1
|
Lei ZJ, Ma YJ, Fan QQ, Wu ZX, Zheng YY, Sun G, Xi ZW, Shen C, Shen YM. Visible-Light-Mediated Three-Component Alkene 1,2-Alkylpyridylation Reaction Using Alkylboronic Acids as Radical Precursors for the Synthesis of 4-Alkylpyridines. J Org Chem 2025; 90:3563-3569. [PMID: 40029075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
We report the photocatalyzed three-component alkene 1,2-alkylpyridylation reaction between alkylboronic acids, 4-cyanopyridine, and an olefin to achieve the pyridination and alkylation of the olefin and the synthesis of structurally diversified 4-alkylpyridines. The readily available and easily manipulated alkylboronic acids were used as alkyl radical precursors. The reactions take place under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope and are easy to scale up to gram level, and they are therefore of potential practical value for the synthesis and structural modification of biologically active alkylpyridine derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Yi-Jian Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Qian-Qian Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Yi-Yang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Guoming Sun
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rauf HS, Liu YS, Arslan M, Solanki SPS, Deydier E, Poli R, Grabow LC, Harth E. Benchtop-Stable Carbyl Iminopyridyl Ni II Complexes for Olefin Polymerization. ACS Catal 2024; 14:13136-13147. [PMID: 39263544 PMCID: PMC11385416 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Design of catalysts for Ni-catalyzed olefin polymerization predominantly focuses on ligand design rather than the activation process when attempting to achieve a broader scope of polyolefin micro- and macrostructures. Air-stable alkyl-or aryl-functionalized NiII precatalysts were designed which eliminate the need of in situ alkylating processes and are activated solely by halide abstraction to generate the cationic complex for olefin polymerization. These complexes represent an emerging class of olefin polymerization catalysts, enabling the study of various cocatalysts forming either inner- or outer-sphere ion pairs. It is demonstrated that an organoboron cocatalyst activation produces a well-defined ion pair, which in contrast to ill-defined organoaluminum cocatalysts, can directly activate the complex by halide abstraction to yield comparatively higher molecular weight homo/copolymers. Under high ethylene pressure, broader branching densities and the gradual incorporation of short-chain branches were achieved, circumventing the need for elaborate ligand design and copolymerization with α-olefins. The underlying chain-walking mechanism and ion pair interactions were further elucidated by DFT calculations. A phenyl group on the bridging carbon functioned as a rotational barrier, producing higher molecular weight polymers compared to methyl-substituted analogs. Here, we provide a perspective to manipulate the iminopyridyl NiII system, leveraging ion pair interactions and ligand design to govern polyolefin molecular weights and microstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasaan S Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CPEC), University of Houston, 3589 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CPEC), University of Houston, 3589 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CPEC), University of Houston, 3589 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Surya Pratap S Solanki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Eric Deydier
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Lars C Grabow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, S222 Engineering Building 1, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CPEC), University of Houston, 3589 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu R, Zou T, Yu S, Li W, Wei S, Gong Y, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Yi D. Photoredox-Catalyzed Three-Component 1,2-Cyanoalkylpyridylation of Styrenes with Nonredox-Active Cyclic Oximes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16410-16423. [PMID: 37943006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-component alkene 1,2-difunctionalizations have emerged as a powerful strategy for rapid buildup of diverse and complex alkylpyridines, but the distal functionalized alkyl radicals for the alkene 1,2-alkylpyridylations were still rare. Herein, we report an example of regioselective three-component 1,2-cyanoalkylpyridylation of feedstock styrenes with accessible nonredox-active cyclic oximes through visible-light photoredox catalysis, providing a series of structurally diverse β-cyanoalkylated alkylpyridines. This protocol proceeds through a radical relay pathway including the generation of iminyl radicals enabled by phosphoranyl radical-mediated β-scission, radical transposition through C-C bond cleavage, highly selective radical addition, and precise radical-radical cross-coupling sequence, thus facilitating the regioselective formation of two distinct C-C single bonds in a single-pot operation. This synthetic strategy features mild conditions, broad compatibility of functional groups and substrate scope, diverse product derivatization, and late-stage modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha Yu
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Weicai Li
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Siping Wei
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yimou Gong
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institution of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dong Yi
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Wang D, Xu T, Zhang Q, Fu Z. Effect of N-Aryl Para-Benzhydryl Substituent on the Thermal Stability of α-Diimine Nickel Catalyst. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300221. [PMID: 37293788 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of α-diimine nickel catalysts has always been the focus of research. The introduction of large groups in the backbone or N-aryl ortho-position is a relatively mature solution. However, the question of whether the N-aryl bond rotation is a factor affecting the thermal stability of nickel catalysts is still open. In this work, the effects of N-aryl para-benzhydryl substitutes on catalyst thermal stability are investigated, and the results of ethylene polymerization and the factors affecting thermal stability (steric effect, electronic effect, five-membered coordination ring stability, N-aryl bond rotation, etc.) are systematically analyzed. It is believed that the introduction of large steric hindrance groups at the N-aryl para-position hinders the rotation of the N-aryl bond. This obstacle effect is beneficial to improving catalyst thermal stability, and the obstacle capacity is weakened with the increase of ortho-substituent size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Xinglu High-end Polyolefin Research & Development Center, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Xinglu High-end Polyolefin Research & Development Center, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Xinglu Technologies Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhisheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Xinglu High-end Polyolefin Research & Development Center, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
New Ni(II)-Ni(II) Dinuclear Complex, a Resting State of the (α-diimine)NiBr2/AlMe3 Catalyst System for Ethylene Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel room-temperature stable diamagnetic nickel complex 2 was detected upon activation of Brookhart-type ethylene polymerization pre-catalyst LNiBr2 (1, L = 1,4-bis-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabuta-1,3-diene) with AlMe3. Using in situ 1H, 2H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as DFT calculations, this species has been identified as an antiferromagnetically coupled homodinuclear complex [LNiII(μ-Me)(μ-CH2)NiIIL]+Br−. Its behavior in the reaction solution is characteristic of the resting state of nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization.
Collapse
|
6
|
‘Catalyst + X’ strategies for transition metal-catalyzed olefin-polar monomer copolymerization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
7
|
Wu R, Stieglitz L, Lehner S, Jovic M, Rentsch D, Neels A, Gaan S, Rieger B, Heuberger M. Fluorine and Hydroxyl Containing Unsymmetrical a-Diimine Ni (II) Dichlorides with Improved Catalytic Performance for Ethylene Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
8
|
Zhang S, Cao C, Guo W, Zhang Y, Sun M, Yang W, He L, Huang Q. Prominent Spatial Structure and Synergistic Linkage Effects in Bimetallic Titanium Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Chunpeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wensi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Sinopec, Beijing100083, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Qigu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, the College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Developments in late transition metal catalysts with high thermal stability for ethylene polymerization: A crucial aspect from laboratory to industrialization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
Hong C, Wang Z, Jiang H, Si G, Song M, Chen C. Dual roles of trifluoroborate in nickel-catalyzed ethylene polymerization: Electronic perturbation and anchoring for heterogenization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Wang Q, Wang W, Qu W, Pang W, Qasim M, Zou C. Ethylene homo and copolymerization by phosphorus‐benzoquinone based homogeneous and heterogeneous nickel catalysts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Weicheng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y. Olefin polymerization cocatalysts: Development, applications, and prospects. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|