenges and potential avenues for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caiazza
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland ; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland ; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Glen Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland ; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Desmond C Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland ; Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Saint Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland ; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College , Dublin , Ireland ; Department of Pathology, Saint Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are debilitating conditions that result in intestinal damage due to chronic inflammation. In addition, the perpetual state of inflammation predisposes individuals to the development of colitis-associated cancer. Because of the immense immune cell infiltration into colon, cytokines produced by immune cells are major players in the initiation and progression of IBD and colitis-associated cancer. In this review, we will explore the functions of many key cytokines and their roles in IBD and colitis-associated cancer, as well as their influences on the immune system and stromal cells. Finally, we will briefly discuss current therapies and current clinical trials targeting cytokines in IBD.
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30
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Cheng M, Ho S, Yoo JH, Tran DHY, Bakirtzi K, Su B, Tran DHN, Kubota Y, Ichikawa R, Koon HW. Cathelicidin suppresses colon cancer development by inhibition of cancer associated fibroblasts. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2014; 8:13-29. [PMID: 25565877 PMCID: PMC4274046 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s70906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidin (LL-37 in humans and mCRAMP in mice) represents a family of endogenous antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptides. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can promote the proliferation of colon cancer cells and growth of colon cancer tumors. METHODS We examined the role of cathelicidin in the development of colon cancer, using subcutaneous human HT-29 colon-cancer-cell-derived tumor model in nude mice and azoxymethane- and dextran sulfate-mediated colon cancer model in C57BL/6 mice. We also determined the indirect antitumoral mechanism of cathelicidin via the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colon cancer cells and fibroblast-supported colon cancer cell proliferation. RESULTS Intravenous administration of cathelicidin expressing adeno-associated virus significantly reduced the size of tumors, tumor-derived collagen expression, and tumor-derived fibroblast expression in HT-29-derived subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Enema administration of the mouse cathelicidin peptide significantly reduced the size and number of colonic tumors in azoxymethane- and dextran sulfate-treated mice without inducing apoptosis in tumors and the adjacent normal colonic tissues. Cathelicidin inhibited the collagen expression and vimentin-positive fibroblast expression in colonic tumors. Cathelicidin did not directly affect HT-29 cell viability, but did significantly reduce tumor growth factor-β1-induced EMT of colon cancer cells. Media conditioned by the human colonic CCD-18Co fibroblasts promoted human colon cancer HT-29 cell proliferation. Cathelicidin pretreatment inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation mediated by media conditioned by human colonic CCD-18Co fibroblasts. Cathelicidin disrupted tubulin distribution in colonic fibroblasts. Disruption of tubulin in fibroblasts reduced fibroblast-supported colon cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Cathelicidin effectively inhibits colon cancer development by interfering with EMT and fibroblast-supported colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cheng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Ho
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Hwan Yoo
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Deanna Hoang-Yen Tran
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Bakirtzi
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bowei Su
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Hoang-Ngoc Tran
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzu Kubota
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Ichikawa
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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