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Milanesi F, Roelens S, Francesconi O. Towards Biomimetic Recognition of Glycans by Synthetic Receptors. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300598. [PMID: 37942862 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundant in Nature, where they are mostly assembled within glycans as free polysaccharides or conjugated to a variety of biological molecules such as proteins and lipids. Glycans exert several functions, including protein folding, stability, solubility, resistance to proteolysis, intracellular traffic, antigenicity, and recognition by carbohydrate-binding proteins. Interestingly, misregulation of their biosynthesis that leads to changes in glycan structures is frequently recognized as a mark of a disease state. Because of glycan ubiquity, carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) targeting glycans can lead to a deeper understanding of their function and to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic strategies. Synthetic receptors selectively recognizing specific carbohydrates of biological interest have been developed over the past three decades. In addition to the success obtained in the effective recognition of monosaccharides, synthetic receptors recognizing more complex guests have also been developed, including di- and oligosaccharide fragments of glycans, shedding light on the structural and functional requirements necessary for an effective receptor. In this review, the most relevant achievements in molecular recognition of glycans and their fragments will be summarized, highlighting potentials and future perspectives of glycan-targeting synthetic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Roelens
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", DICUS and INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Campus Sesto, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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2
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Vázquez‐Arias A, Vázquez‐Iglesias L, Pérez‐Juste I, Pérez‐Juste J, Pastoriza‐Santos I, Bodelon G. Bacterial surface display of human lectins in Escherichia coli. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14409. [PMID: 38380565 PMCID: PMC10884992 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions sustain fundamental biological processes involved in development and disease. Owing to their unique sugar-binding properties, lectins have great potential in glycobiology and biomedicine. However, their relatively low affinities and broad specificities pose a significant challenge when used as analytical reagents. New approaches for expression and engineering of lectins are in demand to overcome current limitations. Herein, we report the application of bacterial display for the expression of human galectin-3 and mannose-binding lectin in Escherichia coli. The analysis of the cell surface expression and binding activity of the surface-displayed lectins, including point and deletion mutants, in combination with molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrate the robustness and suitability of this approach. Furthermore, the display of functional mannose-binding lectin in the bacterial surface proved the feasibility of this method for disulfide bond-containing lectins. This work establishes for the first time bacterial display as an efficient means for the expression and engineering of human lectins, thereby increasing the available toolbox for glycobiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Vázquez‐Arias
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | - Lorena Vázquez‐Iglesias
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | | | - Jorge Pérez‐Juste
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza‐Santos
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Gustavo Bodelon
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
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Islam MK, Khan M, Gidwani K, Witwer KW, Lamminmäki U, Leivo J. Lectins as potential tools for cancer biomarker discovery from extracellular vesicles. Biomark Res 2023; 11:85. [PMID: 37773167 PMCID: PMC10540341 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have considerable potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agents, in large part because molecular patterns on the EV surface betray the cell of origin and may also be used to "target" EVs to specific cells. Cancer is associated with alterations to cellular and EV glycosylation patterns, and the surface of EVs is enriched with glycan moieties. Glycoconjugates of EVs play versatile roles in cancer including modulating immune response, affecting tumor cell behavior and site of metastasis and as such, paving the way for the development of innovative diagnostic tools and novel therapies. Entities that recognize specific glycans, such as lectins, may thus be powerful tools to discover and detect novel cancer biomarkers. Indeed, the past decade has seen a constant increase in the number of published articles on lectin-based strategies for the detection of EV glycans. This review explores the roles of EV glycosylation in cancer and cancer-related applications. Furthermore, this review summarizes the potential of lectins and lectin-based methods for screening, targeting, separation, and possible identification of improved biomarkers from the surface of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khirul Islam
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Misba Khan
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bi J, Wang Y, Gao R, Liu P, Jiang Y, Gao L, Li B, Song Q, Ning M. Functional Analysis of a CTL-X-Type Lectin CTL16 in Development and Innate Immunity of Tribolium castaneum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10700. [PMID: 37445878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) are a class of proteins containing carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), which are characteristic modules that recognize various glycoconjugates and function primarily in immunity. CTLs have been reported to affect growth and development and positively regulate innate immunity in Tribolium castaneum. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TcCTL16 proteins are still unclear. Here, spatiotemporal analyses displayed that TcCTL16 was highly expressed in late pupae and early adults. TcCTL16 RNA interference in early larvae shortened their body length and narrowed their body width, leading to the death of 98% of the larvae in the pupal stage. Further analysis found that the expression level of muscle-regulation-related genes, including cut, vestigial, erect wing, apterous, and spalt major, and muscle-composition-related genes, including Myosin heavy chain and Myosin light chain, were obviously down-regulated after TcCTL16 silencing in T. castaneum. In addition, the transcription of TcCTL16 was mainly distributed in the hemolymph. TcCTL16 was significantly upregulated after challenges with lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Recombinant CRDs of TcCTL16 bind directly to the tested bacteria (except Bacillus subtilis); they also induce extensive bacterial agglutination in the presence of Ca2+. On the contrary, after TcCTL16 silencing in the late larval stage, T. castaneum were able to develop normally. Moreover, the transcript levels of seven antimicrobial peptide genes (attacin2, defensins1, defensins2, coleoptericin1, coleoptericin2, cecropins2, and cecropins3) and one transcription factor gene (relish) were significantly increased under E. coli challenge and led to an increased survival rate of T. castaneum when infected with S. aureus or E. coli, suggesting that TcCTL16 deficiency could be compensated for by increasing AMP expression via the IMD pathways in T. castaneum. In conclusion, this study found that TcCTL16 could be involved in developmental regulation in early larvae and compensate for the loss of CTL function by regulating the expression of AMPs in late larvae, thus laying a solid foundation for further studies on T. castaneum CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Bi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pingxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mingxiao Ning
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Jinan), Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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de Oliveira BF, de Araújo HDA, Neves EF, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, de Freitas KCS, de Souza SR, Coelho LCBB. Electrochemical Characterization Using Biosensors with the Coagulant Moringa oleifera Seed Lectin (cMoL). BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 37367020 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Triturated Moringa oleifera seeds have components that adsorb recalcitrant indigo carmine dye. Coagulating proteins known as lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) have already been purified from the powder of these seeds, in milligram amounts. The coagulant lectin from M. oleifera seeds (cMoL) was characterized by potentiometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using MOFs, or metal-organic frameworks, of [Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)3]n to immobilize cMoL and construct biosensors. The potentiometric biosensor revealed an increase in the electrochemical potential resulting from the Pt/MOF/cMoL interaction with different concentrations of galactose in the electrolytic medium. The developed aluminum batteries constructed with recycled cans degraded an indigo carmine dye solution; the oxide reduction reactions of the batteries generated Al(OH)3, promoting dye electrocoagulation. Biosensors were used to investigate cMoL interactions with a specific galactose concentration and monitored residual dye. SEM revealed the components of the electrode assembly steps. Cyclic voltammetry showed differentiated redox peaks related to dye residue quantification by cMoL. Electrochemical systems were used to evaluate cMoL interactions with galactose ligands and efficiently degraded dye. Biosensors could be used for lectin characterization and monitoring dye residues in environmental effluents of the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Ferreira de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Ferreira Neves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - Katia Cristina Silva de Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
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Dixit R, Khambhati K, Supraja KV, Singh V, Lederer F, Show PL, Awasthi MK, Sharma A, Jain R. Application of machine learning on understanding biomolecule interactions in cellular machinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128522. [PMID: 36565819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) applications have become ubiquitous in all fields of research including protein science and engineering. Apart from protein structure and mutation prediction, scientists are focusing on knowledge gaps with respect to the molecular mechanisms involved in protein binding and interactions with other components in the experimental setups or the human body. Researchers are working on several wet-lab techniques and generating data for a better understanding of concepts and mechanics involved. The information like biomolecular structure, binding affinities, structure fluctuations and movements are enormous which can be handled and analyzed by ML. Therefore, this review highlights the significance of ML in understanding the biomolecular interactions while assisting in various fields of research such as drug discovery, nanomedicine, nanotoxicity and material science. Hence, the way ahead would be to force hand-in hand of laboratory work and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewati Dixit
- Waste Treatment Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Haus-khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Khushal Khambhati
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Kolli Venkata Supraja
- Waste Treatment Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Haus-khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Franziska Lederer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohan Jain
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Filshtein AP, Chikalovets IV, Mizgina TO, Lukyanov PA, Hua KF, Chernikov OV. Spatial Structure of Lectin from the Mussel Mytilus trossulus: In-Sights from Molecular Modelling and Practical Proof. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010010. [PMID: 36662183 PMCID: PMC9866010 DOI: 10.3390/md21010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proteins have the ability to self-associate into homooligomeric protein complexes, which consist of two or more identical subunits. Today, modern methods of molecular modeling are an integral part of the study of many biologically active molecules. In silico methods are widely used in structure establishing and function and activity prediction of lectins - carbohydrate-binding proteins. Here, we described by computer simulation the spatial organization of lectin isolated from the mantle of the mussel Mytilus trossulus (MTL). It was shown that the dimerization of MTL gives a total of six ligand binding sites that may be important for the manifestation its biological properties. The ability of MTL to form a dimeric and oligomeric structure was confirmed by dynamic light scattering and SDS-PAGE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina P. Filshtein
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Irina V. Chikalovets
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Tatyana O. Mizgina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Lukyanov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 260007, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Oleg V. Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Giant Viruses as a Source of Novel Enzymes for Biotechnological Application. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121453. [PMID: 36558786 PMCID: PMC9787589 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The global demand for industrial enzymes has been increasing in recent years, and the search for new sources of these biological products is intense, especially in microorganisms. Most known viruses have limited genetic machinery and, thus, have been overlooked by the enzyme industry for years. However, a peculiar group of viruses breaks this paradigm. Giant viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota infect protists (i.e., algae and amoebae) and have complex genomes, reaching up to 2.7 Mb in length and encoding hundreds of genes. Different giant viruses have robust metabolic machinery, especially those in the Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae families. In this review, we present some peculiarities of giant viruses that infect protists and discuss why they should be seen as an outstanding source of new enzymes. We revisited the genomes of representatives of different groups of giant viruses and put together information about their enzymatic machinery, highlighting several genes to be explored in biotechnology involved in carbohydrate metabolism, DNA replication, and RNA processing, among others. Finally, we present additional evidence based on structural biology using chitinase as a model to reinforce the role of giant viruses as a source of novel enzymes for biotechnological application.
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Osman MEFM, Dirar AI, Konozy EHE. Genome-wide screening of lectin putative genes from Sorghum bicolor L., distribution in QTLs and a probable implications of lectins in abiotic stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:397. [PMID: 35963996 PMCID: PMC9375933 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum bicolor is one of the most important crops worldwide with the potential to provide resilience when other economic staples might fail against the continuous environmental changes. Many physiological, developmental and tolerance traits in plants are either controlled or influenced by lectins; carbohydrate binding proteins. Hence, we aimed at providing a comprehensive in silico account on sorghum's lectins and study their possible implication on various desired agronomical traits. RESULTS We have searched sorghum's genome from grain and sweet types for lectins putative genes that encode proteins with domains capable of differentially binding carbohydrate moieties and trigger various physiological responses. Of the 12 known plant lectin families, 8 were identified regarding their domain architectures, evolutionary relationships, physiochemical characteristics, and gene expansion mechanisms, and they were thoroughly addressed. Variations between grain and sweet sorghum lectin homologs in term of the presence/absence of certain other joint domains like dirigent and nucleotide-binding adaptor shared by APAF-1, R-proteins, and CED-4 (NB-ARC) indicate a possible neofunctionalization. Lectin sequences were found to be preferentially overrepresented in certain quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to various traits under several subcategories such as cold, drought, salinity, panicle/grain composition, and leaf morphology. The co-localization and distribution of lectins among multiple QTLs provide insights into the pleiotropic effects that could be played by one lectin gene in numerous traits. CONCLUSION Our study offers a first-time inclusive details on sorghum lectins and their possible role in conferring tolerance against abiotic stresses and other economically important traits that can be informative for future functional analysis and breeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, Mek Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan
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Improving the Annotation of the Venom Gland Transcriptome of Pamphobeteus verdolaga, Prospecting Novel Bioactive Peptides. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060408. [PMID: 35737069 PMCID: PMC9228390 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms constitute a trove of novel peptides with biotechnological interest. Paucity of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) data generation has led to a description of less than 1% of these peptides. Increasing evidence supports the underestimation of the assembled genes a single transcriptome assembler can predict. Here, the transcriptome of the venom gland of the spider Pamphobeteus verdolaga was re-assembled, using three free access algorithms, Trinity, SOAPdenovo-Trans, and SPAdes, to obtain a more complete annotation. Assembler’s performance was evaluated by contig number, N50, read representation on the assembly, and BUSCO’s terms retrieval against the arthropod dataset. Out of all the assembled sequences with all software, 39.26% were common between the three assemblers, and 27.88% were uniquely assembled by Trinity, while 27.65% were uniquely assembled by SPAdes. The non-redundant merging of all three assemblies’ output permitted the annotation of 9232 sequences, which was 23% more when compared to each software and 28% more when compared to the previous P. verdolaga annotation; moreover, the description of 65 novel theraphotoxins was possible. In the generation of data for non-model organisms, as well as in the search for novel peptides with biotechnological interest, it is highly recommended to employ at least two different transcriptome assemblers.
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de Siqueira Patriota LL, de Brito Marques Ramos D, e Silva MG, dos Santos ACLA, Silva YA, Paiva PMG, Pontual EV, de Albuquerque LP, Mendes RL, Napoleão TH. Inhibition of Carrageenan-Induced Acute Inflammation in Mice by the Microgramma vacciniifolia Frond Lectin (MvFL). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081609. [PMID: 35458359 PMCID: PMC9028213 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most anti-inflammatory drugs used nowadays have an excessive cost and their prolonged use has been connected with several injurious effects. Thus, the search for new anti-inflammatory agents is increasing. Lectins are carbohydrate-interacting proteins that can modulate immune response and the release of inflammation mediators. The Microgramma vacciniifolia frond lectin (MvFL) was previously reported to be an immunomodulatory agent in vitro. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of MvFL on the in vivo inflammatory status in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis and paw edema, using female Swiss mice. The animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with MvFL (5 and 10 mg/kg). In the peritonitis assay, the total and differential migration of white blood cells was evaluated, as well as the levels of cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and total proteins in the peritoneal fluid. In the paw edema evaluation, the paw volume was measured in the early (from 30 min–2 h) and late (3–4 h) phases of edema formation. MvFL (5 and 10 mg/kg) was efficient in reducing neutrophil infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α), NO, and protein content in the peritoneal fluid. It also repressed the edema formation in the late phase of the assay. In conclusion, MvFL showed inhibitory effects in in vivo acute inflammation, which encouraged future studies exploiting its immunomodulatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (L.L.d.S.P.); (P.M.G.P.)
| | | | - Mariana Gama e Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56306-385, Pernambuco, Brazil; (M.G.e.S.); (A.C.L.A.d.S.); (Y.A.S.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Angela Caroline Lima Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56306-385, Pernambuco, Brazil; (M.G.e.S.); (A.C.L.A.d.S.); (Y.A.S.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Yasmym Araújo Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56306-385, Pernambuco, Brazil; (M.G.e.S.); (A.C.L.A.d.S.); (Y.A.S.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (L.L.d.S.P.); (P.M.G.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Viana Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | | | - Rosemairy Luciane Mendes
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56306-385, Pernambuco, Brazil; (M.G.e.S.); (A.C.L.A.d.S.); (Y.A.S.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (L.L.d.S.P.); (P.M.G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Ahmed MN, Jahan R, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, Rahmatullah M. Plant lectins as prospective antiviral biomolecules in the search for COVID-19 eradication strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112507. [PMID: 34891122 PMCID: PMC8648558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins or clusters of carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin are distributed chiefly in the Plantae. Lectins have potent anti-infectivity properties for several RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2. The primary purpose of this review is to review the ability of lectins mediated potential biotherapeutic and bioprophylactic strategy against coronavirus causing COVID-19. Lectins have binding affinity to the glycans of SARS-COV-2 Spike glycoprotein that has N-glycosylation sites. Apart from this, the complement lectin pathway is a "first line host defense" against the viral infection that is activated by mannose-binding lectins. Mannose-binding lectins deficiency in serum influences innate immunity of the host and facilitates infectious diseases including COVID-19. Our accumulated evidence obtained from scientific databases particularly PubMed and Google Scholar databases indicate that mannose-specific/mannose-binding lectins (MBL) have potent efficacies like anti-infectivity, complement cascade induction, immunoadjuvants, DC-SIGN antagonists, or glycomimetic approach, which can prove useful in the strategy of COVID-19 combat along with the glycobiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infections and antiviral immunity. For example, plant-derived mannose-specific lectins BanLac, FRIL, Lentil, and GRFT from red algae can inhibit and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, as confirmed with in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico assessments. Furthermore, Bangladesh has a noteworthy resource of antiviral medicinal plants as well as plant lectins. Intensifying research on the antiviral plant lectins, adopting a glyco-biotechnological approach, and with deeper insights into the "glycovirological" aspects may result in the designing of alternative and potent blueprints against the 21st century's biological pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasir Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Biotechnology & Natural Medicine Division, TechB Nutrigenomics, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Alginate Modification and Lectin-Conjugation Approach to Synthesize the Mucoadhesive Matrix. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alginates are natural anionic polyelectrolytes investigated in various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and 3D bioprinting. Functionalization of alginates is one possible way to provide a broad range of requirements for those applications. A range of techniques, including esterification, amidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, graft copolymerization, and oxidation and reduction, have been implemented for this purpose. The rationale behind these investigations is often the combination of such modified alginates with different molecules. Particularly promising are lectin conjugate macromolecules for lectin-mediated drug delivery, which enhance the bioavailability of active ingredients on a specific site. Most interesting for such application are alginate derivatives, because these macromolecules are more resistant to acidic and enzymatic degradation. This review will report recent progress in alginate modification and conjugation, focusing on alginate-lectin conjugation, which is proposed as a matrix for mucoadhesive drug delivery and provides a new perspective for future studies with these conjugation methods.
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