Cu/Zn-based catalysts for H2 production via steam reforming of methanol

Catalytic Activity Enhancement of Cu-Zn-Based Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming with Magnetic Inducement

Magnetic inducement was applied during metal loading to enhance Cu-Zn catalysts for methanol steam reforming in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. The supports used in this study were the γ-Al2O3 support and CeO2-Al2O3 supports prepared under different magnetic environments. Cu-Zn loading between the north and south poles (N-S) on the CeO2-Al2O3 support, prepared between two north poles (N-N), led to the highest H2 production at 300 °C (2796 ± 76 µmol/min), which is triple that of Cu-Zn/CeO2-Al2O3 prepared without magnetic inducement and ~11-fold the activity of the Cu-Zn/Al2O3 reference catalyst. The N-S magnetic environment during metal loading leads to lower reduction temperatures and larger Cu(1+):Cu(2+) ratio. These results showed that the pole arrangement of magnets during metal loading could affect the catalytic activity of the Cu-Zn catalyst owing to its influence on the reducibility and the oxidation state of Cu active metal.

Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation via Oxy-Steam Reforming of Methanol Process

The production of pure hydrogen is one of the most important problems of the modern chemical industry. While high volume production of hydrogen is well under control, finding a cheap method of hydrogen production for small, mobile, or his receivers, such as fuel cells or hybrid cars, is still a problem. Potentially, a promising method for the generation of hydrogen can be oxy-steam-reforming of methanol process. It is a process that takes place at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure, which makes it possible to generate hydrogen directly where it is needed. It is a process that takes place at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure, which makes it possible to generate hydrogen directly where it is needed. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the catalysts used for the production of hydrogen in the process of the oxy-steam-reforming of methanol (OSRM). The development of innovative energy generation technologies has intensified research related to the design of new catalysts that can be used in methanol-reforming reactions. This review shows the different pathways of the methanol-reforming reaction. The paper presents a comparison of commonly used copper-based catalysts with other catalytic systems for the production of H₂ via OSRM reaction. The surface mechanism of the oxy-steam-reforming of methanol and the kinetic model of the OSRM process are discussed.

Toward a comparative description between transition metal and zeolite catalysts for methanol conversion

A general description for zeolites and transition metal catalysts has been established for methanol conversion.

Steam Reforming of Methanol over Nanostructured Pt/TiO2 and Pt/CeO2 Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications

A research and technological challenge for fuel processors integrated with High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFCs), also known as Internal Reforming Methanol Fuel Cells (IRMFCs), operating at 200–220 °C, is the development of highly efficient catalysts, which will be able to selectively (low CO and other by-products formation) produce the required quantity of hydrogen at these temperatures. In this work, various amounts of platinum were dispersed via deposition-precipitation (DP) and impregnation (I) methods onto the surface of hydrothermally prepared ceria nanorods (CNRs) and titania nanotubes (TNTs). These nanostructured catalysts were evaluated in steam reforming of methanol process targeting the operation level of IRMFCs. The (DP) method resulted in highly (atomically) dispersed platinum-based catalysts, as confirmed with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) analysis, with a mean particle size of less than 1 nm in the case of 0.35 wt.% Pt/CNRs catalyst. Ultra-fine dispersion of platinum species correlated with the presence of oxygen vacancies, together with the enrichment of CNRs surface with active metallic phase resulted in a highly active catalyst achieving at 220 °C a hydrogen production rate of 5500 cm3 min−1 per g of loaded platinum.

Interplay of Support Chemistry and Reaction Conditions on Copper Catalyzed Methanol Steam Reforming

A series of Cu catalysts supported on SiO₂, Al₂O₃-SiO₂, TiO₂ rutile, and Cu/TiO₂ anatase metal oxides has been studied for methanol reforming in the vapor phase. The highest activity was obtained on Cu/SiO₂ catalysts (5493 μmol H₂ min^-1·g_cat ^-1) followed by Cu/TiO₂ rutile, Cu/Al₂O₃-SiO₂, and anatase. XRD and HRTEM characterization after reaction revealed that on Cu/SiO₂ significant sintering occurred during reaction. In contrast, the particle size growth on Cu/TiO₂ rutile and anatase was less pronounced, which could be associated with the interaction between Cu clusters and TiO₂. Characterization by TGA showed that on Cu/Al₂O₃-SiO₂ the main cause of deactivation was coke deposition.

Catalytic Reforming of Oxygenates: State of the Art and Future Prospects

This Review describes recent advances in the design, synthesis, reactivity, selectivity, structural, and electronic properties of the catalysts for reforming of a variety of oxygenates (e.g., from simple monoalcohols to higher polyols, then to sugars, phenols, and finally complicated mixtures like bio-oil). A comprehensive exploration of the structure-activity relationship in catalytic reforming of oxygenates is carried out, assisted by state-of-the-art characterization techniques and computational tools. Critical emphasis has been given on the mechanisms of these heterogeneous-catalyzed reactions and especially on the nature of the active catalytic sites and reaction pathways. Similarities and differences (reaction mechanisms, design and synthesis of catalysts, as well as catalytic systems) in the reforming process of these oxygenates will also be discussed. A critical overview is then provided regarding the challenges and opportunities for research in this area with a focus on the roles that systems of heterogeneous catalysis, reaction engineering, and materials science can play in the near future. This Review aims to present insights into the intrinsic mechanism involved in catalytic reforming and provides guidance to the development of novel catalysts and processes for the efficient utilization of oxygenates for energy and environmental purposes.

Glycerol hydro-deoxygenation aided by in situ H2 generation via methanol aqueous phase reforming over a Cu–ZnO–Al2O3 catalyst

Methanol APR–glycerol HDO reactions were successfully coupled to produce 1,2-propanediol at high yields over an efficient CuZnAl catalyst.