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Nieminen P, Finnilä MAJ, Hämäläinen W, Lehtiniemi S, Jämsä T, Tuukkanen J, Kunnasranta M, Henttonen H, Mustonen AM. Osteological profiling of femoral diaphysis and neck in aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial carnivores and rodents: effects of body size and locomotor habits. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01551-7. [PMID: 38678156 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The increased limb bone density documented previously for aquatic tetrapods has been proposed to be an adaptation to overcome buoyancy during swimming and diving. It can be achieved by increasing the amount of bone deposition or by reducing the amount of bone resorption, leading to cortical thickening, loss of medullary cavity, and compaction of trabecular bone. The present study examined the effects of locomotor habit, body size, and phylogeny on the densitometric, cross-sectional, and biomechanical traits of femoral diaphysis and neck in terrestrial, semiaquatic, and aquatic carnivores, and in terrestrial and semiaquatic rodents (12 species) by using peripheral quantitative computed tomography, three-point bending, and femoral neck loading tests. Groupwise differences were analyzed with the univariate generalized linear model and the multivariate linear discriminant analysis supplemented with hierarchical clustering. While none of the individual features could separate the lifestyles or species adequately, the combinations of multiple features produced very good or excellent classifications and clusterings. In the phocid seals, the aquatic niche allowed for lower femoral bone mineral densities than expected based on the body mass alone. The semiaquatic mammals mostly had high bone mineral densities compared to the terrestrial species, which could be considered an adaptation to overcome buoyancy during swimming and shallow diving. Generally, it seems that different osteological properties at the levels of mineral density and biomechanics could be compatible with the adaptation to aquatic, semiaquatic, or terrestrial niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Nieminen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Saara Lehtiniemi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Kunnasranta
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Nieminen P, Rouvinen-Watt K, Harris L, Huitu O, Henttonen H, Mustonen AM. De novo lipogenesis is suppressed during fasting but upregulated at population decline in cyclic voles. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:882-7. [PMID: 26892709 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216633312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arvicolines are susceptible to the development of fatty liver during short-term fasting. We examined the potential role of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) (i) in the development of fasting-induced fatty liver and (ii) during a population cycle by measuring the mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Laboratory voles (Microtus oeconomus and Microtus arvalis) were fed or fasted for 12 or 18 h and their liver mRNA levels were determined. Both species showed decreased mRNA expression of ACC1 and FAS during fasting. This suggests that DNL does not participate in the development of fatty liver in voles, different from human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus), the mRNA levels of the genes of interest were higher during the population decline compared to the increase phase. In conclusion, DNL was suppressed during acute fasting but upregulated during a long-term population decline-a period of purported scarcity of high-quality food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Nieminen
- Department of Biomedicine/Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Lora Harris
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Otso Huitu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki Unit, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Vantaa Unit, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Department of Biomedicine/Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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