1
|
Loh JYY, Wang A, Mohan A, Tountas AA, Gouda AM, Tavasoli A, Ozin GA. Leave No Photon Behind: Artificial Intelligence in Multiscale Physics of Photocatalyst and Photoreactor Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306604. [PMID: 38477404 PMCID: PMC11095204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Although solar fuels photocatalysis offers the promise of converting carbon dioxide directly with sunlight as commercially scalable solutions have remained elusive over the past few decades, despite significant advancements in photocatalysis band-gap engineering and atomic site activity. The primary challenge lies not in the discovery of new catalyst materials, which are abundant, but in overcoming the bottlenecks related to material-photoreactor synergy. These factors include achieving photogeneration and charge-carrier recombination at reactive sites, utilizing high mass transfer efficiency supports, maximizing solar collection, and achieving uniform light distribution within a reactor. Addressing this multi-dimensional problem necessitates harnessing machine learning techniques to analyze real-world data from photoreactors and material properties. In this perspective, the challenges are outlined associated with each bottleneck factor, review relevant data analysis studies, and assess the requirements for developing a comprehensive solution that can unlock the full potential of solar fuels photocatalysis technology. Physics-informed machine learning (or Physics Neural Networks) may be the key to advancing this important area from disparate data towards optimal reactor solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Yi Yang Loh
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe Photon Science InstituteAlan Turing Building, Oxford RdManchesterM13 9PYUK
| | - Andrew Wang
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Abhinav Mohan
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry200 College St, TorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
| | - Athanasios A. Tountas
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry200 College St, TorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
| | - Abdelaziz M. Gouda
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Alexandra Tavasoli
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia6250 Applied Science Ln #2054VancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biener G, Malla TN, Schwander P, Schmidt M. KINNTREX: a neural network to unveil protein mechanisms from time-resolved X-ray crystallography. IUCRJ 2024; 11:405-422. [PMID: 38662478 PMCID: PMC11067743 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Here, a machine-learning method based on a kinetically informed neural network (NN) is introduced. The proposed method is designed to analyze a time series of difference electron-density maps from a time-resolved X-ray crystallographic experiment. The method is named KINNTREX (kinetics-informed NN for time-resolved X-ray crystallography). To validate KINNTREX, multiple realistic scenarios were simulated with increasing levels of complexity. For the simulations, time-resolved X-ray data were generated that mimic data collected from the photocycle of the photoactive yellow protein. KINNTREX only requires the number of intermediates and approximate relaxation times (both obtained from a singular valued decomposition) and does not require an assumption of a candidate mechanism. It successfully predicts a consistent chemical kinetic mechanism, together with difference electron-density maps of the intermediates that appear during the reaction. These features make KINNTREX attractive for tackling a wide range of biomolecular questions. In addition, the versatility of KINNTREX can inspire more NN-based applications to time-resolved data from biological macromolecules obtained by other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Biener
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Tek Narsingh Malla
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Peter Schwander
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yonge A, Gusmão GS, Fushimi R, Medford AJ. Model-Based Design of Experiments for Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP): A Simulated Case Study in Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:4756-4770. [PMID: 38525291 PMCID: PMC10958505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactors enable experiments that probe numerous kinetic processes within a single set of experimental data through variations in pulse intensity, delay, or temperature. Selecting additional TAP experiments often involves an arbitrary selection of reaction conditions or the use of chemical intuition. To make experiment selection in TAP more robust, we explore the efficacy of model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) for precision in TAP reactor kinetic modeling. We successfully applied this approach to a case study of synthetic oxidative propane dehydrogenation (OPDH) that involves pulses of propane and oxygen. We found that experiments identified as optimal through the MBDoE for precision generally reduce parameter uncertainties to a higher degree than alternative experiments. The performance of MBDoE for model divergence was also explored for OPDH, with the relevant active sites (catalyst structure) being unknown. An experiment that maximized the divergence between the three proposed mechanisms was identified and provided evidence that improved the mechanism discrimination. However, reoptimization of kinetic parameters eliminated the ability to discriminate between models. The findings yield insight into the prospects and limitations of MBDoE for TAP and transient kinetic experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yonge
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gabriel S. Gusmão
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rebecca Fushimi
- Catalysis
and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National
Laboratory, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Andrew J. Medford
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shayesteh Zadeh A, Khan SA, Vandervelden C, Peters B. Site-Averaged Ab Initio Kinetics: Importance Learning for Multistep Reactions on Amorphous Supports. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2873-2886. [PMID: 37093705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom centers on amorphous supports include catalysts for polymerization, partial oxidation, metathesis, hydrogenolysis, and more. The disordered environment makes each site different, and the kinetics exponentially magnifies these differences to make ab initio site-averaged kinetics calculations extremely difficult. This work extends the importance learning algorithm for efficient and precise site-averaged kinetics estimates to ab initio calculations and multistep reaction mechanisms. Specifically, we calculate site-averaged proton transfer relaxation rates on an ensemble of cluster models representing Brønsted acid sites on silica-alumina. We include direct and water-assisted proton transfer pathways and simultaneously estimate the water adsorption and activation enthalpies for forward and backward proton transfers. We use density functional theory (DFT) to obtain a site-averaged rate, somewhat like a turnover frequency, for the proton transfer relaxation rate. Finally, we show that importance learning can provide orders-of-magnitude acceleration over standard sampling methods for site-averaged rate calculations in cases where the rate is dominated by a few highly active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Shayesteh Zadeh
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Salman A Khan
- Delaware Energy Institute (DEI), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | | | - Baron Peters
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu LT, Chen XZ, Ouyang B, Yan WC, Lei H, Chen Z, Luo ZH. Review of Machine Learning for Hydrodynamics, Transport, and Reactions in Multiphase Flows and Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Zhong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - He Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|