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Karimipour-Fard P, Chio C, Brunone A, Marway H, Thompson M, Abdehagh N, Qin W, Yang TC. Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: Industrial oriented high-solid twin-screw extrusion method to improve biogas production from forestry biomass resources. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130000. [PMID: 37956950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Forestry lignocellulosic waste is an important, largely untapped source of biomass for producing clean energy. In this study, a high-solids twin-screw extrusion approach is developed as a novel pretreatment method to effectively increase the biogas production rate to better fit commercial requirements. Multiple screw designs are progressively introduced with increasingly intensified mechanical shear. The experiments also looked at the impact of feed solids content and several cost-effective processing aids along with these screw designs. Various characterization methods were used to relate the physical state of the biomass based on its specific surface area and volatile fraction, to the rate of biomethane generation possible from a 14- and 31-day biomethane potential test. An increase in biomethane production over this period by up to 190% was possible with the optimal screw design compared to a benchmark sample. This is a promising finding for the industrialization of biomethane production from forestry lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Karimipour-Fard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chonlong Chio
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyssa Brunone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heera Marway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Niloofar Abdehagh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trent Chunzhong Yang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sejati PS, Obounou Akong F, Fradet F, Gérardin P. Wood Esterification by Fatty Acids Using Trifluoroacetic Anhydride as an Impelling Agent and Its Application for the Synthesis of a New Bioplastic. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6830. [PMID: 37959427 PMCID: PMC10648580 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) and their derivatives with long alkyl chain structures are good candidates for wood esterification to confer thermoplastic properties to wood. Nevertheless, they do not react easily with hydroxyl groups of wood. In this study, we investigated the reactivity of wood with various fatty acids of different chain lengths using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as the impelling agent in various reaction conditions. Generally, the esterification of fatty acids without solvents resulted in higher Weight Percentage Gain (WPG) and ester content than the reaction in the presence of CH2Cl2. The esterification reaction could be performed effectively at room temperature, though an increased reaction temperature provoked degradation of the esterified wood. WPG of 67% was obtained for the C3 and 253% for the C16 alkyl chain analogs, respectively. Nevertheless, the ester content was fairly uniform, with values between 10.60 and 11.81 mmol ester/gram of wood for all chain lengths. A higher quantity of reagent led to higher ester content, which tended to stabilize after a ratio of 1:4 wood and TFAA/FA. The esterification reaction was performed rapidly, with an ester content between 7.65 and 9.94 mmol ester/gram of wood being achieved only after 15 min of reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed to confirm the drastic chemical changes of wood before and after esterification. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM), softening measurement by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and contact angle measurements demonstrated the possibility of esterified spruce wood being applied as a new bioplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Satria Sejati
- LERMAB, Inrae, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.S.S.); (F.O.A.)
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | | | - Frédéric Fradet
- PLASTINNOV, IUT de Moselle-Est, Université de Lorraine, 57500 Saint-Avold, France;
| | - Philippe Gérardin
- LERMAB, Inrae, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.S.S.); (F.O.A.)
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Tarasova E, Savale N, Krasnou I, Kudrjašova M, Rjabovs V, Reile I, Vares L, Kallakas H, Kers J, Krumme A. Preparation of Thermoplastic Cellulose Esters in [mTBNH][OAC] Ionic Liquid by Transesterification Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3979. [PMID: 37836028 PMCID: PMC10575218 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transesterification of cellulose with vinyl esters in ionic liquid media is suggested as a prospective environmentally friendly alternative to conventional esterification. In this study, various long-chain cellulose esters (laurate, myristate, palmitate, and stearate) with a degree of substitution (DS) up to 1.8 have been synthesized in novel distillable ionic liquid, [mTBNH][OAC]. This IL has high dissolving power towards cellulose, which can improve homogeneous transesterification. Additionally, [mTBNH][OAC] has durability towards recycling and can be regenerated and re-used again for the next cycles of esterification. DMSO is used as a co-solvent because of its ability to speed up mass transport due to lower solvent viscosity. The optimization of the reaction parameters, such as co-solvent content, temperature (20-80 °C), reaction time (1-5 h), and a molar ratio of reactants (1-5 eq. AGU) is reported. It was found that within studied reaction conditions, DS increases with increasing reaction time, temperature, and added vinyl esters. Structure analysis using FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR after acylation revealed the introduction of the alkyl chains into cellulose for all studied samples. The results also suggested that the substitution order of the OH group is C7-O6 > C7-O2 > C7-O3. Unique, complex thermal and rheological investigation of the cellulose esters shows the growth of an amorphous phase upon the degree of substitution. At the same time, the homogeneous substitution of cellulose with acyl chains increases the melt viscosity of a material. Internal plasticization in cellulose esters was found to be the mechanism for the melt processing of the material. Long-chain cellulose esters show the potential to replace commonly used externally plasticized cellulose derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Tarasova
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (E.T.); (N.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Nutan Savale
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (E.T.); (N.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Illia Krasnou
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (E.T.); (N.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Marina Kudrjašova
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vitalijs Rjabovs
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Indrek Reile
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lauri Vares
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Tartu University, Nooruse 1, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heikko Kallakas
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (E.T.); (N.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jaan Kers
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (E.T.); (N.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Andres Krumme
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (E.T.); (N.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
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Grabias-Blicharz E, Franus W. A critical review on mechanochemical processing of fly ash and fly ash-derived materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160529. [PMID: 36574561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) is a solid, fine powder that constitutes a by-product obtained when coal, biomass, municipal solid waste or a mixture of these are combusted. This review article focuses on the mechanochemistry of coal fly ash (CFA), as well as highlights the issue of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW). In general, FA is regarded as a waste of public concern (since it contains hazardous components), which is primarily consumed in the construction industry, as well as in chemical synthesis and environmental engineering. However, the actual amount of FA recycled is still less than the amount produced, with the reuse rate of only up to 30 %. Due to its relatively low reactivity and heterogeneity, FA is commonly landfilled in huge quantities. Nevertheless, the physical and chemical properties of FA can be tailored, for example, by mechanical forces, ultimately leading to a higher value-added product. Currently, mechanochemistry (MC) is drawing attention in chemical synthesis, pollution remediation and waste management, especially as a possible solution for various drawbacks of conventional syntheses and processes. Mechanochemical processing of FA can be considered eco-friendly, inexpensive and efficient, in particular for processing tons of readily available fly ash already stored in ponds or landfills. With the aim of highlighting the hidden potential and facilitating the favorable use of FA, this article deals with FA as an environmentally challenging material, FA reactivity and recycling through mechanochemical processing, mechanochemical stabilization of heavy metals in FA, as well as up-to-date challenges for life cycle assessment (LCA) in evaluating FA-derived materials. Furthermore, all these full-potential aspects of FA mechanochemistry have not been addressed before, which is a valuable contribution to the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Grabias-Blicharz
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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Ding Z, Kumar V, Sar T, Harirchi S, Dregulo AM, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Binod P, Liu X, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Agro waste as a potential carbon feedstock for poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates production: Commercialization potential and technical hurdles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128058. [PMID: 36191751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enormous production and widespread applications of non -biodegradable plastics lead to their accumulation and toxicity to animals and humans. The issue can be addressed by the development of eco-friendly strategies for the production of biopolymers by utilization of waste residues like agro residues. This will address two societal issues - waste management and the development of an eco-friendly biopolymer, poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates (PHAs). Strategies adopted for utilization of agro-residues, challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail in this comprehensive review. The possibility of PHA properties improvements can be increased by preparation of blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Ding
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
- Institute for Regional Economy Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IRES RAS), 38 Serpukhovskaya str, 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Galamba J, Alves VD, Jordão N, Neves LA. Development of cellulose-based polymeric structures using dual functional ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39278-39286. [PMID: 35492502 PMCID: PMC9044494 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) combining benzethonium (BE) and didecyldimethylammonium (DDA) as cations have been explored to be used for the first time as dual functional solvents for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) dissolution and, subsequently development of polymeric structures. Considering that some ILs can remain in the polymeric structures after phase inversion, these ILs can offer advantages such as antibacterial/antimicrobial response and ability to disrupt H-bonds. In this context, all tested ILs have been able to dissolve MCC up to a concentration of 4% (w/w), resulting in different polymeric structures, such as gel-like or films, depending on the type of IL and the ratio between MCC and IL. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy showed that some IL remains in the polymeric structures, which can enhance their application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Galamba
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Vítor D Alves
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Noémi Jordão
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Luísa A Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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Li J, Lawton DJW, Sacripante GG, Thompson MR, Marway HS. Process Intensification of Thermoplastic Lignocellulose Production through High-Solids Reactive Extrusion Enabled by a Novel Recycle Loop. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | - Guerino G. Sacripante
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael R. Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Heera S. Marway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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