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Zelepuga EA, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of Holothuroid's Triterpene Glycosides and Some In Silico Insights Obtained by Molecular Dynamics Study on the Mechanisms of Their Membranolytic Action. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110604. [PMID: 34822475 PMCID: PMC8625879 DOI: 10.3390/md19110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The article describes the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for a broad series of sea cucumber glycosides on different tumor cell lines and erythrocytes, and an in silico modulation of the interaction of selected glycosides from the sea cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix with model erythrocyte membranes using full-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The in silico approach revealed that the glycosides bound to the membrane surface mainly through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The mode of such interactions depends on the aglycone structure, including the side chain structural peculiarities, and varies to a great extent. Two different mechanisms of glycoside/membrane interactions were discovered. The first one was realized through the pore formation (by cucumariosides A1 (40) and A8 (44)), preceded by bonding of the glycosides with membrane sphingomyelin, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Noncovalent intermolecular interactions inside multimolecular membrane complexes and their stoichiometry differed for 40 and 44. The second mechanism was realized by cucumarioside A2 (59) through the formation of phospholipid and cholesterol clusters in the outer and inner membrane leaflets, correspondingly. Noticeably, the glycoside/phospholipid interactions were more favorable compared to the glycoside/cholesterol interactions, but the glycoside possessed an agglomerating action towards the cholesterol molecules from the inner membrane leaflet. In silicosimulations of the interactions of cucumarioside A7 (45) with model membrane demonstrated only slight interactions with phospholipid polar heads and the absence of glycoside/cholesterol interactions. This fact correlated well with very low experimental hemolytic activity of this substance. The observed peculiarities of membranotropic action are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data on hemolytic activity of the investigated compounds in vitro.
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Mert-Ozupek N, Basbinar Y, Uysal-Kilic T, Koz O, Ellidokuz H, Cavas L. Semi-Purified Saponins of Holothuria poli Associated Antiproliferation in Tumor Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1511-1518. [PMID: 34459328 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer has exhibited an increasing trend in recent years because of many reasons such as environmental and nutritional factors. There is a great need for the development of new and natural molecules with lower side effects in the therapy of cancer. It was aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of semi-purified triterpene glycosides of Holothuria poli on different human cancer cell lines. The body walls of H. poli as the main sources of saponins were used and the saponin content of the extract was characterized by MALDI-TOF/MS. The antiproliferation activity of the characterized extract was tested on cancer cell lines. The extract showed antiproliferative effect on the studied cancer cell lines. The mass analysis results reveal that Holothurin A is one of the saponins within the extract. The measured IC50 values were found as 31.41 ± 2.20, 77.45 ± 0.23, and 34.79 ± 0.90 µg mL-1 for HT-29, UPCI-SCC-131, and T84 cell lines, respectively. H. poli secretes not only specific saponins but also a cocktail of them. Specific versus. cocktails of the saponins and by also applying organic modification must be studied in further research to understand their mechanisms in the antiproliferation studies since this paper reveals promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Mert-Ozupek
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Translational Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tugba Uysal-Kilic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Omer Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Institute of Oncology, Department of Preventive Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Cavas
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Abstract
This review covers newly isolated triterpenoids that have been reported during 2015.
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Cladolosides C4, D1, D2, M, M1, M2, N and Q, new triterpene glycosides with diverse carbohydrate chains from sea cucumber Cladolabes schmeltzii. An uncommon 20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27-okta-nor-lanostane aglycone. The synergism of inhibitory action of non-toxic dose of the glycosides and radioactive irradiation on colony formation of HT-29 cancer cells. Carbohydr Res 2018; 468:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andryjaschenko PV, Dmitrenok PS, Yurchenko EA, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko OS, Dolmatov IY, Kalinin VI. Cladolosides O, P, P1-P3 and R, triterpene glycosides with two novel types of carbohydrate chains from the sea cucumberCladolabes schmeltzii. Inhibition of cancer cells colony formation and its synergy with radioactive irradiation. Carbohydr Res 2018; 468:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dong Q, Yuan Y, Zhou Y, Zhang YX, Zhang JP, Yu HB, Jiao BH, Liu XY, Lu XL. Biotransformation of total coumarins of Radix Glehniae by Lecanicillium attenuatum W-1-9. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:675-685. [PMID: 28508666 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1327948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation of total coumarins of Radix Glehniae by Lecanicillium attenuatum W-1-9 yielded three new products, lecaniside A (1), lecaniside B (2), and lecaniside C (3). The chemical structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on extensive spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRMS. The hydrogenation, dealkylation, glycosylation, and O-methylation reactions of these metabolites were observed in the present study. In the in vitro assays, compound 1 displayed a little PTP1B inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Ye Yuan
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yue Zhou
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Jian-Peng Zhang
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hao-Bing Yu
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiao
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lu
- a Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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Mondol MAM, Shin HJ, Rahman MA, Islam MT. Sea Cucumber Glycosides: Chemical Structures, Producing Species and Important Biological Properties. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100317. [PMID: 29039760 PMCID: PMC5666425 DOI: 10.3390/md15100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers belonging to echinoderm are traditionally used as tonic food in China and other Asian countries. They produce abundant biologically active triterpene glycosides. More than 300 triterpene glycosides have been isolated and characterized from various species of sea cucumbers, which are classified as holostane and nonholostane depending on the presence or absence of a specific structural unit γ(18,20)-lactone in the aglycone. Triterpene glycosides contain a carbohydrate chain up to six monosaccharide units mainly consisting of d-xylose, 3-O-methy-d-xylose, d-glucose, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose, and d-quinovose. Cytotoxicity is the common biological property of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. Besides cytotoxicity, triterpene glycosides also exhibit antifungal, antiviral and hemolytic activities. This review updates and summarizes our understanding on diverse chemical structures of triterpene glycosides from various species of sea cucumbers and their important biological activities. Mechanisms of action and structural-activity relationships (SARs) of sea cucumber glycosides are also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hee Jae Shin
- Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haeanro, Ansan 427-744, Korea.
| | - M Aminur Rahman
- World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University (PKNU), 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Mohamad Tofazzal Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
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Song S, Zhang L, Cao J, Xiang G, Cong P, Dong P, Li Z, Xue C, Xue Y, Wang Y. Characterization of Metabolic Pathways and Absorption of Sea Cucumber Saponins, Holothurin A and Echinoside A,in Vitroandin Vivo. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1961-1967. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Gao Xiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean Univ. of China; Qingdao 266003 PR China
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andryjaschenko PV, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Dolmatov IY, Kalinin VI. Cladolosides I 1 , I 2 , J 1 , K 1 , K 2 and L 1, monosulfated triterpene glycosides with new carbohydrate chains from the sea cucumber Cladolabes schmeltzii. Carbohydr Res 2017; 445:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Covering: 2015. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2016, 33, 382-431This review covers the literature published in 2015 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1220 citations (792 for the period January to December 2015) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1340 in 429 papers for 2015), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Murray H G Munro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Bahrami Y, Franco CMM. Acetylated Triterpene Glycosides and Their Biological Activity from Holothuroidea Reported in the Past Six Decades. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E147. [PMID: 27527190 PMCID: PMC4999908 DOI: 10.3390/md14080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have been valued for many centuries as a tonic and functional food, dietary delicacies and important ingredients of traditional medicine in many Asian countries. An assortment of bioactive compounds has been described in sea cucumbers. The most important and abundant secondary metabolites from sea cucumbers are triterpene glycosides (saponins). Due to the wide range of their potential biological activities, these natural compounds have gained attention and this has led to their emergence as high value compounds with extended application in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, medicinal and pharmaceutical products. They are characterized by bearing a wide spectrum of structures, such as sulfated, non-sulfated and acetylated glycosides. Over 700 triterpene glycosides have been reported from the Holothuroidea in which more than 145 are decorated with an acetoxy group having 38 different aglycones. The majority of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides are of the holostane type containing a C18 (20) lactone group and either Δ(7(8)) or Δ(9(11)) double bond in their genins. The acetoxy group is mainly connected to the C-16, C-22, C-23 and/or C-25 of their aglycone. Apparently, the presence of an acetoxy group, particularly at C-16 of the aglycone, plays a significant role in the bioactivity; including induction of caspase, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial activities of these compounds. This manuscript highlights the structure of acetylated saponins, their biological activity, and their structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Bahrami
- Medical Biotechnology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
| | - Christopher M M Franco
- Medical Biotechnology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.
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