Porous iron-phosphonate nanomaterial as an efficient catalyst for the CO 2 fixation at atmospheric pressure and esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid

Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 cycloaddition to bio-based epoxides and glycerol: an overview of recent development

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions contribute significantly to global warming and deplete fossil carbon resources, prompting a shift to bio-based raw materials. The two main technologies for reducing CO₂ emissions are capturing and either storing or utilizing it. However, while capture and storage have high reduction potential, they lack economic feasibility. Conversely, by utilizing the CO₂ captured from streams and air to produce valuable products, it can become an asset and curb greenhouse gas effects. CO₂ is a challenging C1-building block due to its high kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability, requiring high temperature and pressure conditions and a reactive catalytic system. Nonetheless, cyclic carbonate production by reacting epoxides and CO₂ is a promising green and sustainable chemistry reaction, with enormous potential applications as an electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries, a green solvent, and a monomer in polycarbonate production. This review focuses on the most recent developments in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from glycerol and bio-based epoxides, as well as efficient methods for chemically transforming CO₂ using flow chemistry and novel reactor designs.

Constructing a metal-free 2D covalent organic framework for visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2: a sustainable strategy for atmospheric CO2 utilization

A 2D polyimide-linked covalent organic framework (COF) with band gap energy of 2.2 eV is developed as a stable and efficient porous photocatalyst which shows CO2 reduction to formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol.

Functionalized β-Cyclodextrins Catalyzed Environment-Friendly Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides

Ammonium, imidazole, or pyridinium functionalized β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) were used as efficient one-component bifunctional catalysts for the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and epoxide without the addition of solvent and metal. The influence of different catalysts and reaction parameters on the catalytic performance were examined in detail. Under optimal conditions, Im-CD1-I catalysts functionalized with imidazole groups were able to convert various epoxides into target products with high selectivity and good conversion rates. The one-component bifunctional catalysts can also be recovered easily by filtration and reused at least for five times with only slight decrease in catalytic performance. Finally, a possible process for hydroxyl group-assisted ring-opening of epoxide and functionalized group- induced activation of CO₂ was presented.

Zn(II)-Functionalized COF as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Sustainable Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates and Cyclic Carbamates from Atmospheric CO2

A simple covalent organic framework (COF) bearing β-ketoenamine units as a potential heterogeneous ligand for ZnII-catalyzed fixation and transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals is reported. Catalytic investigations convincingly demonstrated...

Catalytic conversions of isocyanate to urea and glucose to levulinate esters over mesoporous α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O in green media

We have described a facile solvothermal synthesis of sheet-like α-Ti(HPO₄)₂·H₂O nanomaterial and its application in heterogeneous catalysis to synthesize fine chemicals like urea, levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates.

Macroporous polystyrene degraded and functionalized chromium MPS-Cr(iii)-alen complex as a sustainable porous catalyst for CO2 fixation under atmospheric pressure and selective oxidation of aromatic alkenes

The benign synthesis of porous polystyrene supported chromium(iii) catalyst has been carried out for the production of cyclic carbonates via CO₂ fixation under atm. pressure and for the selective oxidation of aromatic alkenes under mild conditions.

Metal β-diketonate complexes as highly efficient catalysts for chemical fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions

The potential of metal β-diketonate complexes for the catalysis of the chemical fixation of CO₂ into cyclic carbonates at 1 atm CO₂ and near room temperature was demonstrated. Their potential for the capture and simultaneous conversion of CO₂ in a dilute CO₂ stream was also determined. The catalysts were easily synthesized and commercially available. Therefore, this CO₂ transformation was less energy- and material-consuming, which made this reaction closer to true "green" chemistry.