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Kalita SJ, Pawar SD, Vernekar P, Pawar MA, Veena KS, Mishra KMA, Sethi KK, Radhakrishnanand P, Murty US, Sahu PL, Dubey S, Sahu K, Upadhyay A, Kori RK, Kumar P. Synthesis and characterization of octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate reference materials for doping control. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 98:2318-2329. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDDoping is the use of prohibited substances by athletes to improve their performance. World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)‐accredited laboratories require various metabolite reference standards of the prohibited chemical substances or drugs for routine quality control. Therefore, it was proposed to develop efficient synthetic methodologies for highly pure reference materials of Phase II metabolites of octopamine, norfenefrine and etilefrine, which are prohibited in sports by WADA under the S6 stimulant category. The reference materials were characterized using various analytical techniques. New high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD) methods were developed for purity assessment.RESULTSThe synthesized Phase II metabolite reference standards, i.e. octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate, were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. In the LC‐HRMS study, the mass error value of synthesized compounds was less than 10 ppm (error) which confirms the identity of the reference materials. New HPLC‐DAD method were developed to ensure the purity of the reference materials. We used the HILIC column as metabolite reference standards are highly polar. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile in fixed composition. The HPLC‐DAD purity of the developed reference materials was observed as 100%.CONCLUSIONWe have developed reproducible synthetic routes for octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate, which are prohibited in sports by WADA. The synthesized metabolites were characterized using different advanced analytical techniques. These reference standards will be helpful to all WADA‐accredited laboratories in routine anti‐doping testing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Sachin Dattram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Prachi Vernekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Mayur Arun Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - KS Veena
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - KM Abha Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - P. Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
| | - Puran lal Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Sachin Dubey
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Kapendra Sahu
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Awanish Upadhyay
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kori
- National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) JLN Stadium Complex New Delhi India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati India
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Lefeuvre S, Bois-Maublanc J, Mongeois E, Policarpo V, Formaux L, Francia T, Billaud EM, Got L. Quantitation using HRMS: A new tool for rapid, specific and sensitive determination of catecholamines and deconjugated methanephrines metanephrines in urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1166:122391. [PMID: 33246878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Urinary catecholamines and their methylated metabolites are biochemical indicators of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma. A rapid and precise analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography separation coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed and validated to measure urinary catecholamines (epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NorE), dopamine (D)) and total methylated metabolites (normetanephrine (NorMN), metanephrine(MN) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT)) in a clinical setting. Results of 51 urine specimens measured using this LC-HRMS method were compared with a liquid chromatography assay with electrochemical detection (LC-EC). Urine samples (200 μL) were spiked with an internal standard solution followed by SPE purification. In the case of total methylated metabolites, urine was hydrolyzed before SPE purification. Separation was achieved on an Acclaim Mixed Mode WCX column, with an 8.5 min runtime. All compounds were detected in electrospray positive ionization mode with a parallel reaction monitoring acquisition and quantified with a linear regression (r2 > 0.998) between 2 and 200 µg/L (10.9-1090; 11.8-1182 nmol/L) for E and NorE respectively and between 10 and 1000 µg/L for others (65.2-6520; 50.7-5070; 54.5-5450 ; 59.8-5980 nmol/L for D, M, NorMN and 3-MT, respectively). Overall imprecision and bias did not exceed 15%. No significant matrix effect was observed. Correlation between the two assays was good except for epinephrine. Epinephrine concentrations measured by LC-EC method were slightly higher than values obtained with LC-HRMS method but without impact on clinical decision. This LC-HRMS assay provides a new tool for simultaneous quantitative catecholamine determination and was successfully applied in routine for the screening or follow up of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma and neuroblastoma. LC-HRMS method offers significant advantages compared to LC-EC with good sensitivity, an unambiguous analyte determination and high sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lefeuvre
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France.
| | | | - E Mongeois
- Diabetology - Endocrinology - Nutrition Department, CHR Orléans, France
| | - V Policarpo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - L Formaux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - T Francia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
| | - E M Billaud
- Pharmacology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - L Got
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHR Orléans, France
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Xiong X, Zhang Y. Simple, rapid, and cost-effective microextraction by the packed sorbent method for quantifying of urinary free catecholamines and metanephrines using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in clinical analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2763-2775. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eisenhofer G, Peitzsch M, Kaden D, Langton K, Mangelis A, Pamporaki C, Masjkur J, Geroula A, Kurlbaum M, Deutschbein T, Beuschlein F, Prejbisz A, Bornstein SR, Lenders JWM. Reference intervals for LC-MS/MS measurements of plasma free, urinary free and urinary acid-hydrolyzed deconjugated normetanephrine, metanephrine and methoxytyramine. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 490:46-54. [PMID: 30571948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma or urinary metanephrines are recommended for screening of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Measurements of urinary free rather than deconjugated metanephrines and additional measurements of methoxytyramine represent other developments. For all measurements there is need for reference intervals. METHODS Plasma free, urinary free and urinary deconjugated O-methylated catecholamine metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS in specimens from 590 hypertensives and normotensives. Reference intervals were optimized using data from 2,056 patients tested for PPGLs. RESULTS Multivariate analyses, correcting for age and body surface area, indicated higher plasma and urinary metanephrine in males than females and sex differences in urinary normetanephrine and free methoxytyramine that largely reflected body size variation. There were positive associations of age with plasma metabolites, but negative relationships with urinary free metanephrine and methoxytyramine. Plasma and urinary normetanephrine were higher in hypertensives than normotensives, but differences were small. Optimization of reference intervals using the data from patients tested for PPGLs indicated that age was the most important consideration for plasma normetanephrine and sex most practical for urinary metabolites. CONCLUSION This study clarifies impacts of demographic and anthropometric variables on catecholamine metabolites, verifies use of age-specific reference intervals for plasma normetanephrine and establishes sex-specific reference intervals for urinary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kaden
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Langton
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasios Mangelis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jimmy Masjkur
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Geroula
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Kurlbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Shin HJ, Park NH, Lee W, Choi MH, Chung BC, Hong J. Metabolic profiling of tyrosine, tryptophan, and glutamate in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with single SPE cleanup. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1051:97-107. [PMID: 28340481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine, tryptophan, and glutamate metabolic pathways play key roles on pathological state of neuronal functions and the change of their levels in biological systems reflects the progress degree of neuronal diseases. Comprehensive profiling of these metabolites is important to find new biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of various neuronal diseases. However, the overall profiling analysis of various neurochemicals in biological sample is confronted with several limitations due to their low concentration and physicochemical properties and the coexistence of matrices. We developed an efficient and feasible method using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Wide-bore mixed cation exchange (MCX) SPE process enables a rapid and effective cleanup of 20 neurochemicals even including acidic and basic neurochemicals in a single SPE cartridge by using different composition of eluents. Selective derivatization of various types of metabolites was applied to achieve highly chromatographic separation and sensitive mass detection. Appropriate selection of precursor and product transition ions used in multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode based on the MS/MS fragmentations of the derivatized neurochemicals could be significantly minimized the matrix effects and enhanced the reliability of quantification results. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection, precision, accuracy, and matrix effects. The intra- and inter-assay analytical variations were less than 10%. The overall linearity for all of the targets was excellent (R2≥0.996). The detection limits ranged between 0.38 and 8.13ng/mL for the acidic neurochemicals and between 0.02 and 11.1ng/mL for the basic neurochemicals. The developed protocol will be expected to be a promising tool for the understanding of the pathological state and diagnosis of various neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Na Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Wonwoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are potentially lethal yet usually surgically curable causes of endocrine hypertension; therefore, once clinical suspicion is aroused it is imperative that clinicians choose the most appropriate laboratory tests to identify the tumors. CONTENT Compelling evidence now indicates that initial screening for PPGLs should include measurements of plasma free metanephrines or urine fractionated metanephrines. LC-MS/MS offers numerous advantages over other analytical methods and is the method of choice when measurements include methoxytyramine, the O-methylated metabolite of dopamine. The plasma test offers advantages over the urine test, although it is rarely implemented correctly, rendering the urine test preferable for mainstream use. To ensure optimum diagnostic sensitivity for the plasma test, reference intervals must be established for blood samples collected after 30 min of supine rest and after an overnight fast when measurements include methoxytyramine. Similarly collected blood samples during screening, together with use of age-adjusted reference intervals, further minimize false-positive results. Extents and patterns of increases in plasma normetanephrine, metanephrine, and methoxytyramine can additionally help predict size and adrenal vs extraadrenal locations of tumors, as well as presence of metastases and underlying germline mutations of tumor susceptibility genes. SUMMARY Carried out correctly at specialist endocrine centers, collection of blood for measurements of plasma normetanephrine, metanephrine, and methoxytyramine not only provides high accuracy for diagnosis of PPGLs, but can also guide clinical decision-making about follow-up imaging strategies, genetic testing, and therapeutic options. At other centers, measurements of urine fractionated metanephrines will identify most PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and
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Enzyme and acid deconjugation of plasma sulfated metanephrines. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 430:125-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Urinary free metanephrines and suitability of available quality control material. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:83-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Simultaneous liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric determination of urinary free metanephrines and catecholamines, with comparisons of free and deconjugated metabolites. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 418:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Grouzmann E, Gualtierotti JB, Gerber-Lemaire S, Abid K, Brakch N, Pedretti A, Testa B, Vistoli G. Lack of Enantioselectivity in the SULT1A3-catalyzed Sulfoconjugation of Normetanephrine Enantiomers: An In Vitro
and Computational Study. Chirality 2012; 25:28-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grouzmann
- Service de Biomédecine; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | | | - Karim Abid
- Service de Biomédecine; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Noureddine Brakch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Nephrology; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Bernard Testa
- Department of Pharmacy; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
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