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Li K, Wang B, Hu H. Research progress of SWI/SNF complex in breast cancer. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:4. [PMID: 38365747 PMCID: PMC10873968 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, numerous epigenetic mechanisms have been discovered to be associated with cancer. The mammalian SWI/SNF complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex whose mutations are associated with various malignancies including breast cancer. As the SWI/SNF complex has become one of the most commonly mutated complexes in cancer, targeting epigenetic mutations acquired during breast cancer progress is a potential means of improving clinical efficacy in treatment strategies. This article reviews the composition of the SWI/SNF complex, its main roles and research progress in breast cancer, and links these findings to the latest discoveries in cancer epigenomics to discuss the potential mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SWI/SNF in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Haolin Hu
- Breast Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Li Z, Zhao J, Tang Y. Advances in the role of SWI/SNF complexes in tumours. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1023-1031. [PMID: 36883311 PMCID: PMC10098296 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process involving both genetic and epigenetic changes. The SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose non-fermentable) chromatin remodelling complex, one of the most studied ATP-dependent complexes, plays an important role in coordinating chromatin structural stability, gene expression and post-translational modifications. The SWI/SNF complex can be classified into BAF, PBAF and GBAF according to their constituent subunits. Cancer genome sequencing studies have shown a high incidence of mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, with abnormalities in one or more of these genes present in nearly 25% of all cancers, which indicating that stabilizing normal expression of genes encoding subunits in the SWI/SNF complex may prevent tumorigenesis. In this paper, we will review the relationship between the SWI/SNF complex and some clinical tumours and its mechanism of action. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis to guide the diagnosis and treatment of tumours caused by mutations or inactivation of one or more genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complex in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiumei Zhao
- Chongqing Nanchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China.,Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Li H, Hu X, Cheng C, Lu M, Huang L, Dou H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Ribosome production factor 2 homolog promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via AKT/Gsk-3β signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:52-57. [PMID: 35123266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, and its prognosis is closely related to the degree of tumor invasion and metastasis. Ribosome production factor 2 homolog (RPF2) plays an important role in the process of ribosome biogenesis; however, its biological function in the progression of malignant tumors including CRC remains unknown. It was found that RPF2 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissue, using mRNA chip technology. This study aimed to explore the role of RPF2 in the invasion and migration of CRC cells and investigate its probable molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that RPF2 is not only highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines but can also activate the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway through direct interaction with CARM1, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and consequently enhancing the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we speculated that RPF2 may become a novel therapeutic target for suppression of local invasion and distant metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Xingqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Macheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Longchang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Huiqiang Dou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China.
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Lai Y, Li X, Li T, Nyunoya T, Chen K, Kitsios GD, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y, McVerry BJ, Lee JS, Mallampalli RK, Zou C. Endotoxin stabilizes protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) protein triggering death of lung epithelia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:828. [PMID: 34480022 PMCID: PMC8414963 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cell death is a prominent feature of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), which results from severe pulmonary infection leading to respiratory failure. Multiple mechanisms are believed to contribute to the death of epithelia; however, limited data propose a role for epigenetic modifiers. In this study, we report that a chromatin modulator protein arginine N-methyltransferase 4/coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT4/CARM1) is elevated in human lung tissues with pneumonia and in experimental lung injury models. Here PRMT4 is normally targeted for its degradation by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXO9, that interacts with PRMT4 via a phosphodegron to ubiquitinate the chromatin modulator at K228 leading to its proteasomal degradation. Bacterial-derived endotoxin reduced levels of SCFFBXO9 thus increasing PRMT4 cellular concentrations linked to epithelial cell death. Elevated PRMT4 protein caused substantial epithelial cell death via caspase 3-mediated cell death signaling, and depletion of PRMT4 abolished LPS-mediated epithelial cell death both in cellular and murine injury models. These findings implicate a unique molecular interaction between SCFFBXO9 and PRMT4 and its regulation by endotoxin that impacts the life span of lung epithelia, which may play a key role in the pathobiology of tissue injury observed during critical respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Lai
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Xiuying Li
- grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Tiao Li
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Kong Chen
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Bryan J. McVerry
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Janet S. Lee
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Chunbin Zou
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.413935.90000 0004 0420 3665Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Regulation of the Mammalian SWI/SNF Family of Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes by Phosphorylation during Myogenesis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070152. [PMID: 32635263 PMCID: PMC7407365 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis is the biological process by which skeletal muscle tissue forms. Regulation of myogenesis involves a variety of conventional, epigenetic, and epigenomic mechanisms that control chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, histone modification, and activation of transcription factors. Chromatin remodeling enzymes utilize ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosome structure and/or positioning. The mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) family of chromatin remodeling enzymes is essential for myogenesis. Here we review diverse and novel mechanisms of regulation of mSWI/SNF enzymes by kinases and phosphatases. The integration of classic signaling pathways with chromatin remodeling enzyme function impacts myoblast viability and proliferation as well as differentiation. Regulated processes include the assembly of the mSWI/SNF enzyme complex, choice of subunits to be incorporated into the complex, and sub-nuclear localization of enzyme subunits. Together these processes influence the chromatin remodeling and gene expression events that control myoblast function and the induction of tissue-specific genes during differentiation.
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Li S, Cheng D, Zhu B, Yang Q. The Overexpression of CARM1 Promotes Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation through the pGSK3β/β-Catenin/cyclinD1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:976-984. [PMID: 28924379 PMCID: PMC5599903 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of malignant bone tumor that occurs frequently in the region surrounding the knee joint and poses a threat to the health of teenagers. Since the application of chemotherapy to treat OS, 5-year survival rate in patients has improved from 10% to 70%, but patient survival has not changed over the past four decades. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is a member of the PRMT protein family; it acts as an oncogene in many cancers, but its function in OS is still unknown. In this study, we found that CARM1 is overexpressed in OS and its expression is correlated with the Enneking stage. CCK-8 and colony forming assays showed that proliferation in OS cell lines was downregulated when siRNA was used to knockdown CARM1 expression. The cell cycle was inhibited in S phase after si-CARM1 transfection in OS cell lines. An antibody array indicated that Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), PARS40 (Thr246), and GSK3β (Ser9) expression are affected by CARM1, and western blotting verified that CARM1 promotes OS cell proliferation via pGSK3β/β-catenin/cyclinD1 signaling. Accordingly, CARM1 is a crucial gene in OS and is a potential new treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dongdong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qingcheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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High-density array-CGH with targeted NGS unmask multiple noncontiguous minute deletions on chromosome 3p21 in mesothelioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13432-13437. [PMID: 27834213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612074113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a custom-made comparative genomic hybridization array (aCGH; average probe interval 254 bp) to screen 33 malignant mesothelioma (MM) biopsies for somatic copy number loss throughout the 3p21 region (10.7 Mb) that harbors 251 genes, including BRCA1 (breast cancer 1)-associated protein 1 (BAP1), the most commonly mutated gene in MM. We identified frequent minute biallelic deletions (<3 kb) in 46 of 251 genes: four were cancer-associated genes: SETD2 (SET domain-containing protein 2) (7 of 33), BAP1 (8 of 33), PBRM1 (polybromo 1) (3 of 33), and SMARCC1 (switch/sucrose nonfermentable- SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 1) (2 of 33). These four genes were further investigated by targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), which revealed sequence-level mutations causing biallelic inactivation. Combined high-density aCGH and tNGS revealed biallelic gene inactivation in SETD2 (9 of 33, 27%), BAP1 (16 of 33, 48%), PBRM1 (5 of 33, 15%), and SMARCC1 (2 of 33, 6%). The incidence of genetic alterations detected is much higher than reported in the literature because minute deletions are not detected by NGS or commercial aCGH. Many of these minute deletions were not contiguous, but rather alternated with segments showing oscillating copy number changes along the 3p21 region. In summary, we found that in MM: (i) multiple minute simultaneous biallelic deletions are frequent in chromosome 3p21, where they occur as distinct events involving multiple genes; (ii) in addition to BAP1, mutations of SETD2, PBRM1, and SMARCC1 are frequent in MM; and (iii) our results suggest that high-density aCGH combined with tNGS provides a more precise estimate of the frequency and types of genes inactivated in human cancer than approaches based exclusively on NGS strategy.
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Alwarsamy M, Gooneratne R, Ravichandran R. Effect of fucoidan from Turbinaria conoides on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:207-213. [PMID: 27516266 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidan was purified from seaweed, Turbinaria conoides. Isolated fragments were characterized with NMR ((13)C, (1)H), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectronomy (GC-MS) and HPLC analysis. The autohydrolysate of fucoidans consisted of sulfated fuco-oligosaccharides having the backbone of α-(1, 3)-linked fuco-pyranose derivatives and minor components of galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose sugars. Fucoidan induced a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival of lung cancer A549 cells by MTT assay (GI50, 75μg/mL). However, it was not cytotoxic to a non-tumorigenic human keratinocyte cell line of skin tissue (HaCaT) (GI50>1.0mg/mL). The apoptotic cells in fucoidan-treated A549 cells were visualized by laser confocal microscopy and cell cycle analysis showed induction of G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell progression cycle. Further, CFSE labeling and flow cytometry highlighted that fucoidan significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the proliferation rate of A549 cells by up to 2-fold compared with the control cells. It is concluded that fucoidan has the potential to act as an anti-proliferative agent on lung carcinoma (A549) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavarani Alwarsamy
- Unit of Aquatic Biodiversity, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-25, India.
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Ramanibai Ravichandran
- Unit of Aquatic Biodiversity, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-25, India.
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PRMT4-mediated arginine methylation negatively regulates retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and promotes E2F-1 dissociation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:238-48. [PMID: 25348716 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00945-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb/p105) tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation by blockage of the G1-to-S-phase transition. pRb tumor suppressor activity is governed by a variety of posttranslational modifications, most notably phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes. Here we report a novel regulation of pRb through protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4)-mediated arginine methylation, which parallels phosphorylation. PRMT4 specifically methylates pRb at the pRb C-terminal domain (pRb C(term)) on arginine (R) residues R775, R787, and R798 in vitro and R787 in vivo. Arginine methylation is important for efficient pRb C(term) phosphorylation, as manifested by the reduced phosphorylation of a methylation-impaired mutant, pRb (R3K). A methylmimetic form of pRb, pRb (R3F), disrupts the formation of the E2F-1/DP1-pRb complex in cells as well as in an isolated system. Finally, studies using a Gal4-E2F-1 reporter system show that pRb (R3F) expression reduces the ability of pRb to repress E2F-1 transcriptional activation, while pRb (R3K) expression further represses E2F-1 transcriptional activation relative to that for cells expressing wild-type pRb. Together, our results suggest that arginine methylation negatively regulates the tumor suppressor function of pRb during cell cycle control, in part by creating a better substrate for Cdk complex phosphorylation and disrupting the interaction of pRb with E2F-1.
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Liu J, Li J, Ren Y, Liu P. DLG5 in cell polarity maintenance and cancer development. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:543-9. [PMID: 24910533 PMCID: PMC4046881 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure in establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity contributes to tumorigenesis. Loss of expression and function of cell polarity proteins is directly related to epithelial cell polarity maintenance. The polarity protein discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) belongs to a family of molecular scaffolding proteins called Membrane Associated Guanylate Kinases (MAGUKs). As the other family members, DLG5 contains the multi-PDZ, SH3 and GUK domains. DLG5 has evolved in the same manner as DLG1 and ZO1, two well-studied MAGUKs proteins. Just like DLG1 and ZO1, DLG5 plays a role in cell migration, cell adhesion, precursor cell division, cell proliferation, epithelial cell polarity maintenance, and transmission of extracellular signals to the membrane and cytoskeleton. Since the roles of DLG5 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn's disease (CD) have been reviewed, here, our review focuses on the roles of DLG5 in epithelial cell polarity maintenance and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Juan Li
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Yu Ren
- 2. Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Peijun Liu
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
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