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Salla RF, Oliveira FN, Jacintho JC, Cirqueira F, Tsukada E, Vieira LG, Rocha TL. Microplastics and TiO 2 nanoparticles mixture as an emerging threat to amphibians: A case study on bullfrog embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123624. [PMID: 38387544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants can act as contributing factors to the decline of amphibian populations worldwide. Recently, scientists have drawn attention to the potential ecotoxicity of microplastics and nanomaterials in amphibians, however, their possible effects on embryonic developmental stages are still absent. Thus, the present study analyzed the developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs; 60 mg/L) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs; 10 μg/L), isolated or in combination (Mix group) on bullfrog embryos, Aquarana catesbeiana, adapting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay (FETAX, 96h). Allied to the FETAX protocol, we also analyzed the heart rate and morphometric data. The exposure reduced the survival and hatching rates in groups exposed to TiO2 NPs, and to a lesser extent, also affected the Mix group. TiO2 NPs possibly interacted with the hatching enzymes of the embryos, preventing hatching, and reducing their survival. The reduced effects in the Mix group are due to the agglomeration of both toxicants, making the NPs less available for the embryos. PE MPs got attached to the gelatinous capsule of the chorion (confirmed by fluorescence microscopy), which protected the embryos from eventual direct effects of the microplastics on the hatching and survival rates. Although there were no cardiotoxic effects nor morphometric alterations, there was a significant increase in abdominal edemas in the hatched embryos of the PE MPs group, which indicates that osmoregulation might have been affected by the attachment of the microplastics on the embryos' gelatinous capsule. This study presents the first evidence of developmental toxicity of environmental mixtures of microplastics and nanoparticles on amphibians and reinforces the need for more studies with other amphibian species, especially neotropical specimens that could present bigger sensibility. Our study also highlighted several features of the FETAX protocol as useful tools to evaluate the embryotoxicity of several pollutants on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Post-graduation Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fagner Neves Oliveira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Laboratory for Research in Morphology and Ontogeny, Institute for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Jacintho
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cirqueira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Tsukada
- Post-graduation Program of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira
- Laboratory for Research in Morphology and Ontogeny, Institute for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Mustafa S, Anwar H, Ain QU, Ahmed H, Iqbal S, Ijaz MU. Therapeutic effect of gossypetin against paraquat-induced testicular damage in male rats: a histological and biochemical study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62237-62248. [PMID: 36940025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an organic compound, which is commonly used as a herbicide in the agriculture sector, and it is also known to stimulate critical damages in the male reproductive system. Gossypetin (GPTN) is one of important members of the flavonoid family, which is an essential compound in flowers and calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa with potential pharmacological properties. The current investigation was aimed to examine the ameliorative potential of GPTN against PQ-instigated testicular damages. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were distributed into four groups: control, PQ (5 mg/kg), PQ + GPTN (5 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg respectively), and GPTN (30 mg/kg). After 56 days of treatment, biochemical, spermatogenic indices, hormonal, steroidogenic, pro-or-anti-apoptotic, and histopathological parameters were estimated. PQ exposure disturbed the biochemical profile by reducing the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GSR), while it increased the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, PQ exposure decreased the sperm motility, viability, number of hypo-osmotic tail swelled spermatozoa, and epididymal sperm count; additionally, it increased sperm morphological (head mid-piece and tail) abnormalities. Moreover, PQ lessened the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and plasma testosterone levels. Besides, PQ-intoxication downregulated the gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD) and anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2), whereas upregulated the gene expression of apoptotic markers (Bax and Caspase-3). PQ exposure led to histopathological damages in testicular tissues as well. Nonetheless, GPTN inverted all the illustrated impairments in testes. Taken together, GPTN could potently ameliorate PQ-induced reproductive dysfunctions due to its antioxidant, androgenic, and anti-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Mustafa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shabnoor Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Pang YW, Jiang XL, Wang YC, Wang YY, Hao HS, Zhao SJ, Du WH, Zhao XM, Wang L, Zhu HB. Melatonin protects against paraquat-induced damage during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12532. [PMID: 30320949 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a broad-spectrum agricultural pesticide, causes cellular toxicity by increasing oxidative stress levels in various biological systems, including the reproductive system. PQ exposure causes embryotoxicity and reduces the developmental abilities of embryos. However, there is little information regarding the toxic effects of PQ on oocyte maturation. In this study, we studied the toxic effects of PQ exposure and the effects of melatonin on PQ-induced damage in bovine oocytes. PQ exposure disrupted nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, which was manifested as decreased cumulus cell expansion, reduced first polar body extrusion, and abnormal distribution patterns of cortical granules and mitochondria. In addition, PQ treatment severely disrupted the ability of the resulted in vitro-produced embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, PQ exposure significantly increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and early apoptotic rate, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) level, antioxidative CAT and GPx4 mRNA, and apoptotic-related Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio. These results indicated that PQ causes reproductive toxicity in bovine oocytes. Melatonin application resulted in significant protection against the toxic effects of PQ in PQ-exposed oocytes. The mechanisms underlying the role of melatonin included the inhibition of PQ-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and restoration of abnormal trimethyl-histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and trimethyl-histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) levels. These results reveal that melatonin serves as a powerful agent against experimental PQ-induced toxicity during bovine oocyte maturation and could form a basis for further studies to develop therapeutic strategies against PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Pang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Jiang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Jiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Bin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Response to: Neurotoxicity of paraquat and paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1030-4. [PMID: 27562309 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Pang YW, Sun YQ, Sun WJ, Du WH, Hao HS, Zhao SJ, Zhu HB. Melatonin inhibits paraquat-induced cell death in bovine preimplantation embryos. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:155-66. [PMID: 26607207 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation embryos are sensitive to oxidative stress-induced damage that can be caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating from normal embryonic metabolism and/or the external surroundings. Paraquat (PQ), a commonly used pesticide and potent ROS generator, can induce embryotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on PQ-induced damage during embryonic development in bovine preimplantation embryos. PQ treatment significantly reduced the ability of bovine embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage, and the addition of melatonin markedly reversed the developmental failure caused by PQ (20.9% versus 14.3%). Apoptotic assay showed that melatonin pretreatment did not change the total cell number in blastocysts, but the incidence of apoptotic nuclei and the release of cytochrome c were significantly decreased. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we found that melatonin pre-incubation significantly altered the expression levels of genes associated with redox signaling, particularly by attenuating the transcript level of Txnip and reinforcing the expression of Trx. Furthermore, melatonin pretreatment significantly reduced the expression of the pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and Bax, while the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and XIAP was unaffected. Western blot analysis showed that melatonin protected bovine embryos from PQ-induced damage in a p38-dependent manner, but extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) did not appear to be involved. Together, these results identify an underlying mechanism by which melatonin enhances the developmental potential of bovine preimplantation embryos under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Pang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Sun
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Sun
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Jiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Bin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jang YJ, Won JH, Back MJ, Fu Z, Jang JM, Ha HC, Hong S, Chang M, Kim DK. Paraquat Induces Apoptosis through a Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:407-13. [PMID: 26336579 PMCID: PMC4556199 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat dichloride (N,N-dimethyl-4-4′-bipiridinium, PQ) is an extremely toxic chemical that is widely used in herbicides. PQ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes multiple organ failure. In particular, PQ has been reported to be an immunotoxic agrochemical compound. PQ was shown to decrease the number of macrophages in rats and suppress monocyte phagocytic activity in mice. However, the effect of PQ on macrophage cell viability remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of PQ on the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 and its possible mechanism of action. RAW264.7 cells were treated with PQ (0, 75, and 150 μM), and cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular ROS levels were determined. Morphological changes to the cell nucleus and cellular apoptosis were also evaluated by DAPI and Annexin V staining, respectively. In this study, PQ induced apoptotic cell death by dose-dependently decreasing MMP. Additionally, PQ increased the cleaved form of caspase-3, an apoptotic marker. In conclusion, PQ induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Thus, our study improves our knowledge of PQ-induced toxicity, and may give us a greater understanding of how PQ affects the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jin Jang
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Won
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Back
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhicheng Fu
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Jang
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chan Ha
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungBeom Hong
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyong Kim
- Department of Health, Social, and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Oliveira NP, Moi GP, Atanaka-Santos M, Silva AMC, Pignati WA. Malformações congênitas em municípios de grande utilização de agrotóxicos em Mato Grosso, Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2014; 19:4123-30. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320141910.08512014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mato Grosso é o maior produtor agrícola e também o maior consumidor nacional de agrotóxicos. A exposição materna aos agrotóxicos no período periconcepcional tem sido associada com aumento no risco de malformações congênitas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre o uso de agrotóxicos e as malformações congênitas em municípios com maior exposição aos agrotóxicos em Mato Grosso. Estudo de caso-controle realizado com 219 nascidos vivos com malformação congênita e 862 nascidos vivos sadios. Estimou-se a média de utilização dos agrotóxicos nos trimestres anterior e posterior à data da fecundação e durante todo o período periconcepecional segundo município e mês e ano de sua utilização. Posteriormente, estas medidas foram quartilizadas e transformadas em variáveis do tipo indicadoras (dummy ), atribuindo-se um nível de exposição para cada intervalo interquartil. Foi realizada análise bivariada e regressão logística. Foram observadas associações significantes (p < 0,05) no terceiro (OR=1,66, IC95% 0,98 - 2,79) e quarto quartil (OR=1,88, IC95% 1,09 - 3,24) do período pós-fecundação e no quarto quartil (OR=2,04, IC95%1,17-3,56) durante todo o período periconcepecional. A exposição materna aos agrotóxicos foi associada à maior ocorrência de malformações congênitas.
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He Y, Patterson S, Wang N, Hecker M, Martin JW, El-Din MG, Giesy JP, Wiseman SB. Toxicity of untreated and ozone-treated oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) to early life stages of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:6359-6368. [PMID: 23022117 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to a policy of no release, oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), produced by the surface-mining oil sands industry in North Eastern Alberta, Canada, is stored on-site in tailings ponds. Currently, ozonation is considered one possible method for remediation of OSPW by reducing the concentrations of dissolved organic compounds, including naphthenic acids (NAs), which are considered the primary toxic constituents. However, further work was needed to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonation in reducing the toxicity of OSPW and to ensure that ozonation does not increase the toxicity of OSPW. This study examined effects of untreated, ozone-treated, and activated charcoal-treated OSPW (OSPW, O3-OSPW, and AC-OSPW) on the early life stage (ELS) of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Success of hatching of eggs, spontaneous movement, and incidences of hemorrhage, pericardial edema, and malformation of the spine of embryos were examined. To elucidate the mechanism of toxicity, concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, and the abundances of transcripts of genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics, response to oxidative stress, and apoptosis were quantified by real-time PCR. Compared to the control group, which had an embryo survival rate of 97.9 ± 2.08%, survival was significantly less when exposed to OSPW (43.8 ± 7.12%). Eggs exposed to untreated OSPW exhibited a significantly greater rate of premature hatching, and embryos exhibited greater spontaneous movement. Incidences of hemorrhage (50.0 ± 3.40%), pericardial edema (56.3 ± 7.12%), and malformation of the spine (37.5 ± 5.38%) were significantly greater in embryos exposed to OSPW compared to controls. These effects are typical of exposure to dioxin-like compounds, however, abundance of transcripts of cyp1a was not significantly greater in embryos exposed to OSPW. Significantly greater concentrations of ROS, and greater abundances of transcripts cyp3a, gst, sod, casp9, and apopen compared to controls, indicated that exposure to OSPW caused oxidative stress, which can result in damage to mitochondria and promote activation of caspase enzymes and apoptotic cell death. Removal of dissolved organic constituents by ozone treatment, or by activated charcoal, significantly attenuated all of the adverse effects associated with untreated OSPW. The results suggest that the organic fraction of OSPW can negatively impact the development of fathead minnow embryos through oxidative stress and apoptosis, and that ozonation attenuates this developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe He
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Consumption of hydrogen water reduces paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:305086. [PMID: 21318114 PMCID: PMC3035012 DOI: 10.1155/2011/305086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to paraquat leads to acute lung injury and oxidative stress is widely accepted as a contributor to paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Recent studies have reported that consumption of water with dissolved molecular hydrogen to a saturated level (hydrogen water) prevents oxidative stress-induced diseases. Here, we investigated whether consumption of saturated hydrogen saline protects rats against paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group; hydrogen water-only group (HW group); paraquat-only group (PQ group); paraquat and hydrogen water group (PQ + HW group). The rats in control group and HW group drank pure water or hydrogen water; the rats in PQ group and PQ + HW group were intraperitonealy injected with paraquat (35 mg/kg) and then provided pure water or hydrogen water. Both biochemical and histological lung alterations were measured. The results showed that hydrogen water ameliorated these alterations, demonstrating that hydrogen water alleviated paraquat-induced acute lung injury possibly by inhibition of oxidative damage.
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Isaksson C. Pollution and its impact on wild animals: a meta-analysis on oxidative stress. ECOHEALTH 2010; 7:342-350. [PMID: 20865439 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-010-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the unifying feature underlying the toxicity of anthropogenic pollution (e.g., heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrogen-oxides) and the ultimate culprit in the development of many diseases. Yet, there has been no attempt to summarize the published data on wild terrestrial animals to reveal general trends regarding the effects of pollution on oxidative stress. The main findings of this meta-analysis reveal that, as predicted, there is an overall increase in oxidative stress when exposed to pollution. This is mainly due to a weak overall increase of oxidative damages, although there is some variation across taxa. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzymes are the most reliable biomarkers. This result is important when choosing biomarkers and when using less-invasive sampling of endangered species, or for longitudinal approaches. To be able to predict future population outcomes, possible treatments, but also evolutionary responses to a changing environment, a greater integration of biotic factors such as temperature, bioavailability of toxic elements, and species-specific responses are needed.
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