Competing endogenous RNA regulation in hematologic malignancies

Long non-coding RNAs as emerging regulators of miRNAs and epigenetics in diabetes-related chronic kidney disease

Diabetes is one of the major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including "diabetic nephropathy," and is an increasingly prevalent accelerator of the progression of non-diabetic forms of CKD. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come into the limelight in the past few years as one of the emerging weapons against CKD in diabetes. Available data over the past few years demonstrate the interaction of lncRNAs with miRNAs and epigenetic machinery. Interestingly, the evolving data suggest that lncRNAs play a vital role in diabetes-associated CKD by regulation of epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases. LncRNAs are also engaged in the regulation of several miRNAs in diabetic nephropathy. Hence this review will elaborate on the association between lncRNAs and their interaction with epigenetic regulators involved in different aspects and thus the progression of CKD in diabetes.

Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation for Exploring Key Molecular Markers for Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignancy with a very low survival rate. Exploring key molecular markers for GBM can help with early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and recurrence monitoring. This study aims to explore novel biomarkers for GBM via bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Dataset GSE103229 was obtained from the GEO database to search differentially expressed lncRNA (DELs), mRNAs (DEMs), and miRNAs (DEMis). Hub genes were selected to establish competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. The GEPIA database was employed for the survival analysis and expression detection of hub genes. Hub gene expression in GBM tissue samples and cell lines was validated using RT-qPCR. Western blotting was employed for protein expression evaluation. SYT1 overexpression vector was transfected in GBM cells. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells. There were 901 upregulated and 1086 downregulated DEMs identified, which were prominently enriched in various malignancy-related functions and pathways. Twenty-two hub genes were selected from PPI networks. Survival analysis and experimental validation revealed that four hub genes were tightly associated with GBM prognosis and progression, including SYT1, GRIN2A, KCNA1, and SYNPR. The four genes were significantly downregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. Overexpressing SYT1 alleviated the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of GBM cells in vitro. We identify four genes that may be potential molecular markers of GBM, which may provide new ideas for improving early diagnosis and prediction of the disease.

Identification of AP002498.1 and LINC01871 as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for distant metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND

Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNA (Long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)-mediated ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA) networks are involved in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the roles of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in distant metastasis of CRC are still unclear.

METHODS

In this study, we constructed a specific ceRNA network to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for distant metastasis of CRC. Specifically, RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) related to metastasis. After validation and selection by qRT-PCR and univariate and multivariate analysis of the metastasis- and prognosis-related lncRNAs, the regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and coexpressed mRNAs were used to construct a ceRNA network for distant metastasis of CRC.

RESULTS

Two key distant metastasis-related DElncRNAs, AP002498.1 and LINC01871, were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis in combination with analyses of clinical data and expression levels. Furthermore, lncRNA-associated ceRNA subnetworks were constructed from the predicted miRNAs and 13 coexpressed DEmRNAs (SERPINA1, ITLN1, REG4, L1TD1, IGFALS, MUC5B, CIITA, CXCL9, CXCL10, GBP4, GNLY, IDO1, and NOS2). The AP002498.1- and LINC01871-associated ceRNA subnetworks regulated the expression of the target genes SERPINA1 and MUC5B and GNLY, respectively, through the associated miRNAs.

CONCLUSION

The DElncRNA AP002498.1 and the LINC01871/miR-4644 and miR-185-5p/GNLY axes were identified as being closely associated with distant metastasis and could represent independent prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Sevoflurane suppresses the malignant progression of breast cancer via the hsa_circ_0000129/miR-578/EPSTI1 axis

BACKGROUND

Sevoflurane (Sev) is a commonly used volatile anesthetic that might suppress the process of breast cancer. Also, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to partake in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Accordingly, this research was designed to investigate the mechanism of hsa_circ_0005962 on Sev-mediated breast cancer development.

METHODS

Sev was applied to treat breast cancer cells. Cell proliferation ability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Transwell, and flow cytometry assay. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and Epithelial stromal interaction 1 (EPSTI1) were assessed using western blot assay. circ_0000129, microRNA-578 (miR-578), and EPSTI1 levels were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using bioinformatics software (Circinteractome and Targetscan), the binding between miR-578 and circ_0000129 or EPSTI1 were predicted, and proved using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assay. The biological roles of circ_0000129 and Sevoflurane on tumor growth were analyzed using a xenograft tumor model in vivo.

RESULTS

Sevoflurane blocked tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Circ_0000129 and EPSTI1 expression were increased, and miR-578 was decreased in breast cancer cells. Also, they presented an opposite trend in Sev-treated tumor cells. Circ_0000129 upregulation might abolish Sev-mediated tumor progression in vitro. Mechanically, circ_0000129 can affect EPSTI1 expression by sponging miR-578. Sev might inhibit tumor growth by regulating circ_0000129 in vivo.

CONCLUSION

Circ_0000129 relieved Sev-triggered suppression impacts on breast cancer development partly via the miR-578/EPSTI1 axis, which provides a new mechanism for studying mediated therapy of breast cancer treatment.

Identification of the lncRNA-miRNA‒mRNA regulatory network for middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemic stroke

Stroke known as a neurological disease has significant rates of disability and mortality. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models in rodents is crucial in stroke research to mimic human stroke. Building the mRNA and non-conding RNA network is essential for preventing MCAO-induced ischemic stroke occurrence. Herein, genome-wide mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles among the MCAO group at 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h after surgery and controls using high-throughput RNA sequencing. We detected differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs), miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) between the MCAO and control groups. In addition, biological functional analyses were conducted, including GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI). GO analysis indicated that the DE-mRNAs were mainly enriched in several important biological processes as lipopolysaccharide, inflammatory response, and response to biotic stimulus. The PPI network analysis revealed that the 12 DE-mRNA target proteins showed more than 30° with other proteins, and the top three proteins with the highest node degree were Alb, IL-6, and TNF. In the DE-mRNAs, we found the mRNA of Gp6 and Elane interacting with two miRNAs (novel_miR_879 and novel_miR_528) and two lncRNAs (MSTRG.348134.3 and MSTRG.258402.19). As a result of this study, a new perspective can be gained into the molecular pathophysiology leading to the formation of MCAO. The mRNA-miRNA‒lncRNA regulatory networks play an important role in MCAO-induced ischemic stroke pathogenesis and could be applied to the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke in the future.

Advances in the application of Raman spectroscopy in haematological tumours

Hematologic malignancies are a diverse collection of cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, and organs. They have a very unpredictable prognosis and recur after treatment. Leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma are the most prevalent symptoms. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and supportive care, the incidence rate and mortality of patients with hematological malignancies remain high. Additionally, there are issues with the clinical diagnosis because several hematological malignancies lack defined, systematic diagnostic criteria. This work provided an overview of the fundamentals, benefits, and limitations of Raman spectroscopy and its use in hematological cancers. The alterations of trace substances can be recognized using Raman spectroscopy. High sensitivity, non-destructive, quick, real-time, and other attributes define it. Clinicians must promptly identify disorders and keep track of analytes in biological fluids. For instance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is employed in diagnosing gene mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes due to its high sensitivity and multiple detection benefits. Serum indicators for multiple myeloma have been routinely used for detection. The simultaneous observation of DNA strand modifications and the production of new molecular bonds by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is of tremendous significance for diagnosing lymphoma and multiple myeloma with unidentified diagnostic criteria.

Clinical Value of Serum miRNA in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Objective

To explore the clinical value of specific miRNA in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Methods

129 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia diagnosed in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were selected as the observation group. At the same time, 74 patients with nonacute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent bone marrow aspiration were included as the control group. The expression levels of miR-126-5p and miR-13, different characteristic parameters, and prognosis were compared between the two groups, and the clinical significance of miR-126-5p and miR-13 in acute promyelocytic leukemia was analyzed.

Results

The expression of miR-126-5p (12.31 ± 2.25 versus 17.30 ± 3.28) and miR-13 (16.05 ± 3.47 versus 21.66 ± 2.18) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-126-5p was significantly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase level, HGB level, NPM1 mutant type, and complete remission (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-13 was significantly correlated with HGB level, NPM1 mutant type, and complete remission (P < 0.05). Both expression levels of miR-126-5p and miR-13 were not correlated with sex, age, WBC, PLT, proportion of bone marrow primordial cells, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymph node enlargement, and FLT3-ITD (P > 0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that peripheral blood WBC, bone marrow blast cell count, and miR-126-5p and miR-13 were prognostic factors in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-126-5p prediction were 75.83%, 84.56%, 82.17%, and 0.729, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-13 prediction were 78.64%, 88.49%, 86.20% and 0.882, respectively.

Conclusion

Serum miR-126-5p and miR-13 are closely related to the prognosis of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Serum miR-126-5p and miR-13 can be used as reliable indexes to predict the prognosis of patients.

Metastatic EMT Phenotype Is Governed by MicroRNA-200-Mediated Competing Endogenous RNA Networks

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental physiologically relevant process that occurs during morphogenesis and organ development. In a pathological setting, the transition from epithelial toward mesenchymal cell phenotype is hijacked by cancer cells, allowing uncontrolled metastatic dissemination. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis proposes a competitive environment resembling a large-scale regulatory network of gene expression circuits where alterations in the expression of both protein-coding and non-coding genes can make relevant contributions to EMT progression in cancer. The complex regulatory diversity is exerted through an array of diverse epigenetic factors, reaching beyond the transcriptional control that was previously thought to single-handedly govern metastatic dissemination. The present review aims to unravel the competitive relationships between naturally occurring ceRNA transcripts for the shared pool of the miRNA-200 family, which play a pivotal role in EMT related to cancer dissemination. Upon acquiring more knowledge and clinical evidence on non-genetic factors affecting neoplasia, modulation of the expression levels of diverse ceRNAs may allow for the development of novel prognostic/diagnostic markers and reveal potential targets for the disruption of cancer-related EMT.

Long Non-Coding RNA ZNF667-AS1 Knockdown Curbs Liver Metastasis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating the microRNA-206/AKAP13 Axis

BACKGROUND

Zinc finger protein 667-antisense RNA 1 (ZNF667-AS1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), plays important parts in tumorigenesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but its function in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unknown. Our goal here was to probe the functional mechanism of ZNF667-AS1 in AML by mediating microRNA-206 (miR-206)/A-kinase anchoring protein 13 (AKAP13) axis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The bone marrow samples from AML patients and controls were selected for microarray analysis to select significantly upregulated lncRNAs. Next, effects of ZNF667-AS1 on cell aggressiveness of AML were assessed after delivery of cells with siRNA against ZNF667-AS1. Subcellular fractionation location assay and FISH experiments were used to determine ZNF667-AS1 localization in cells. Dual-luciferase experiments detect the targeting relationships among ZNF667-AS1, miR-206 and AKAP13. Finally, tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated in vivo to determine the relevance of ZNF667-AS1/miR-206/AKAP13 axis.

RESULTS

The expression of ZNF667-AS1 was upregulated in AML patients, which predicted poor prognosis. Downregulation of ZNF667-AS1 reduced cell proliferation, invasion, tumorigenesis and metastasis. miR-206 inhibitor reversed the repressive role of ZNF667-AS1 knockdown in cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis, while AKAP13 silencing flattened the stimulative role of miR-206 inhibitor in AML malignant aggressiveness. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ZNF667-AS1 functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-206. In addition, we observed that Wnt/β-catenin pathway was suppressed by ZNF667-AS1 knockdown.

CONCLUSION

ZNF667-AS1 potentiated AML progression by targeting the miR-206/AKAP13 axis. This indicates ZNF667-AS 1 inhibition may act as a prospective therapeutic option for the treatment of AML.

Oncogenic Long Noncoding RNA DARS-AS1 in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Binding to microRNA-425

OBJECTIVE

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a hematological cancer. The aim of the investigation was to probe the regulatory relevance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) aspartyl-tRNA synthetase anti-sense 1 (DARS-AS1)/microRNA-425 (miR-425)/transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFB1) to the development of AML.

METHODS

The DARS-AS1 expression in bone marrow tissues was first analyzed in healthy subjects and AML patients. Subsequently, AML cell lines with DARS-AS1 knockdown were constructed, followed by cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. Afterward, downstream miRNA of DARS-AS1 and target mRNA of the miRNA were analyzed by bioinformatics, and their binding relationships were verified. Functional rescue experiments were then implemented. Finally, activation of the Smad2/3 signaling in MV4-11 and BF-24 cells were detected by western blot.

RESULTS

DARS-AS1 was overexpressed in bone marrow tissues of AML patients and cells, and DARS-AS1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation of AML cells and induced apoptosis. DARS-AS1 bound to and negatively correlated with miR-425. Further results suggested that TGFB1 might be a target gene of miR-425 and could promote Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Finally, DARS-AS1 depletion could diminish the tumor volume in vivo.

CONCLUSION

All in all, we highlighted here that DARS-AS1 enhanced the expression of TGFB1 through binding to miR-425 to modulate AML progression via the Smad2/3 pathway, which might perform as a therapeutic target for AML.