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Li S, Li L, Lin X, Chen C, Luo C, Huang Y. Targeted Inhibition of Tumor Inflammation and Tumor-Platelet Crosstalk by Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Mitigates Cancer Metastasis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:50-67. [PMID: 34873906 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sowing malignant cells (the "seeds" of metastasis) to engraft secondary sites requires a conducive premetastatic niche (PMN, the "soil" of metastasis). Inflammation and tumor associated platelet (TAP) has been hijacked by primary tumors to induce PMN "soil" in distant organs, as well as facilitate the dissemination of "seeds". This study reports a combinatory strategy with activated platelet-targeting nanoparticles to aim at the dynamic process of entire cancer metastasis, which exerts robust antimetastasis efficacy by simultaneously inhibiting tumor inflammation and tumor-platelet crosstalk. Our results reveals that the PSN peptide (a P-selectin-targeting peptide) modification enriched the accumulation of nanoparticles in primary tumor, pulmonary PMN, and metastases via capturing activated platelet. Such characteristics contribute to the efficient inhibition on almost every crucial and consecutive step of the metastasis cascade by retarding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression within tumors, specifically blocking the tumor-platelet crosstalk to remove the platelets "protective shield" around disseminated "seeds", and reversing the inflammatory microenvironment to interfere with the "soil" formation. Consisting of inflammation inhibiting and TAP impeding nanoparticles, this approach prominently reduces various metastasis in abscopal lung, including spontaneous metastasis, disseminated tumor cells metastasis, and post-operative metastasis. This work provides a generalizable nanoplatform of parallel inflammation disturbance and tumor-TAP crosstalk blockade to resist metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Evidence for Enhanced Exosome Production in Aromatase Inhibitor-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165841. [PMID: 32823947 PMCID: PMC7461508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) represent the standard anti-hormonal therapy for post-menopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, but their efficacy is limited by the emergence of AI resistance (AIR). Exosomes act as vehicles to engender cancer progression and drug resistance. The goal of this work was to study exosome contribution in AIR mechanisms, using estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells as models and MCF-7 LTED (Long-Term Estrogen Deprived) subline, modeling AIR. We found that exosome secretion was significantly increased in MCF-7 LTED cells compared to MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 LTED cells also exhibited a higher amount of exosomal RNA and proteins than MCF-7 cells. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the cellular proteome. Indeed, we showed an enrichment of proteins frequently identified in exosomes in MCF-7 LTED cells. The most up-regulated proteins in MCF-7 LTED cells were represented by Rab GTPases, important vesicle transport-regulators in cancer, that are significantly mapped in “small GTPase-mediated signal transduction”, “protein transport” and “vesicle-mediated transport” Gene Ontology categories. Expression of selected Rab GTPases was validated by immunoblotting. Collectively, we evidence, for the first time, that AIR breast cancer cells display an increased capability to release exosomes, which may be associated with an enhanced Rab GTPase expression. These data provide the rationale for further studies directed at clarifying exosome’s role on endocrine therapy, with the aim to offer relevant markers and druggable therapeutic targets for the management of hormone-resistant breast cancers.
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Long Y, Lu Z, Xu S, Li M, Wang X, Zhang Z, He Q. Self-Delivery Micellar Nanoparticles Prevent Premetastatic Niche Formation by Interfering with the Early Recruitment and Vascular Destruction of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2219-2229. [PMID: 31823615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Distal metastases of tumors result from the interaction between "seeds" (circulating tumor cells, CTCs) and "soil" (premetastatic niche, PMN). Various strategies focus on CTC inhibition, but only a few strategies inhibit PMN formation. The main predisposition of PMN formation in melanoma lies in the pulmonary recruitment of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs, CD11b+Ly6G+ cells) induced by tumors, which increase vascular permeability by secreting matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and result in immunosuppression by secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10) in premetastatic lungs. Here, a micellar hypotoxic low molecular weight heparin-tocopherol succinate nanoparticle (LMWH-TOS nanoparticle, LT NP) was established and investigated for its influence on PMN formation in this study. We first demonstrated that the hydrophilic segment LMWH in LT NPs can inhibit early pulmonary recruitment of G-MDSCs through interrupting their extravasation by inhibiting P-selectin/PSGL-1-mediated adhesion between vascular endothelial cells and G-MDSCs. In addition, the hydrophobic segment (TOS) in LT NPs significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-9 in G-MDSCs. As a result, the drug-free nanoparticles could maintain the normal microenvironment of lungs, thus effectively inhibiting implantation and colonization of CTCs. Further, phenylboronic acid (PBA)-modified and doxorubicin/immunopotentiator α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-coloaded nanoparticles (PLT/DOX/αGC NPs) were exploited. PBA modification achieved targeted chemotherapy by binding to overexpressed sialic acid residues on the tumor cell surface. This nanosystem effectively inhibited the postoperative metastasis and tumor recurrence simultaneously. Our work provides a proof of concept that the prevention of PMN formation through interfering G-MDSCs with self-delivery nanosystems is a safe and effective antimetastasis strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Leptin Modulates Exosome Biogenesis in Breast Cancer Cells: An Additional Mechanism in Cell-to-Cell Communication. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071027. [PMID: 31336913 PMCID: PMC6678227 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes—small membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and malignant cells upon fusion of endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane—play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. During the last decade, several reports have highlighted the involvement of these nanovesicles in many aspects of breast cancer development and progression, but the extracellular signals governing their generation in breast cancer cells have not been completely unraveled. Here, we investigated the role of the obesity hormone leptin, a well-known adipokine implicated in mammary tumorigenesis, on the mechanisms regulating exosome biogenesis and release in both estrogen receptor α (ERα)—positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that leptin treatment enhanced the number of MVBs in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and increased the amount of exosomes released in cell conditioned media. At molecular level, leptin increased the protein expression of Tsg101—a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport I (ESCRT-I)—by a post-transcriptional mechanism involving its direct interaction with the chaperone protein Hsp90. Targeting leptin signaling, by a selective leptin receptor antagonist the peptide LDFI (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile), abrogated leptin effects on Tsg101 expression and on exosome secretion in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings, identifying for the first time leptin/leptin receptor/Hsp90 axis as an important regulator of exosome generation in mammary carcinoma cells, suggest that targeting this signaling pathway might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to impair exosome secretion and interrupt the dangerous cell-to-cell communication in breast cancer.
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Gargiulo E, Paggetti J, Moussay E. Hematological Malignancy-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor Microenvironment: The Art of Turning Foes into Friends. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050511. [PMID: 31137912 PMCID: PMC6562645 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (small EVs) are commonly released by all cells, and are found in all body fluids. They are implicated in cell to cell short- and long-distance communication through the transfer of genetic material and proteins, as well as interactions between target cell membrane receptors and ligands anchored on small EV membrane. Beyond their canonical functions in healthy tissues, small EVs are strategically used by tumors to communicate with the cellular microenvironment and to establish a proper niche which would ultimately allow cancer cell proliferation, escape from the immune surveillance, and metastasis formation. In this review, we highlight the effects of hematological malignancy-derived small EVs on immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jerome Paggetti
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, val fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in mediating cancer cachexia. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1129-1136. [PMID: 30242118 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by the rapid loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without the loss of fat mass. Nearly 50-80% of all cancer patients' experience rapid weight loss results in ∼20% of cancer-related deaths. The levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-cachectic factors were significantly up-regulated in cachexia patients when compared with the patients who were without cachexia. It is becoming evident that these factors work synergistically to induce cancer cachexia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles are implicated in cell-cell communication, immune response, tissue repair, epigenetic regulation, and in various diseases including cancer. It has been reported that these EVs regulate cancer progression, metastasis, organotropism and chemoresistance. In recent times, the role of EVs in regulating cancer cachexia is beginning to unravel. The aim of this mini article is to review the recent knowledge gained in the field of EVs and cancer cachexia. Specifically, the role of tumour cell-derived EVs in promoting catabolism in distally located skeletal muscles and adipose tissue will be discussed.
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Abstract
Oncologic diseases do not behave as isolated entities. Instead, they are based on complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between cancerous and healthy cells of the host, which may either facilitate or prevent cancer progression. In addition to cell-cell contacts, cells communicate through secreted factors in a process modulated by ligand concentration, receptor availability and synergy amongst several signaling circuits. Of these secreted factors, exosomes, 30-150 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by virtually all cells, have emerged as important cell-cell communication players both in physiological and pathological scenarios by being carriers of all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and performing intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting both in tumor and non-tumor cells, such as fibroblasts, leukocytes, endothelial and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes can modulate tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and the immune system. In this Review, we summarize the main findings of the literature on the roles of exosomes in mediating interactions between tumor and tumor-associated cells. We also discuss how the molecular composition analysis of circulating exosomes in clinical settings has emerged as an attractive non-invasive source of liquid biopsies for early diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of patients with oncologic diseases.
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Maia J, Caja S, Strano Moraes MC, Couto N, Costa-Silva B. Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018. [PMID: 29515996 PMCID: PMC5826063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to cell-cell contact, cells communicate through secreted factors via a highly complex system involving characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression and integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators in physiological and pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by all cells (both healthy and diseased), ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, transport all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and perform intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting not only in tumor cells, but also in tumor-associated cells such as fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged as new players in tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and immunologic remodeling. In addition, due to their property of carrying molecules from their cell of origin to the peripheral circulation, exosomes have been increasingly studied as sources of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Here we review the current literature on the participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor and tumor-associated cells, highlighting the role of this process in the setup of tumor microenvironments that modulate tumor initiation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Maia
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sergio Caja
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Couto
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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Tumor Cell Invadopodia: Invasive Protrusions that Orchestrate Metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:595-607. [PMID: 28412099 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia are a subset of invadosomes that are implicated in the integration of signals from the tumor microenvironment to support tumor cell invasion and dissemination. Recent progress has begun to define how tumor cells regulate the plasticity necessary for invadopodia to assemble and function efficiently in the different microenvironments encountered during dissemination in vivo. Exquisite mapping by many laboratories of the pathways involved in integrating diverse invadopodium initiation signals, from growth factors, to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell contact in the tumor microenvironment, has led to insight into the molecular basis of this plasticity. Here, we integrate this new information to discuss how the invadopodium is an important conductor that orchestrates tumor cell dissemination during metastasis.
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