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Zhao X, Zhao S, Xu Y, Xu H, Zhang Z, Tian H, He Q, Ma S, Gao B, Ma C. Preparation of tobacco pyrolysis liquids in subcritical/supercritical ethanol and their application in the aroma enhancement of heated cigarettes. Front Chem 2024; 11:1347215. [PMID: 38274898 PMCID: PMC10808149 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1347215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
For the aroma enhancement research of heated cigarettes, it is worth exploring whether tobacco can be pyrolyzed into pyrolysis liquids containing a large number of volatile aroma components. In this study, tobacco pyrolysis liquids were prepared in subcritical/supercritical ethanol, and their applications in the aroma enhancement of heated cigarettes were investigated. The optimal conditions of supercritical liquefaction reactions were determined by optimizing the reaction time, liquid/solid mass ratio and temperature conditions. Moreover, the effect of supercritical liquefaction conditions on volatile aroma components in tobacco pyrolysis liquids was investigated by GC-MS. The results indicated that the reaction temperature had the most significant impact on the tobacco pyrolysis reaction, and higher reaction temperature promoted the pyrolysis conversion of tobacco, resulting in enhanced tobacco conversion and a high content of volatile components in the tobacco pyrolysis liquid. The optimal reaction conditions for the preparation of tobacco pyrolysis liquid were found to be a temperature of 220°C, a liquid/solid mass ratio = 15, and a 2-h reaction time. Meanwhile, the content of ester compounds and nicotine in the tobacco pyrolysis liquid increased significantly with the increase of reaction temperature. Sub/supercritical ethanol treatment significantly destroyed the surface structure of tobacco, and the degree of tobacco depolymerization increased when temperature rised. The analysis of aroma compounds in the smoke of heated cigarettes indicated that the tobacco pyrolysis liquid could significantly increase the release of aromatic substances and has a significant aroma-enhancing effect. This article proposed and prepared tobacco pyrolysis liquid in subcritical/supercritical ethanol and explored its potential application in the aroma enhancement of heated cigarettes, offering a new route for flavor enhancement technology for this type of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengchen Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Ma
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu S, Jiang H, Lu J. Adsorptive performance and mechanism exploration of l-lysine functionalized celluloses for enhanced removal of Pb(II) from aqueous medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124997. [PMID: 37244335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two novel biosorbents of l-lysine grafted cellulose (L-PCM, L-TCF) were prepared for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Various adsorption parameters were surveyed, such as adsorbent dosages, initial concentration of Pb(II), temperature and pH, using adsorption techniques. At normal temperature, less adsorbent can achieve better adsorption capacity (89.71 ± 0.27 mg g-1 with 0.5 g L-1 of L-PCM, 16.84 ± 0.02 mg g-1 with 3.0 g L-1 of L-TCF). The pH range of application for L-PCM was 4-12 and that of L-TCF was 4-13. The adsorption of Pb(II) by biosorbents went through the boundary layer diffusion stage and void diffusion stage. The adsorption mechanism was chemisorption based on multilayer heterogeneous adsorption. The pseudo-second-order model fitted the adsorption kinetics perfectly. The Freundlich isotherm model adequately described Multimolecular equilibrium relationship between Pb(II) and biosorbents; the predicted maximum adsorption capacities of the two adsorbents were 904.12 and 46.74 mg g-1, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption mechanism was the electrostatic attraction between Pb(II) and -COOH and the complexation between Pb(II) and -NH2. This work demonstrated that l-lysine modified cellulose-based biosorbents have great potential in the field of Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Haoyuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jilai Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Tian D, Huang L, Zhang Z, Tian Z, Ge S, Wang C, Hu Y, Wang Y, Yang J. A novel approach for quantitative determination of cellulose content in tobacco via 2D HSQC NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2023; 526:108790. [PMID: 36933368 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is an important component of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cell walls, which can be precursors for many harmful compounds in smoke. Traditional cellulose content analysis methods involve sequential extraction and separation steps, which are time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. In this study, a novel method was first introduced to analyze cellulose content in tobacco via two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D HSQC) NMR spectroscopy. The method was based on derivatization approach to allow the dissolution of insoluble polysaccharide fractions of tobacco cell walls in DMSO‑d6/pyridine-d5 (4:1 v/v) for NMR analysis. The NMR results suggested that besides the main NMR signals of cellulose, partial signals of hemicellulose including mannopyranose, arabinofuranose, and galactopyranose units could also be identified. In addition, the utilization of relaxation reagents has proved to be an effective way to improve the sensitivity of 2D NMR spectroscopy, which was beneficial for quantification of biological samples with limited quantities. To overcome the limitations of quantification using 2D NMR, the calibration curve of cellulose with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene as internal reference was constructed and thus the accurate measurement of cellulose in tobacco was achieved. Compared with the chemical method, the interesting method was simple, reliable, and environmentally friendly, which provided a new insight for quantitative determination and structure analysis of plant macromolecules in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Huang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Tian
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Ge
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry in Anhui Province, China Tobacco Auhui Industrial Co., Ltd., No.9 Tianda Road, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China.
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