Liu CP, Yeh JL, Wu BN, Chai CY, Chen IJ, Lai WT. KMUP-3 attenuates ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction through eNOS enhancement and restoration of MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance.
Br J Pharmacol 2011;
162:126-35. [PMID:
20840538 DOI:
10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01024.x]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Previously, 7-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1, 3-dimethylxanthine (KMUP-3) has been shown to induce aortic smooth muscle relaxation through K(ATP) channel opening and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enhancement. We further investigated whether KMUP-3 protects against myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI), and whether KMUP-3 increases the expression of eNOS in MI rats.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: MI (n= 10), MI + KMUP-3 group (n= 10) and sham group (n= 10). MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After recovery, the MI + KMUP-3 group received KMUP-3 (0.3 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ) infusion for 4 weeks, while the MI and sham group received vehicle only. To further confirm that the effect of KMUP-3 is dependent on eNOS, KMUP-3 was applied in the culture of transforming growth factor-β-stimulated human cardiac fibroblasts.
KEY RESULTS
KMUP-3 treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy post-MI and improved cardiac function. The fibrotic area was reduced by KMUP-3 both in central-, peri- and non-infarction areas. KMUP-3 enhanced the expression of eNOS and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), but reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. In vitro, the activities of KMUP-3 were blocked by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor N(ω) -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The K(ATP) channel opener KMUP-3 preserved cardiac function after MI by enhancing the expression of eNOS. In addition, KMUP-3 restored the myocardial MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance and attenuated ventricular remodelling by an eNOS-dependent mechanism.
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