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Liu J, Jiang G, Zhang H, Zhang H, Jia X, Gan Z, Yu H. Effects of Hibernation on Colonic Epithelial Tissue and Gut Microbiota in Wild Chipmunks ( Tamias sibiricus). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1498. [PMID: 38791715 PMCID: PMC11117362 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the host's metabolic processes. Many studies have shown significant changes in the gut microbiota of mammals during hibernation to adapt to the changes in the external environment, but there is limited research on the colonic epithelial tissue and gut microbiota of the wild chipmunks during hibernation. This study analyzed the diversity, composition, and function of the gut microbiota of the wild chipmunk during hibernation using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology, and further conducted histological analysis of the colon. Histological analysis of the colon showed an increase in goblet cells in the hibernation group, which was an adaptive change to long-term fasting during hibernation. The dominant gut microbial phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, and the relative abundance of them changed significantly. The analysis of gut microbiota structural differences indicated that the relative abundance of Helicobacter typhlonius and Mucispirillum schaedleri increased significantly, while unclassified Prevotella-9, unclassified Prevotellaceae-UCG-001, unclassified Prevotellaceae-UCG-003 and other species of Prevotella decreased significantly at the species level. Alpha diversity analysis showed that hibernation increased the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in gut microbiota diversity between the hibernation group and the control group. PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis of the gut microbiota showed that 15 pathways, such as lipid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, environmental adaptation, and neurodegenerative diseases, were significantly enriched in the hibernation group, while 12 pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, replication and repair, translation, and transcription, were significantly enriched in the control group. It can be seen that during hibernation, the gut microbiota of the wild chipmunk changes towards taxa that are beneficial for reducing carbohydrate consumption, increasing fat consumption, and adapting more strongly to environmental changes in order to better provide energy for the body and ensure normal life activities during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Haiying Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Zhenwei Gan
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Huimei Yu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (G.J.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.J.)
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Pavlova JA, Guseva EA, Dontsova OA, Sergiev PV. Natural Activators of Autophagy. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1-26. [PMID: 38467543 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is the process by which cell contents, such as aggregated proteins, dysfunctional organelles, and cell structures are sequestered by autophagosome and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. As a process that allows the cell to get rid of non-functional components that tend to accumulate with age, autophagy has been associated with many human diseases. In this regard, the search for autophagy activators and the study of their mechanism of action is an important task for treatment of many diseases, as well as for increasing healthy life expectancy. Plants are rich sources of autophagy activators, containing large amounts of polyphenolic compounds in their composition, which can be autophagy activators in their original form, or can be metabolized by the intestinal microbiota to active compounds. This review is devoted to the plant-based autophagy activators with emphasis on the sources of their production, mechanism of action, and application in various diseases. The review also describes companies commercializing natural autophagy activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Pavlova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Guseva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Dontsova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Petr V Sergiev
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Liu C, Yu H, Li Z, Chen S, Li X, Chen X, Chen B. The future of artificial hibernation medicine: protection of nerves and organs after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:22-28. [PMID: 37488839 PMCID: PMC10479867 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a serious disease of the central nervous system involving irreversible nerve injury and various organ system injuries. At present, no effective clinical treatment exists. As one of the artificial hibernation techniques, mild hypothermia has preliminarily confirmed its clinical effect on spinal cord injury. However, its technical defects and barriers, along with serious clinical side effects, restrict its clinical application for spinal cord injury. Artificial hibernation is a future-oriented disruptive technology for human life support. It involves endogenous hibernation inducers and hibernation-related central neuromodulation that activate particular neurons, reduce the central constant temperature setting point, disrupt the normal constant body temperature, make the body "adapt" to the external cold environment, and reduce the physiological resistance to cold stimulation. Thus, studying the artificial hibernation mechanism may help develop new treatment strategies more suitable for clinical use than the cooling method of mild hypothermia technology. This review introduces artificial hibernation technologies, including mild hypothermia technology, hibernation inducers, and hibernation-related central neuromodulation technology. It summarizes the relevant research on hypothermia and hibernation for organ and nerve protection. These studies show that artificial hibernation technologies have therapeutic significance on nerve injury after spinal cord injury through inflammatory inhibition, immunosuppression, oxidative defense, and possible central protection. It also promotes the repair and protection of respiratory and digestive, cardiovascular, locomotor, urinary, and endocrine systems. This review provides new insights for the clinical treatment of nerve and multiple organ protection after spinal cord injury thanks to artificial hibernation. At present, artificial hibernation technology is not mature, and research faces various challenges. Nevertheless, the effort is worthwhile for the future development of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupucture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupucture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengchao Li
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Shulian Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupucture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Tianjin, China
- Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
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Shankar A, Deal CK, McCahon S, Callegari K, Seitz T, Yan L, Drown DM, Williams CT. SAD rats: Effects of short photoperiod and carbohydrate consumption on sleep, liver steatosis, and the gut microbiome in diurnal grass rats. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:93-104. [PMID: 38047486 PMCID: PMC10843721 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2288223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a recurrent depression triggered by exposure to short photoperiods, with a subset of patients reporting hypersomnia, increased appetite, and carbohydrate craving. Dysfunction of the microbiota - gut - brain axis is frequently associated with depressive disorders, but its role in SAD is unknown. Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) are potentially useful for exploring the pathophysiology of SAD, as they are diurnal and have been found to exhibit anhedonia and affective-like behavior in response to short photoperiods. Further, given grass rats have been found to spontaneously develop metabolic syndrome, they may be particularly susceptible to environmental triggers of metabolic dysbiosis. We conducted a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment to test the effects of short photoperiod (4 h:20 h Light:Dark (LD) vs. neutral 12:12 LD), access to a high concentration (8%) sucrose solution, and the interaction between the two, on activity, sleep, liver steatosis, and the gut microbiome of grass rats. We found that animals on short photoperiods maintained robust diel rhythms and similar subjective day lengths as controls in neutral photoperiods but showed disrupted activity and sleep patterns (i.e. a return to sleep after an initial bout of activity that occurs ~ 13 h before lights off). We found no evidence that photoperiod influenced sucrose consumption. By the end of the experiment, some grass rats were overweight and exhibited signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with micro- and macro-steatosis. However, neither photoperiod nor access to sucrose solution significantly affected the degree of liver steatosis. The gut microbiome of grass rats varied substantially among individuals, but most variation was attributable to parental effects and the microbiome was unaffected by photoperiod or access to sucrose. Our study indicates short photoperiod leads to disrupted activity and sleep in grass rats but does not impact sucrose consumption or exacerbate metabolic dysbiosis and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Shankar
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
- Current: Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Cole K. Deal
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Shelby McCahon
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Kyle Callegari
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Taylor Seitz
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Devin M. Drown
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
| | - Cory T. Williams
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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Cuyutupa VR, Moser D, Diedrich V, Cheng Y, Billaud JN, Haugg E, Singer D, Bereiter-Hahn J, Herwig A, Choukér A. Blood transcriptomics mirror regulatory mechanisms during hibernation-a comparative analysis of the Djungarian hamster with other mammalian species. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1149-1160. [PMID: 37542567 PMCID: PMC10499953 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation enables many species of the mammalian kingdom to overcome periods of harsh environmental conditions. During this physically inactive state metabolic rate and body temperature are drastically downregulated, thereby reducing energy requirements (torpor) also over shorter time periods. Since blood cells reflect the organism´s current condition, it was suggested that transcriptomic alterations in blood cells mirror the torpor-associated physiological state. Transcriptomics on blood cells of torpid and non-torpid Djungarian hamsters and QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed key target molecules (TMIPA), which were subjected to a comparative literature analysis on transcriptomic alterations during torpor/hibernation in other mammals. Gene expression similarities were identified in 148 TMIPA during torpor nadir among various organs and phylogenetically different mammalian species. Based on TMIPA, IPA network analyses corresponded with described inhibitions of basic cellular mechanisms and immune system-associated processes in torpid mammals. Moreover, protection against damage to the heart, kidney, and liver was deduced from this gene expression pattern in blood cells. This study shows that blood cell transcriptomics can reflect the general physiological state during torpor nadir. Furthermore, the understanding of molecular processes for torpor initiation and organ preservation may have beneficial implications for humans in extremely challenging environments, such as in medical intensive care units and in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rojas Cuyutupa
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Dominique Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Victoria Diedrich
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yiming Cheng
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Elena Haugg
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominique Singer
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annika Herwig
- Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany.
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Emser SV, Spielvogel CP, Millesi E, Steinborn R. Mitochondrial polymorphism m.3017C>T of SHLP6 relates to heterothermy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207620. [PMID: 37675281 PMCID: PMC10478271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterothermic thermoregulation requires intricate regulation of metabolic rate and activation of pro-survival factors. Eliciting these responses and coordinating the necessary energy shifts likely involves retrograde signalling by mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). Members of the group were suggested before to play a role in heterothermic physiology, a key component of hibernation and daily torpor. Here we studied the mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) m.3017C>T that resides in the evolutionarily conserved gene MT-SHLP6. The substitution occurring in several mammalian orders causes truncation of SHLP6 peptide size from twenty to nine amino acids. Public mass spectrometric (MS) data of human SHLP6 indicated a canonical size of 20 amino acids, but not the use of alternative translation initiation codons that would expand the peptide. The shorter isoform of SHLP6 was found in heterothermic rodents at higher frequency compared to homeothermic rodents (p < 0.001). In heterothermic mammals it was associated with lower minimal body temperature (T b, p < 0.001). In the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, brown adipose tissue-a key organ required for hibernation, showed dynamic changes of the steady-state transcript level of mt-Shlp6. The level was significantly higher before hibernation and during interbout arousal and lower during torpor and after hibernation. Our finding argues to further explore the mode of action of SHLP6 size isoforms with respect to mammalian thermoregulation and possibly mitochondrial retrograde signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Emser
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens P. Spielvogel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Grond K, Buck CL, Duddleston KN. Microbial gene expression during hibernation in arctic ground squirrels: greater differences across gut sections than in response to pre-hibernation dietary protein content. Front Genet 2023; 14:1210143. [PMID: 37636260 PMCID: PMC10450147 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1210143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obligate seasonal hibernators fast for 5-9 months depending on species yet resist muscle atrophy and emerge with little lean mass loss. The role of the gut microbiome in host nitrogen metabolism during hibernation is therefore of considerable interest, and recent studies support a role for urea nitrogen salvage (UNS) in host-protein conservation. We were interested in the effect of pre-hibernation diet on UNS and the microbial provision of essential amino acids (EAAs) during hibernation; therefore, we conducted a study whereby we fed arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii) pre-hibernation diets containing 9% vs. 18% protein and compared the expression of gut bacterial urease and amino acid (AA) metabolism genes in 4 gut sections (cecum mucosa, cecum lumen, small intestine [SI] mucosa, and SI lumen) during hibernation. We found that pre-hibernation dietary protein content did not affect expression of complete bacterial AA pathway genes during hibernation; however, several individual genes within EAA pathways were differentially expressed in squirrels fed 18% pre-hibernation dietary protein. Expression of genes associated with AA pathways was highest in the SI and lowest in the cecum mucosa. Additionally, the SI was the dominant expression site of AA and urease genes and was distinct from other sections in its overall microbial functional and taxonomic composition. Urease expression in the gut microbiome of hibernating squirrels significantly differed by gut section, but not by pre-hibernation dietary protein content. We identified two individual genes that are part of the urea cycle and involved in arginine biosynthesis, which were significantly more highly expressed in the cecum lumen and SI mucosa of squirrels fed a pre-hibernation diet containing 18% protein. Six bacterial genera were responsible for 99% of urease gene expression: Cupriavidus, Burkholderia, Laribacter, Bradhyrizobium, Helicobacter, and Yersinia. Although we did not find a strong effect of pre-hibernation dietary protein content on urease or AA metabolism gene expression during hibernation, our data do suggest the potential for pre-hibernation diet to modulate gut microbiota function during hibernation, and further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Grond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - C. Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Khrystyne N. Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
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Harazim M, Perrot J, Varet H, Bourhy H, Lannoy J, Pikula J, Seidlová V, Dacheux L, Martínková N. Transcriptomic responses of bat cells to European bat lyssavirus 1 infection under conditions simulating euthermia and hibernation. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:7. [PMID: 37085747 PMCID: PMC10120247 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coevolution between pathogens and their hosts decreases host morbidity and mortality. Bats host and can tolerate viruses which can be lethal to other vertebrate orders, including humans. Bat adaptations to infection include localized immune response, early pathogen sensing, high interferon expression without pathogen stimulation, and regulated inflammatory response. The immune reaction is costly, and bats suppress high-cost metabolism during torpor. In the temperate zone, bats hibernate in winter, utilizing a specific behavioural adaptation to survive detrimental environmental conditions and lack of energy resources. Hibernation torpor involves major physiological changes that pose an additional challenge to bat-pathogen coexistence. Here, we compared bat cellular reaction to viral challenge under conditions simulating hibernation, evaluating the changes between torpor and euthermia. RESULTS We infected the olfactory nerve-derived cell culture of Myotis myotis with an endemic bat pathogen, European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1). After infection, the bat cells were cultivated at two different temperatures, 37 °C and 5 °C, to examine the cell response during conditions simulating euthermia and torpor, respectively. The mRNA isolated from the cells was sequenced and analysed for differential gene expression attributable to the temperature and/or infection treatment. In conditions simulating euthermia, infected bat cells produce an excess signalling by multitude of pathways involved in apoptosis and immune regulation influencing proliferation of regulatory cell types which can, in synergy with other produced cytokines, contribute to viral tolerance. We found no up- or down-regulated genes expressed in infected cells cultivated at conditions simulating torpor compared to non-infected cells cultivated under the same conditions. When studying the reaction of uninfected cells to the temperature treatment, bat cells show an increased production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) with chaperone activity, improving the bat's ability to repair molecular structures damaged due to the stress related to the temperature change. CONCLUSIONS The lack of bat cell reaction to infection in conditions simulating hibernation may contribute to the virus tolerance or persistence in bats. Together with the cell damage repair mechanisms induced in response to hibernation, the immune regulation may promote bats' ability to act as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses such as lyssaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Harazim
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60300, Brno, Czechia.
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czechia.
| | - Juliette Perrot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité Lyssavirus, Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité Lyssavirus, Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Julien Lannoy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité Lyssavirus, Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jiri Pikula
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242, Brno, Czechia
| | - Veronika Seidlová
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61242, Brno, Czechia
| | - Laurent Dacheux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité Lyssavirus, Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Natália Martínková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60300, Brno, Czechia
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czechia
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Antonova EP, Belkin VV, Ilyukha VA, Khizhkin EA, Kalinina SN. Seasonal Changes in Body Mass and Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Eptesicus nilssonii (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) during Hibernation. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302204010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang T, Hedrick MS. Introduction to the special issue: Comparative physiology and the legacy of August Krogh, 1920-2020. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 256:110930. [PMID: 33647462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wang
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Universitetsparken, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Michael S Hedrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA.
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