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Doğan D, Özcan EG, Çakır DÜ, Sılan F. Genetic influence on urinary vitamin D binding protein excretion and serum levels: a focus on rs4588 C>A polymorphism in the GC gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1281112. [PMID: 38144557 PMCID: PMC10740204 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) plays a crucial role in vitamin D transport and metabolism. The rs4588-A polymorphism of the GC gene, encoding VDBP, has been associated with altered serum VDBP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary VDBP excretion and serum VDBP and 25OHD levels in individuals with and without the rs4588-A allele. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 children (mean age: 11.96 years) to explore the impact of rs4588-A on vitamin D metabolism and urinary VDBP excretion. Biochemical analyses determined serum 25OHD and VDBP levels, and urinary VDBP-to-creatinine ratio (u-VDBP/Cr). Genotyping for rs4588 SNP was performed using LightSNiP assay. Statistical analyses included correlation, linear regression, and comparison between allele groups. Results Participants carrying the rs4588-A allele exhibited lower serum 25OHD levels compared to non-carriers (median (IQR): 11.85 (3.5) vs. 12.86 (4.9), p = 0.023). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in serum VDBP levels (126.34 ± 59.3 in rs4588-A vs. 136.49 ± 51.3 in non-rs4588-A, p = 0.141) or in u-VDBP/Cr (median (IQR): 0.4 (0.35) in rs4588-A vs. 0.386 (0.43) in non-rs4588-A, p = 0.189) between the two allele groups. A significant inverse correlation between u-VDBP/Cr and serum VDBP levels was found only in rs4588-A carriers (r = -0.367, p = 0.024). No such correlation was observed in non-carriers or the entire cohort. A linear regression analysis confirmed the impact of u-VDBP/Cr on serum VDBP levels in rs4588-A carriers (B = -0.269, t = -2.185, p = 0.035). Conclusion Individuals with the rs4588-A allele in the GC gene had lower serum 25OHD levels. An inverse correlation between urinary VDBP excretion and serum VDBP levels was observed, suggesting a partial role of the renal pathway in altered serum VDBP and 25OHD levels linked to the rs4588-A allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durmus Doğan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Eda Gül Özcan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Ülker Çakır
- Department of Biochemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Sılan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
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Yang M, He Y, Xin Y, Jiang J, Tian M, Tan J, Deng S, Gong Y. Identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to Sepsis-associated encephalopathy in rats by quantitative proteomics. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:4. [PMID: 36600206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common and severe complication of sepsis. While several studies have reported the proteomic alteration in plasma, urine, heart, etc. of sepsis, few research focused on the brain tissue. This study aims at discovering the differentially abundant proteins in the brains of septic rats to identify biomarkers of SAE. METHODS The Prague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sepsis (n = 6) or sham (n = 6) groups, and then the whole brain tissue was dissected at 24 h after surgery for further protein identification by Quantitative iTRAQ LC-MS/MS Proteomics. Ingenuity pathway analysis, Gene ontology knowledgebase, and STRING database are used to explore the biological significance of proteins with altered concentration. RESULTS Among the total of 3163 proteins identified in the brain tissue, 57 were increased while 38 were decreased in the sepsis group compared to the sham group. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that the differentially abundant proteins are highly related to cellular microtubule metabolism, energy production, nucleic acid metabolism, neurological disease, etc. Additionally, acute phase response signaling was possibly activated and PI3K/AKT signaling was suppressed during sepsis. An interaction network established by IPA revealed that Akt1, Gc-globulin, and ApoA1 were the core proteins. The increase of Gc-globulin and the decrease of Akt1 and ApoA1 were confirmed by Western blot. CONCLUSION Based on the multifunction of these proteins in several brain diseases, we first propose that Gc-globulin, ApoA1, PI3K/AKT pathway, and acute phase response proteins (hemopexin and cluster of alpha-2-macroglobulin) could be potential candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of SAE. These results may provide new insights into the pathologic mechanism of SAE, yet further research is required to explore the functional implications and clinical applications of the differentially abundant proteins in the brains of sepsis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxian Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Junliang Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040, Shanghai, China.
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Gratton MP, Londono I, Rompré P, Villemure I, Moldovan F, Nishio C. Effect of vitamin D on bone morphometry and stability of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e319-e327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Xiao K, Zhang DC, Hu Y, Song LC, Xu JQ, He WX, Pan P, Wang YW, Xie LX. Potential roles of vitamin D binding protein in attenuating liver injury in sepsis. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35057868 PMCID: PMC8772176 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sepsis, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has been shown to be low-expressed. The current study examined the relationship between serum VDBP level and liver injury in sepsis patients, as well as in a mouse model for sepsis and in cultured liver epithelial cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS The human study included 78 sepsis patients and 50 healthy volunteers. Sepsis patients were categorized into sepsis survivor group (n = 43) and sepsis non-survivor group (n = 35) based on 28-day mortality for data analysis. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Serum samples were collected on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 to determine the levels of VDBP, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Potential protective effects of VDBP overexpression against LPS-induced liver damage were examined in cultured THLE2 cells. RESULTS Serum levels of VDBP, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in sepsis patients vs. the healthy control (P < 0.001), as well as in the sepsis non-survivor group vs. the sepsis survivor group (P < 0.001, P = 0.0338, or P = 0.0013, respectively). Lower serum VDBP level was associated with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (r = - 0.2565, P = 0.0234) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r = - 0.3522, P = 0.0016), but lower serum albumin (ALB, r = 0.4628, P < 0.001) and total protein (TP, r = 0.263, P = 0.02). In CLP mice, there was a 5-day period of serum VDBP reduction, followed by return towards the baseline on day 7. VDBP was also decreased in LPS-treated THLE2 cells (P < 0.001). VDBP overexpression reduced LPS-induced THLE2 damage. Reduced damage was associated with decreased oxidative stress and inactivation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. CONCLUSION VDBP may be protective against sepsis-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiao
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Du-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Cheng Song
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Xu
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wan-Xue He
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Comprehensive Surgery, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li-Xin Xie
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Tashkandi N, Zhao Y, Mitchell-Lee G, Stephens D, Patel M, Motro M, Will LA, Kantarci A. Longitudinal assessment of salivary vitamin D binding protein during orthodontic tooth movement. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:332. [PMID: 34225707 PMCID: PMC8256539 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is critical for bone physiology. In this study, we quantified Vitamin D Binding Protein (VitDBP) levels in saliva as a measure of Vitamin D during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods In this longitudinal study, saliva samples were collected from 73 orthodontic patients for 4 timepoints for the first six months of orthodontic treatment, along with dental casts at the beginning and the end of the study period. The saliva was measured for VitDBP as a biological marker for bone apposition and clinical tooth movement. We used the absolute change in Little's Irregularity Index as a quantitative measure for alignment. In addition, we measured the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in saliva as a marker of bone turnover. Results Both low (< 2.75 ng/ml) and high (> 6.48 ng/ml) VitDBP levels were associated with reduced tooth movement. Significant (p < 0.05) seasonal changes in VitDBP using a two-season year model were found with lower levels observed in the summer (Apr–Sept) than in the winter (Oct–Mar). Conclusions Clinically significant orthodontic tooth movement is associated with an optimal range of VitDBP in saliva. Normal levels of VitDBP correlated with more orthodontic tooth movement, suggesting a "normal" range of salivary content of VitDBP. Given the strong trend that is independent of the confounding factors (ex. age, race or gender), the predictive value or salivary VitDBP for tooth movement should be studied in larger cohorts in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Tashkandi
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gabrielle Mitchell-Lee
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michele Patel
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Melih Motro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie A Will
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ko DH, Jun SH, Nam Y, Song SH, Han M, Yun YM, Lee K, Song J. Multiplex LC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3, albumin, and vitamin D-binding protein with its isoforms: One-step estimation of bioavailable vitamin D and vitamin D metabolite ratio. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 206:105796. [PMID: 33259939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioavailable vitamin D and vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) have emerged as potential novel vitamin D markers. We developed a multiplex liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine all elements necessary for the calculation of bioavailable vitamin D and VMR, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3], VDBP and its isoforms, and albumin. Following separate reactions of hexane extraction and trypsin digestion, serum samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS to measure 25-(OH)D3, 25-(OH)D2, 24,25-(OH)2D3, VDBP and its isoforms, and albumin. Analytical performances were assessed. Korean (n = 229), Arab (n = 98), White (n = 99) and Black American (n = 99) samples were analyzed. Bioavailable vitamin D and VMR were calculated. All target molecules were clearly separated and accurately quantified by LC-MS/MS. Analytical performances, including imprecision, accuracy, ion suppression, limit of quantification, linearity, and comparison with existing methods were within acceptable levels. The allele frequencies of VDBP isoforms in various races resulted similar to previously known values. The levels of bioavailable vitamin D were highest in White Americans and lowest in Black Americans. We have successfully developed a multiplex LC-MS/MS-based assay method that can simultaneously perform the measurement of all parameters needed to calculate bioavailable vitamin D and VMR. Our devised method was robust and reliable in terms of analytical performances and could be applied to routine clinical samples in the future to more accurately assess vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang H Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minje Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Palmer D, Soule S, Gaddam RR, Elder P, Chambers S, Doogue M. Unbound Vitamin D Concentrations Are Not Decreased in Critically Ill Patients. Intern Med J 2020; 52:89-94. [PMID: 33040415 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free concentrations of highly protein bound hormones, such as cortisol and thyroxine, are unchanged in critical illness despite substantial decreases in total concentration. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is decreased in critical illness, but the free concentration of 25(OH)D has had less attention. The aim of this study was to compare total and calculated free 25(OH)D concentrations in critically ill patients with healthy controls. DESIGN Case control study. METHODS 38 patients with critical illness were compared with 68 healthy controls. 25(OH)D was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) by direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total and calculated free 25(OH)D concentrations were compared using unpaired T-tests. RESULTS Total 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in critically ill patients than controls (37 (95% CI 31 - 43) vs 57 (53 - 60) nmol/L). Calculated free concentrations of 25(OH)D were not lower in critically ill patients than healthy controls (26 (22 - 29) vs 19 (18 - 20) pmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Calculated free 25(OH)D concentrations are not decreased in critical illness. Measuring total 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with critical illness potentially underestimates vitamin D and overestimates the number of patients who are deficient in vitamin D. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Palmer
- Department of General Medicine, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steven Soule
- Department of General Medicine, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Endocrinology Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter Elder
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Canterbury Health Laboratories Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Chambers
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Doogue
- Department of General Medicine, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Fernando M, Ellery SJ, Marquina C, Lim S, Naderpoor N, Mousa A. Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Pregnancy and Reproductive Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051489. [PMID: 32443760 PMCID: PMC7285222 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), the main carrier of vitamin D, has recently been implicated in reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes including endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Improved methods for measuring VDBP and an increased understanding of its role in biological processes have led to a number of newly published studies exploring VDBP in the context of pregnancy. Here, we synthesize the available evidence regarding the role of VDBP in reproductive health and pregnancy, and we highlight areas requiring further study. Overall, low levels of maternal serum VDBP concentrations have been associated with infertility, endometriosis, PCOS and spontaneous miscarriage, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes including GDM, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. However, increased VDBP concentration in cervicovaginal fluid has been linked to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss and premature rupture of membranes. Some genetic variants of VDBP have also been associated with these adverse outcomes. Further studies using more accurate VDBP assays and accounting for ethnic variation and potential confounders are needed to clarify whether VDBP is associated with reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes, and the mechanisms underlying these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Fernando
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Stacey J. Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia;
| | - Clara Marquina
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Siew Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI) and Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics (CCRET), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168 VIC, Australia; (M.F.); (C.M.); (S.L.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3857-22854
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Effect of genetic factors on the response to vitamin D 3 supplementation in the VIDARIS randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2020; 75-76:110761. [PMID: 32289634 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Supplementation provides the best means of improving vitamin D status; however, individual responses vary partly owing to genetics. The aim of this study was to determine whether 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six key vitamin D pathway genes (GC, DHCR7, CYP2 R1, CYP24 A1, CYP27 B1, VDR) were associated with differences in response to supplementation. METHODS Participants (N = 313; n = 160 vitamin D, n = 153 placebo) were part of VIDARIS (Vitamin D and Acute Respiratory Infections Study), a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving oral monthly supplementation of either vitamin D3 (200 000 IU each for the first 2 mo, thereafter 100 000 IU monthly) or placebo for 18 mo. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 18 mo, and vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin) and calculated free 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline and 2 mo were obtained. Multiple regression was used to model associations between genetic variants and 25(OH)D, Gc-globulin, and free 25(OH)D concentrations. RESULTS SNPs within GC, CYP2 R1, and CYP27 B1 were associated with 25(OH)D concentrations following supplementation. However, only two GC gene SNPs (rs2282679, rs1155563) were significant after adjustment for multiple testing. This effect disappeared after more than 2 mo of supplementation. None of the SNPs were significantly associated with Gc-globulin concentrations; however, there was a significant interaction with one SNP in DHCR7 (rs12785878), which was associated with reduced free 25(OH)D concentrations in the supplemented arm. CONCLUSION Only variants of GC were associated with 25(OH)D concentrations after supplementation. This effect was modest and disappeared after >2 mo of supplementation, suggesting it may be time/dose-dependent and saturable.
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Bouillon R, Schuit F, Antonio L, Rastinejad F. Vitamin D Binding Protein: A Historic Overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:910. [PMID: 31998239 PMCID: PMC6965021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and all its metabolites are bound to a specific vitamin D binding protein, DBP. This protein was originally first discovered by its worldwide polymorphism and called Group-specific Component (GC). We now know that DBP and GC are the same protein and appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates. DBP is genetically the oldest member of the albuminoid family (including albumin, α-fetoprotein and afamin, all involved in transport of fatty acids or hormones). DBP has a single binding site for all vitamin D metabolites and has a high affinity for 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D, thereby creating a large pool of circulating 25OHD, which prevents rapid vitamin D deficiency. DBP of higher vertebrates (not amphibians or reptiles) binds with very high affinity actin, thereby preventing the formation of polymeric actin fibrils in the circulation after tissue damage. Megalin is a cargo receptor and is together with cubilin needed to reabsorb DBP or the DBP-25OHD complex, thereby preventing the urinary loss of these proteins and 25OHD. The total concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in DBP null mice or humans are extremely low but calcium and bone homeostasis remain normal. This is the strongest argument for claiming that the "free hormone hypothesis" also applies to the vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2D. DBP also transports fatty acids, and can play a role in the immune system. DBP is genetically very polymorphic with three frequent alleles (DBP/GC 1f, 1s, and 2) but in total more than 120 different variants but its health consequences, if any, are not understood. A standardization of DBP assays is essential to further explore the role of DBP in physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Roger Bouillon
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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