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MRI-based radiomics signature is a quantitative prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10412. [PMID: 31320729 PMCID: PMC6639299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop prognosis signatures through a radiomics analysis for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by their pretreatment diagnosis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 208 radiomics features were extracted for each patient from a database of 303 patients. The patients were split into the training and validation cohorts according to their pretreatment diagnosis date. The radiomics feature analysis consisted of cluster analysis and prognosis model analysis for disease free-survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS). Additionally, two prognosis models using clinical features only and combined radiomics and clinical features were generated to estimate the incremental prognostic value of radiomics features. Patients were clustered by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) into two groups. It showed high correspondence with patients' T stage (p < 0.00001) and overall stage information (p < 0.00001) by chi-squared tests. There were significant differences in DFS (p = 0.0052), OS (p = 0.033), and LRFS (p = 0.037) between the two clustered groups but not in DMFS (p = 0.11) by log-rank tests. Radiomics nomograms that incorporated radiomics and clinical features could estimate DFS with the C-index of 0.751 [0.639, 0.863] and OS with the C-index of 0.845 [0.752, 0.939] in the validation cohort. The nomograms improved the prediction accuracy with the C-index value of 0.029 for DFS and 0.107 for OS compared with clinical features only. The DFS and OS radiomics nomograms developed in our study demonstrated the excellent prognostic estimation for NPC patients with a noninvasive way of MRI. The combination of clinical and radiomics features can provide more information for precise treatment decision.
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Zong D, Jiang N, Xu JH, Wang DJ, Zhu HF, Wu LR, Chen C, Yin L, He X. ZNF488 is an independent prognostic indicator in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promotes cell adhesion and proliferation via collagen IV/FAK/AKT/Cyclin D1 pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5871-5882. [PMID: 31303793 PMCID: PMC6605772 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ZNF488 acts as an oncogene which promotes cell invasion and endows tumor cells stem cell capacity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival in NPC remain undefined. Methods: In this study, 158 cases of confirmed NPC were subjected to immunohistochemistry staining for evaluating endogenous expression. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate the survival rates. The relationship between ZNF488 and clinicopathological characteristics was statistically calculated by chi-squared test, univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, adhesion assay, MTT and colony formation assays were performed for measuring adhesion and proliferation capacity. Cell cycle analysis via flow cytometry was conducted to explore cell cycle distribution. Western blot was used to detect pathway protein levels, and the pFAK (Y397) kit was used for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. Results: We demonstrated that high expression of ZNF488 was significantly correlated with locoregional failure (P=0.018) and distant metastasis (P=0.001). Patients with high ZNF488 expression had poorer overall survival (P<0.001), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (P<0.001), distance metastasis-free survival (P<0.001) and progression-free survival (P<0.001) than those with low ZNF488 group. Multivariate analysis showed that ZNF488 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for predicting NPC patients' survival (HR, 3.314; 95% CI, 1.489-7.386; P=0.003). Additionally, ZNF488-induced collagen IV/FAK/AKT to enhance adhesion ability meanwhile led to the upregulation of Cyclin D1 to facilitate cell proliferation through promoting cell cycle progression and inhibition of apoptosis through caspase-independent way. Conclusion: These results reveal that ZNF488, as an independent prognostic indicator, promotes cell adhesion and proliferation through collagen IV/FAK/AKT/Cyclin D1 pathway in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
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Kang M, Long J, Li G, Yan H, Feng G, Liu M, Zhu J, Wang R. A new staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on intensity-modulated radiation therapy: results of a prospective multicentric clinical study. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15252-61. [PMID: 26918446 PMCID: PMC4924784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a new clinical staging standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), based on intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), through a prospective multicenter clinical trial. EXPERIMENT DESIGN 492 NPC patients were selected from six hospitals in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China from January 2006 to December 2009. Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to calculate survival rates. Log-rank test was used to compare survival differences. RESULTS According to the seventh edition of the UICC/AJCC staging system, the differences between T1, T2 and T3 are not statistically significant, suggesting that T1, T2 and T3 could be combined as new T1. There were significant differences between all N stages except those of N3a and N3b, suggesting that N3a and N3b could be combined as new N3. Additionally, the overall survival (OS) curves of stages I, II, III and IVa were not significantly different. Therefore, we propose a new clinical NPC staging standard based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and IMRT as T stage (including T1 and T2) , N stage (including N0, N1, N2 and N3) and clinical staging includes I (T1N0M0), II (T1N1-2M0, T2N0M0), III (T2N1-2M0), IVa (TxN3M0) and IVb (TxNxM1). Recommended staging system performs better in risk difference and distribution balance . Furthermore, the differences in the 5-year curves of local relapse-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and OS were all statistically more significant than the seventh edition of the UICC/AJCC staging system. CONCLUSIONS Proposed staging system is more adaptable to IMRT and predicts the prognosis of NPC patients more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Long
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Guisheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liuzhou Worker Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First People's Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinxian Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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Wu LR, Jiang XS, Song X, Yu HL, Fan YX, Wang FJ, Huang SF, Guo WJ, He X, Liu JY. Comparing the efficacy of induction-concurrent with concurrent-adjuvant chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79953-79963. [PMID: 29108377 PMCID: PMC5668110 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to compare the efficacy of induction-concurrent (IC-CCRT) with concurrent-adjuvant (CCRT-AC) chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Materials and Methods Data on 834 patients with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic stage III-IVA (except T3N0) NPC receiving either IC-CCRT or CCRT-AC between July, 2004 and December, 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was adopted to balance prognostic factors and match patients. Survival outcomes of matched patients between IC-CCRT and CCRT-AC were compared. Results The median follow-up duration is 45.2 months (range, 1.07–145.4 months). Overall, 309 pairs were selected by PSM. Univariate analysis revealed the CCRT-AC group achieved significantly higher 3-year DFS (83.9% vs. 78.7 %; P = 0.014) and OS (87.6% vs. 87.0%; P = 0.031). Multivariate analysis also identified treatment group (IC-CCRT vs. CCRT-AC) as an independent prognostic factor for 3-year DFS (HR, 1.546; 95% CI, 1.113–2.149; P = 0.009) and OS (HR, 1.487; 95% CI, 1.035–2.136; P = 0.032). Subgroup analysis revealed IC-CCRT was a protective factor for DMFS (HR, 0.145; 95% CI, 0.043–0.488; P = 0.002) in stage III disease; however, it could adversely affected DFS (HR, 2.009; 95% CI, 1.316–3.065; P = 0.001), OS (HR, 1.671; 95% CI, 1.060–2.636; P = 0.027) and DMFS (HR, 1.986; 95% CI, 1.155–3.416; P = 0.013) in stage IVA disease. Conclusions CCRT-AC may be a more effective treatment modality in patients with stage IVA NPC disease, while IC-CCRT was superior in stage III disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue-Song Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Liang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan-Xin Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei-Jiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ju-Ying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
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Wu LR, Liu YT, Jiang N, Fan YX, Wen J, Huang SF, Guo WJ, Bian XH, Wang FJ, Li F, Song D, Wu JF, Jiang XS, Liu JY, He X. Ten-year survival outcomes for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy: An analysis of 614 patients from a single center. Oral Oncol 2017; 69:26-32. [PMID: 28559017 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has been applied in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for nearly twenty years, while little is known about the ten-year survival outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the 10-year survival outcomes for patients with NPC receiving IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on 614 patients with newly diagnosed, non-disseminated NPC treated by IMRT between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival outcomes stratified by tumor stage were compared. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 112.7months (range, 7.6-156.8months) for the entire cohort. The 10-year local relapse-free survival rates for T1, T2 and T3 were 94.2%, 92.5% and 91.4% (P>0.05), respectively, and significantly higher than that of T4 disease (79.3%, P<0.05 for all rates). As N category increased from N0 to N3, the 10-year distant metastasis-free survival rates significantly decreased accordingly (P<0.01 for all rates). Furthermore, the 10-year overall survival rates were 100%, 87.1%, 75.5% and 55.6% for stage I, II, III and IV, respectively (P<0.05 except stage I and II). Multivariate analysis established tumor stage and age as independent prognostic factors. Late toxicities were assessable for 495 (80.6%) patients and most were Grade I/II damages. Xerostomia (387 of 489, 79.1%) and hearing impairment (212 of 495, 42.8%) remained the most troublesome. CONCLUSION IMRT could achieve satisfactory survival outcomes for NPC patients with acceptable late toxicities. However, distant control still remains poor, especially for patients with N3 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya-Tian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan-Xin Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Bian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei-Jiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue-Song Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ju-Ying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Yin L, Bian XH, Wang X, Chen M, Wu J, Xu JH, Qian PD, Guo WJ, Jiang XS, Zhu HF, Gu JJ, Wu JF, Zhang YW, He X. Long-Term Results of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Advanced N2-3 Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137383. [PMID: 26367317 PMCID: PMC4569428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-stage is related to distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of different nedaplatin-based chemotherapy regimens in advanced N2-3 stage NPC patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Patients and Methods Between April 2005 and December 2009, a total of 128 patients with N2-3 advanced NPC were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated with IMRT concurrent with 2 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of either nedaplatin plus paclitaxel (NP group, n = 67) or nedaplatin plus fluorouracil and paclitaxel (NFP group, n = 61). Two to four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were then administered every 21 days following concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Results With a median follow-up of 60 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) for all patients were 81.4%, 71.5%, 87.8% and 82.0%, respectively. No significant difference in PFS (66.6% vs. 76.7%, P = 0.212) and LRRFS rates (89.0% vs. 86.3%, P = 0.664) was observed between the NP and NFP groups. The 5-year OS (75.4% vs. 88.5%, P = 0.046) and DMFS (75.1% vs. 89.0%, P = 0.042) rate were superior in the NFP group compared with the NP group. The NFP group had a higher incidence of grade 3–4 acute toxicities including bone marrow suppression (leukopenia: χ2 = 3.935, P = 0.047; anemia: χ2 = 9.760, P = 0.002; thrombocytopenia: χ2 = 8.821, P = 0.003), and both liver and renal dysfunction (χ2 = 5.206, P = 0.023) compared with the NP group. Late toxicities were moderate and no difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion IMRT concurrent with nedaplatin-based chemotherapy is an advocated regimen for patients with advanced N2-3 stage NPC. Patients with advanced N2-3 stage may be better candidates for the NFP regimen although this regimen was associated with a high acute toxicity rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Hua Bian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pu-Dong Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Song Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Feng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ye-wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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