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Chapelle C, David G, Caillol S, Negrell C, Desroches Le Foll M. Advances in chitooligosaccharides chemical modifications. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23461. [PMID: 34115397 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) differ from chitosan by their molar mass: those of COS are defined to be lower than 20 kg mol-1 . Their functionalization is widely described in the literature and leads to the introduction of new properties that broaden their application fields. Like chitosan, COS modification sites are mainly primary amine and hydroxyl groups. Among their chemical modification, one can find amidation or esterification, epoxy-amine/hydroxyl coupling, Schiff base formation, and Michael addition. When depolymerized through nitrous deamination, COS bear an aldehyde at the chain end that can open the way to other chemical reactions and lead to the synthesis of new interesting amphiphilic structures. This article details the recent developments in COS functionalization, primarily focusing on amine and hydroxyl groups and aldehyde-chain end reactions, as well as paying considerable attention to other types of modification. We also describe and compare the different functionalization protocols found in the literature while highlighting potential mistakes made in the chemical structures accompanied with suggestions. Such chemical modification can lead to new materials that are generally nontoxic, biobased, biodegradable, and usable in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghislain David
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claire Negrell
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Hanafy NAN, El-Kemary M, Leporatti S. Micelles Structure Development as a Strategy to Improve Smart Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E238. [PMID: 30037052 PMCID: PMC6071246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelles as colloidal suspension have attracted considerable attention due to their potential use for both cancer diagnosis and therapy. These structures have proven their ability to deliver poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs, improve drug stability, and have good penetration and site-specificity, leading to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Micelles are composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components assembled into nanosized spherical, ellipsoid, cylindrical, or unilamellar structures. For their simple formation, they are widely studied, either by using opposite polymers attachment consisting of two or more block copolymers, or by using fatty acid molecules that can modify themselves in a rounded shape. Recently, hybrid and responsive stimuli nanomicelles are formed either by integration with metal nanoparticles such as silver, gold, iron oxide nanoparticles inside micelles or by a combination of lipids and polymers into single composite. Herein, through this special issue, an updated overview of micelles development and their application for cancer therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemany A N Hanafy
- Sohag Cancer Center, Sohag 82511, Egypt.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Tu YL, Wang CC, Chen CY. Preparation of shell crosslinked nanoencapsulate for drug carriers by using poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-poly(L-lysine) grafted copolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Preparation of a novel organo-soluble chitosan grafted polycaprolactone copolymer for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alexander-Bryant AA, Vanden Berg-Foels WS, Wen X. Bioengineering strategies for designing targeted cancer therapies. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:1-59. [PMID: 23768509 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The goals of bioengineering strategies for targeted cancer therapies are (1) to deliver a high dose of an anticancer drug directly to a cancer tumor, (2) to enhance drug uptake by malignant cells, and (3) to minimize drug uptake by nonmalignant cells. Effective cancer-targeting therapies will require both passive- and active-targeting strategies and a thorough understanding of physiologic barriers to targeted drug delivery. Designing a targeted therapy includes the selection and optimization of a nanoparticle delivery vehicle for passive accumulation in tumors, a targeting moiety for active receptor-mediated uptake, and stimuli-responsive polymers for control of drug release. The future direction of cancer targeting is a combinatorial approach, in which targeting therapies are designed to use multiple-targeting strategies. The combinatorial approach will enable combination therapy for delivery of multiple drugs and dual ligand targeting to improve targeting specificity. Targeted cancer treatments in development and the new combinatorial approaches show promise for improving targeted anticancer drug delivery and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Alexander-Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wendy S Vanden Berg-Foels
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Craniofacial Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Chitosan-Grafted Copolymers and Chitosan-Ligand Conjugates as Matrices for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/865704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been given to pulmonary drug delivery by means of nanosized systems to treat both local and systemic diseases. Among the different materials used for the production of nanocarriers, chitosan enjoys high popularity due to its inherent characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesion, among others. Through the modification of chitosan chemical structure, either by the addition of new chemical groups or by the functionalization with ligands, it is possible to obtain derivatives with advantageous and specific characteristics for pulmonary administration. In this paper, we discuss the advantages of using chitosan for nanotechnology-based pulmonary delivery of drugs and summarize the most recent and promising modifications performed to the chitosan molecule in order to improve its characteristics.
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Mourya VK, Inamdar NN, Choudhari YM. Chitooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and applications. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x11070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biocompatibility and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Phosphorylated Chitooligosaccharides on the Osteosarcoma MG63 Cell Line. J Funct Biomater 2010; 1:3-13. [PMID: 24955930 PMCID: PMC4030895 DOI: 10.3390/jfb1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated chitooligosaccharides (P-COS) were prepared using a H3PO4, P2O5, Et3PO4 and hexanol solvent system. The P-COS were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermo gravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), 13C NMR, 31P NMR, X-ray diffraction analysis, solubility studies, biocompatibility and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (ALP). The results reveal that phosphorylation occurred at the C3 and C6 position of OH groups and the C2 position of NH2 group. FT-IR confirmed no decomposition in pyranose ring in P-COS even with heating and treatment in acidic conditions. The amorphous nature of P-COS was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Further, the biocompatibility and alkaline phosphatase activity of P-COS were checked against the osteosarcoma MG63 cell line at different concentrations and no cytotoxicity was observed. After 12 h and 24 h of incubation, the ALP activity of P-COS was higher compared with the control group. These results suggest that P-COS is a biocompatible material and in future P-COS could open up a number of promising pharmaceutical and clinical applications to mankind.
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Pangestuti R, Kim SK. Neuroprotective properties of chitosan and its derivatives. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2117-28. [PMID: 20714426 PMCID: PMC2920545 DOI: 10.3390/md8072117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells are extremely vulnerable and have a limited capacity for self-repair in response to injury. For those reasons, there is obvious interest in limiting neuronal damage. Mechanisms and strategies used in order to protect against neuronal injury, apoptosis, dysfunction, and degeneration in the central nervous system are recognized as neuroprotection. Neuroprotection could be achieved through several classes of natural and synthetic neuroprotective agents. However, considering the side effects of synthetic neuroprotective agents, the search for natural neuroprotective agents has received great attention. Recently, an increasing number of studies have identified neuroprotective properties of chitosan and its derivatives; however, there are some significant challenges that must be overcome for the success of this approach. Hence, the objective of this review is to discuss neuroprotective properties of chitosan and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Pangestuti
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea; E-Mail: (R.P.)
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea; E-Mail: (R.P.)
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea
- *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82 51 629 7094; Fax: +82 51 629 7099
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Chung TW, Tyan YC, Yang JD. PCP copolymers grafted with RGD enhance the rates of RGD-PCP micelles internalized into cells. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:514-20. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.484104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kedar U, Phutane P, Shidhaye S, Kadam V. Advances in polymeric micelles for drug delivery and tumor targeting. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 6:714-29. [PMID: 20542144 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of formulation techniques have been reported in the literature for targeting drugs to specific sites. Polymeric micelles (PMs) can be targeted to tumor sites by passive as well as active mechanisms. Some inherent properties of PMs, including size in the nanorange, stability in plasma, longevity in vivo, and pathological characteristics of tumor allow PMs to be targeted to the tumor site by a passive mechanism called the enhanced permeability and retention effect. PMs formed from an amphiphilic block copolymer are suitable for encapsulation of poorly water-soluble, hydrophobic anticancer drugs. Other characteristics of PMs such as separate functionality at the outer shell are useful for targeting the anticancer drug to tumor by active mechanisms. PMs can be conjugated with many ligands such as antibody fragments, epidermal growth factors, α(2)-glycoprotein, transferrin, and folate to target micelles to cancer cells. Application of heat or ultrasound are the alternative methods to enhance drug accumulation in tumoral cells. Targeting using micelles can also be directed toward tumor angiogenesis, which is a potentially promising target for anticancer drugs. PMs have been used for the delivery of many anticancer agents in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes recently available information regarding targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumor site using PMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kedar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Joralemon MJ, McRae S, Emrick T. PEGylated polymers for medicine: from conjugation to self-assembled systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1377-93. [PMID: 20162127 DOI: 10.1039/b920570p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have transformed society in many areas of science and technology, including recent breakthroughs in medicine. Synthetic polymers now offer unique and versatile platforms for drug delivery, as they can be "bio-tailored" for applications as implants, medical devices, and injectable polymer-drug conjugates. However, while several currently used therapeutic proteins and small molecule drugs have benefited from synthetic polymers, the full potential of polymer-based drug delivery platforms has not yet been realized. This review examines both general advantages and specific cases of synthetic polymers in drug delivery, focusing on PEGylation in the context of polymer architecture, self-assembly, and conjugation techniques that show considerable effectiveness and/or potential in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisie J Joralemon
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Potential of amphiphilically modified low molecular weight chitosan as a novel carrier for hydrophobic anticancer drug: Synthesis, characterization, micellization and cytotoxicity evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Popa-Nita S, Lucas JM, Ladavière C, David L, Domard A. Mechanisms Involved During the Ultrasonically Induced Depolymerization of Chitosan: Characterization and Control. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1203-11. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8014472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simina Popa-Nita
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 IMP, Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, Bât. ISTIL, 15, bd. A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lucas
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 IMP, Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, Bât. ISTIL, 15, bd. A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Ladavière
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 IMP, Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, Bât. ISTIL, 15, bd. A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent David
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 IMP, Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, Bât. ISTIL, 15, bd. A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alain Domard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 IMP, Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, Bât. ISTIL, 15, bd. A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Houga C, Giermanska J, Lecommandoux S, Borsali R, Taton D, Gnanou Y, Le Meins JF. Micelles and polymersomes obtained by self-assembly of dextran and polystyrene based block copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:32-40. [PMID: 19072234 DOI: 10.1021/bm800778n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of dextran-block-polystyrene (dex-b-PS) block copolymers was investigated in solution. The hydrophobic PS weight fraction in these block copolymers ranges from 7 to 92% w/w, whereas the average number molar mass of dextran was kept constant at 6600 gmol(-1). Self-assembly by direct dissolution in water could be performed only for block copolymers with a low hydrophobic content (7% w/w), whereas mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and dimethylsulfoxide were required for higher PS content, before transferring the structures into water. Core-shell micelles, ovoïds, and vesicles could be identified upon characterization by light and neutrons scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Most of the morphologies observed were not expected considering the chemical composition of the block copolymers. Finally, the size and shape of these nanoparticles were fixed upon cross-linking the dextran block through reaction of the hydroxyl groups with divinylsulfone. The role of the dextran conformation on the self-assembly process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Houga
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR5629, ENSCPB-CNRS, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac cedex, France
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Verma H, Kannan T. Novel Telechelic 2-Methyl-2-Bromopropionate Terminated Polyurethane Macroinitiator for the Synthesis of ABA type Tri-block Copolymers through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2007236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pharmaceutical Micelles: Combining Longevity, Stability, and Stimuli Sensitivity. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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