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Guo H, Xiong X, Wang Y, Tian H, Zhang S, Geng G. Integrative proteomic and physiological analyses of the molecular response to dessication-stress in Auricularia fibrillifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995810. [PMID: 36212373 PMCID: PMC9532602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main factors influencing the growth and development of an organism. Auricularia fibrillifera has strong dessication resistance. In A. fibrillifera under dessication-stress, the melanin content of fruiting bodies elevated significantly by >10-fold compared with the control. Folate content also increased sharply but decreased significantly after rehydration, and amino acid and biotin levels increased by 40.11 and 22.14%, respectively. In proteomic analysis, 1,572 and 21 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified under dessication-stress and rehydration, respectively. A large number of DAPs were annotated in "amino acid metabolism," "carbohydrate metabolism," and "translation" pathways, and the DAPs related to osmotic regulation and antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased in abundance. Transcriptome-proteome association analysis showed that most DAPs (30) were annotated in the "biosynthesis of antibiotics" pathway. DAPs and corresponding differentially expressed genes were all up-regulated in the "biotin biosynthesis" pathway and associated with "folate biosynthesis" and "phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis." In the analysis of protein-protein interactions, the DAPs annotated in the "phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis" pathway had the strongest interactions with other DAPs. These enriched pathways could enhance amino acid, folate, biotin, and melanin levels during desiccation stress, which is consistent with the physiological data (amino acid, folate, biotin, and melanin contents). In addition, many DAPs related to the cytoskeleton were significantly increased in abundance under dessication-stress. Physiological and transcriptome data were in agreement with proteomic results. This work provides valuable insight into the dessication-tolerant mechanisms of A. fibrillifera.
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Effect of denture liners surface modification with Equisetum giganteum and Punica granatum on Candida albicans biofilm inhibition. Ther Deliv 2022; 13:157-166. [PMID: 35195016 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the effect of denture liners surface modification with Equisetum giganteum (EG) and Punica granatum (PG) on Candida albicans biofilm inhibition supposing its usage as a sustained-release therapeutical delivery system for Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Materials & methods: C. albicans biofilm (SC5314 or ATCC 90028) was formed on soft liners superficially modified by a primer mixed to drugs at minimum inhibitory concentrations (0.100 g for EG and PG or 0.016 g for nystatin per ml of primer). After 24 h, 7 or 14 days, antibiofilm activity was evaluated by colony-forming unit counts. Results: Not all groups were equi-efficient to nystatin after 24 h and 7 days. After 14 days, EG and PG efficacies were not different from nystatin (almost 100% inhibition). Conclusion: The proposed protocol presents a promising option to allopathic drugs for Candida-associated denture stomatitis treatment.
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Vázquez-González Y, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA, Calderón-Santoyo M. Characterization and antifungal activity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) leaf extract obtained using conventional and emerging technologies. Food Chem 2020; 330:127211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Qiu Y, He D, Yang J, Ma L, Zhu K, Cao Y. Kaempferol separated from Camellia oleifera meal by high-speed countercurrent chromatography for antibacterial application. Eur Food Res Technol 2020; 246:2383-2397. [PMID: 32837313 PMCID: PMC7415335 DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural biologically active substances have received continuous attention for the potentially beneficial health properties against chronic diseases. In this study, bacteriostatic active substance from Camellia oleifera meal, which is a major by-product of the Camellia oil processing industry, were extracted with continuous phase change extraction (CPCE) method and separated by HSCCC. Compared with traditional extraction methods, CPCE possessed higher extraction efficiency. Two main substances were separated and purified (above 90.0%). The structure of them were further identified by UV, LC-ESI-MS-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR as flavonoids F2 kaempferol 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside and J2 kaempferol 3-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside for the first time in C. Oleifera meal. The results of antibacterial activity measurement showed that both compounds have excellent antibacterial activity. And the antibacterial stability of F2 were finally confirmed: F2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus nigricans. Besides, F2 exhibited relatively high stable property even at high temperature, acid and metal ion solutions. The findings of this work suggest the possibility of employing C. oleifera meal as an attractive source of health-promoting compounds, and at the same time facilitate its high-value reuse and reduction of environmental burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Qiu
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Di He
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Lukai Ma
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Kaiqi Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Yong Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510000 China
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Tang J, Song H, Feng X, Yohannes A, Yao S. Ionic Liquid-Like Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Medicinal Chemistry: Development, Status and Prospects. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5947-5967. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180605123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:As a new kind of green media and bioactive compounds with special structure, Ionic Liquids (ILs) are attracting much attention and applied widely in many fields. However, their roles and potential have not been fully recognized by many researchers of medicinal chemistry. Because of obvious differences from other traditional drugs and reagents, their uses and performance together with advantages and disadvantages need to be explored and reviewed in detail.Methods:For a systematic and explicit description of the relationship between ILs and medicinal chemistry, all of the contents were elucidated and summarized in a series of independent parts. In each part, it started from the research background or a conceptual framework and then specific examples were introduced to illustrate the theme. Finally, the important conclusions were drawn and its future was outlooked after the discussion about related key problems appearing in each mentioned research. Meanwhile, methodologies such as empirical analysis, comparison and induction were applied in different sections to exposit our subject.Results:The whole review was composed of five parts, and 148 papers were cited in total. Related basic information of ionic liquids was provided on the basis of representative references, including their concepts and important characters. Then 82 papers outlined ionic liquid-like active pharmaceutical ingredients, which unfolded with their major biological activities (antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, antitumor activity, anticholinesterase activity and so on). Applications of ionic liquids in the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates were elaborated in 92 papers to illustrate the important roles of ILs and their extraordinary properties in this field. Moreover, new technologies (such as immobilization of IL, microwave reaction, solventfree synthesis, microreactor, etc) were introduced for further innovation. Finally, 26 papers were included to expound the status of the IL-assisted derivatization of various natural lead compounds.Conclusion:This review placed emphasis on chemical structures of ILs and their structureactivity relationships in a specific manner, leading to meaningful and valuable related information to some related fields and thus promotes further development and application of various ILs for medicinal chemistry. The deep exploration for key scientific problems is the driving force to propel their theoretical breakthrough and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xueting Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Alula Yohannes
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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6
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Kong Q, Yu X, Song D, Ren X. Effect of tricyclazole on morphology, virulence and gene expression of Aspergillus aculeatus for management of soft rot disease in peach. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1827-1835. [PMID: 30129994 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aspergillus aculeatus, a pathogen of peaches, can cause soft rot and lead to economic losses in agricultural production. However, studies on the prevention of soft rot caused by A. aculeatus have rarely been reported. Tricyclazole (TCZ) is a fungicide that has been widely used in disease prevention of various crops but the inhibitory mechanism of TCZ on A. aculeatus is unknown. Our aim was to determine the effects of TCZ on A. aculeatus. METHODS AND RESULTS In our study, TCZ inhibited the growth of fungal colonies when applied at 0·5-6 mmol l-1 and inhibited the production of melanin at 3 mmol l-1 . Conidia exposed to TCZ were less effective at causing the disease in inoculated samples, and electrical conductivity, divulgation of nucleic acids and proteins rose with increasing concentrations of TCZ. Microscopic results suggest that TCZ damages not only the cell wall but also the cell membrane. Results of qRT-PCR showed that TCZ had no significant effect on the regulation of genes coding for laccase, apoptosis and hypothetical protein; however, it significantly down-regulated genes coding for cellulase, chitinase and sterol. CONCLUSIONS Tricyclazole can influence the pathogenic ability of A. aculeatus by damaging the cell structure of hyphae and conidia, reducing the melanin production, and altering the expression of pathogenic-related gene. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results explained the potential cause and mechanism TCZ produced in A. aculeatus. Our research offers scientific insights into future research interest relative to using TCZ in the treatment of soft rot caused by A. aculeatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Kong
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - X Yu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - D Song
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - X Ren
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yang S, Zhou J, Li D, Shang C, Peng L, Pan S. The structure-antifungal activity relationship of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against Penicillium italicum. Food Chem 2016; 224:26-31. [PMID: 28159264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the structure-activity relationship of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum, we tested the antifungal activity of 23 selected 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against spore germination of P. italicum, and the effects of hydroxyl group, hydrogenation, methylation and glycosylation on the antifungal activity are explored. C-4'-OH and C-3-OH are active groups for the 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum. We find that hydrogenation of the C2/C3 bond decreases the antifungal activity of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids. Antifungal activity of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum was affected by the conjugation site of glycosylation and the class of sugar moiety. The correlation between antifungal activity and the inhibition of respiration of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids was further evaluated. We find no significant relationship among the IC50 of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids on spore germination and on respiration. Some 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids even enhance the respiration of P. italicum. This indicate respiration is not the only target for 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Chunyu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Litao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Chen H, Han X, Qin N, Wei L, Yang Y, Rao L, Chi B, Feng L, Ren Y, Wan J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors against 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase from Magnaporthe grisea. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Patel NK, Jaiswal G, Bhutani KK. A review on biological sources, chemistry and pharmacological activities of pinostrobin. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:2017-27. [PMID: 26653796 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pinostrobin, a dietary bioflavonoid discovered more than 6 decades ago in the heart-wood of pine (Pinus strobus), has depicted many pharmacological activities including anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-leukaemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-aromatase activities. It is an inhibitor of sodium channel and Ca(2+) signalling pathways and also inhibits intestinal smooth muscle contractions. In spite of the fact that pinostrobin has an application as functional foods, till-to-date no comprehensive review on pinostrobin has been carried out. Hence, the present review deals with the biological sources, chemistry and pharmacological activities of pinostrobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Patel
- a Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Mohali , India
| | - Gaurav Jaiswal
- a Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Mohali , India
| | - Kamlesh K Bhutani
- a Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Mohali , India
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10
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Tritsch D, Zinglé C, Rohmer M, Grosdemange-Billiard C. Flavonoids: true or promiscuous inhibitors of enzyme? The case of deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase. Bioorg Chem 2015; 59:140-4. [PMID: 25800132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, due to their physical and chemical properties (among them hydrophobicity and metal chelation abilities), are potential inhibitors of the 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase and most of the tested flavonoids effectively inhibited its activity with encouraging IC50 values in the micromolar range. The addition of 0.01% Triton X100 in the assays led however, to a dramatic decrease of the inhibition revealing that a non-specific inhibition probably takes place. Our study highlights the possibility of erroneous conclusions regarding the inhibition of enzymes by flavonoids that are able to produce aggregates in micromolar range. Therefore, the addition of a detergent in the assays prevents possible false positive hits in high throughput screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Tritsch
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Catherine Zinglé
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Rohmer
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg, UMR 7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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Patel K, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V, Patel DK. A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosmetin: A concise report. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:792-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Bernat P, Szewczyk R, Krupiński M, Długoński J. Butyltins degradation by Cunninghamella elegans and Cochliobolus lunatus co-culture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 246-247:277-282. [PMID: 23314396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are ubiquitous in environment. However, biodegradation of tributyltin (TBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) to non toxic metabolites by fungi has been seldom observed. In this study we constructed a fungal co-culture with an efficient ability of TBT and its metabolites removal. The microscopic fungus strain Cunninghamella elegans degraded TBT via hydroxybutyldibutyltin (OHBuDBT) to its metabolites: DBT and monobutyltin (MBT), which were then transformed by Cochliobolus lunatus. The sequential biodegradation resulted in a 10-fold decrease in samples toxicity to Artemia franciscana larvae. With an initial TBT concentration of 5 mg l(-1), the co-culture of both fungi almost completely eliminated butyltins during 12 days of incubation in synthetic medium. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the mixed fungal co-culture could efficiently degrade TBT. This process was associated with glucose utilization, and a cometabolic nature of butyltins removal by selected strains has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, PL 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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13
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Brunskole Svegelj M, Turk S, Brus B, Lanisnik Rizner T, Stojan J, Gobec S. Novel inhibitors of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase with antifungal activity identified by ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1716-24. [PMID: 21667970 DOI: 10.1021/ci2001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Curvularia lunata is a dark pigmented fungus that is the causative agent of several diseases in plants and in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients. 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin is found in the cell wall of C. lunata and is believed to be the important virulence factor of dematiaceous fungi. Trihydroxynaphthalene reductase is an enzyme of the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthetic pathway, and it thus represents an emerging target for the development of novel fungicides and antimycotics. In the present study, we describe novel inhibitors of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase from C. lunata. These inhibitors were identified by ligand-based three-dimensional similarity searching and docking to a homology-built model and by subsequent biochemical and antifungal evaluation. Discovery of competitive inhibitors with K(i) values in low micromolar and even nanomolar concentration range proves the aplicability of homology-built model of 3HNR for hit finding by virtual screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Brunskole Svegelj
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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McNulty J, Nair JJ, Bollareddy E, Keskar K, Thorat A, Crankshaw DJ, Holloway AC, Khan G, Wright GD, Ejim L. Isolation of flavonoids from the heartwood and resin of Prunus avium and some preliminary biological investigations. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:2040-6. [PMID: 19837443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the constituents in heartwood and resin of Prunus avium is reported. A mini-library of structurally diverse flavanones and flavones was screened for human cytochrome P450 1A1, 3A4 and 19 (aromatase) inhibition, and for antifungal activity against a panel of pathogenic fungi. The defensive role of these natural plant flavonoids as antifungal phytoalexins and phytoanticipins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1.
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15
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Two homologous fungal carbonyl reductases with different substrate specificities. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 178:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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