1
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Schmiege P, Donnelly L, Elghobashi-Meinhardt N, Lee CH, Li X. Structure and inhibition of the human lysosomal transporter Sialin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4386. [PMID: 38782953 PMCID: PMC11116495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialin, a member of the solute carrier 17 (SLC17) transporter family, is unique in its ability to transport not only sialic acid using a pH-driven mechanism, but also transport mono and diacidic neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), into synaptic vesicles via a membrane potential-driven mechanism. While most transporters utilize one of these mechanisms, the structural basis of how Sialin transports substrates using both remains unclear. Here, we present the cryogenic electron-microscopy structures of human Sialin: apo cytosol-open, apo lumen-open, NAAG-bound, and inhibitor-bound. Our structures show that a positively charged cytosol-open vestibule accommodates either NAAG or the Sialin inhibitor Fmoc-Leu-OH, while its luminal cavity potentially binds sialic acid. Moreover, functional analyses along with molecular dynamics simulations identify key residues in binding sialic acid and NAAG. Thus, our findings uncover the essential conformational states in NAAG and sialic acid transport, demonstrating a working model of SLC17 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Schmiege
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda Donnelly
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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2
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Fu R, Ramamoorthy A. 17O Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3527-3537. [PMID: 38568422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite the limitations posed by poor sensitivity, studies have reported the unique advantages of 17O based NMR spectroscopy to study systems existing in liquid, solid, or semisolid states. 17O NMR studies have exploited the remarkable sensitivity of quadrupole coupling and chemical shift anisotropy tensors to the local environment in the characterization of a variety of intra- and intermolecular interactions and motion. Recent studies have considerably expanded the use of 17O NMR to study dynamic intermolecular interactions associated with some of the challenging biological systems under magic angle spinning (MAS) and aligned conditions. The very fast relaxing nature of 17O has been well utilized in cellular and in vivo MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) applications. The main focus of this Review is to highlight the new developments in the biological solids with a detailed discussion for a few selected examples including membrane proteins and nanodiscs. In addition to the unique benefits and limitations, the remaining challenges to overcome, and the impacts of higher magnetic fields and sensitivity enhancement techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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3
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Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse. Despite VMAT2's importance, there remains a critical lack of mechanistic understanding, largely driven by a lack of structural information. Here, we report a 3.1 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of VMAT2 complexed with tetrabenazine (TBZ), a non-competitive inhibitor used in the treatment of Huntington's chorea. We find TBZ interacts with residues in a central binding site, locking VMAT2 in an occluded conformation and providing a mechanistic basis for non-competitive inhibition. We further identify residues critical for cytosolic and lumenal gating, including a cluster of hydrophobic residues which are involved in a lumenal gating strategy. Our structure also highlights three distinct polar networks that may determine VMAT2 conformational dynamics and play a role in proton transduction. The structure elucidates mechanisms of VMAT2 inhibition and transport, providing insights into VMAT2 architecture, function, and the design of small-molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dalton
- Department of Structural Biology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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4
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Liang W, Liu M, Su Y, Wen Y, Wang L, Shan J, Zhao J, Xie K, Wang J. Spinster homolog 2 reduces malignancies of glioblastoma via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:140-160. [PMID: 37728571 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma (GBM) are unclear, and the prognosis is poor. Spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) is reportedly involved in pathological processes such as immune response, vascular development, and cancer. However, the biological function and molecular role of SPNS2 in GBM are unclear. SPNS2 is aberrantly low expressed in glioma. Survival curves, risk scores, prognostic nomograms, and univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses showed that SPNS2 is an independent prognostic indicator significantly associated with glioma progression and prognosis. Cell function assays and in vivo xenograft transplantation were performed that downregulation of SPNS2 promoted GBM cell growth, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), anti-apoptosis, drug resistance, and stemness, while overexpression of SPNS2 had the opposite effect. Meanwhile, the functional enrichment and signaling pathways of SPNS2 in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and RNA sequencing were analyzed by Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The above results were related to the inhibition of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway by SPNS2. In addition, we predicted that SPNS2 is closely associated with immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment by four immune algorithms, ESTIMATE, TIMER, CIBERSORT, and QUANTISEQ. In particular, SPNS2 was negatively correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells, immunomodulators, and chemokines. Finally, single-cell sequencing analysis also revealed that SPNS2 was remarkably correlated with macrophages, and downregulation of SPNS2 promotes the expression of M2-like macrophages. This study provides new evidence that SPNS2 inhibits malignant progression, stemness, and immune infiltration of GBM cells through PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. SPNS2 may become a new diagnostic indicator and potential immunotherapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingkai Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Su
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajie Shan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Gao Y, Yuan L, Zeng D, Tan F, Wan H, Pei Z. METTL3 as a novel diagnosis and treatment biomarker and its association with glycolysis, cuproptosis and ceRNA in oesophageal carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18195. [PMID: 38429907 PMCID: PMC10907846 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
METTL3 has been shown to be involved in regulating a variety of biological processes. However, the relationship between METTL3 expression and glycolysis, cuproptosis-related genes and the ceRNA network in oesophageal carcinoma (ESCA) remains unclear. ESCA expression profiles from databases were obtained, and target genes were identified using differential analysis and visualization. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining assessed METTL3 expression differences. Functional enrichment analysis using GO, KEGG and GSEA was conducted on the co-expression profile of METTL3. Cell experiments were performed to assess the effect of METTL3 interference on tumour cells. Correlation and differential analyses were carried out to assess the relationship between METTL3 with glycolysis and cuproptosis. qRT-PCR was used to validate the effects of METTL3 interference on glycolysis-related genes. Online tools were utilized to screen and construct ceRNA networks based on the ceRNA theory. METTL3 expression was significantly higher in ESCA compared to the controls. The IHC results were consistent with the above results. Enrichment analysis revealed that METTL3 is involved in multiple pathways associated with tumour development. Significant correlations were observed between METTL3 and glycolysis-related genes and cuproptosis-related gene. Experiments confirmed that interfered with METTL3 significantly inhibited glucose uptake and lactate production in tumour cells, and affected the expression of glycolytic-related genes. Finally, two potential ceRNA networks were successfully predicted and constructed. Our study establishes the association between METTL3 overexpression and ESCA progression. Additionally, we propose potential links between METTL3 and glycolysis, cuproptosis and ceRNA, presenting a novel targeted therapy strategy for ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Sheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem CellsTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Zi‐Yue Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Ling‐Ling Yuan
- Department of PathologyTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Dao‐Bing Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Fan Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Hua‐Bing Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Zhi‐Jun Pei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for precision Diagnosis and Treatment of liver cancerTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem CellsTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
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6
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Duan Y, Leong NCP, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Nguyen DT, Ha HTT, Wang N, Xia R, Xu Z, Ma Z, Qian Y, Yin H, Zhu X, Zhang A, Guo C, Xia Y, Nguyen LN, He Y. Structural basis of Sphingosine-1-phosphate transport via human SPNS2. Cell Res 2024; 34:177-180. [PMID: 38123825 PMCID: PMC10837145 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Duan
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nancy C P Leong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dat T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoa T T Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenmei Xu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhengxiong Ma
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Yin
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changyou Guo
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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7
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Pang B, Yu L, Li T, Jiao H, Wu X, Wang J, He R, Zhang Y, Wang J, Hu H, Dai W, Chen L, Ren R. Molecular basis of Spns2-facilitated sphingosine-1-phosphate transport. Cell Res 2024; 34:173-176. [PMID: 38123824 PMCID: PMC10837133 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiye Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haizhan Jiao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiping He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurou Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Pidathala S, Liao S, Dai Y, Li X, Long C, Chang CL, Zhang Z, Lee CH. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter transport and drug inhibition in human VMAT2. Nature 2023; 623:1086-1092. [PMID: 37914936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin control important brain pathways, including movement, sleep, reward and mood1. Dysfunction of monoaminergic circuits has been implicated in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders2. Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) pack monoamines into vesicles for synaptic release and are essential to neurotransmission3-5. VMATs are also therapeutic drug targets for a number of different conditions6-9. Despite the importance of these transporters, the mechanisms of substrate transport and drug inhibition of VMATs have remained elusive. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 in complex with the antichorea drug tetrabenazine, the antihypertensive drug reserpine or the substrate serotonin. Remarkably, the two drugs use completely distinct inhibition mechanisms. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 in a lumen-facing conformation, locking the luminal gating lid in an occluded state to arrest the transport cycle. By contrast, reserpine binds in a cytoplasm-facing conformation, expanding the vestibule and blocking substrate access. Structural analyses of VMAT2 also reveal the conformational changes following transporter isomerization that drive substrate transport into the vesicle. These findings provide a structural framework for understanding the physiology and pharmacology of neurotransmitter packaging by synaptic vesicular transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabareesh Pidathala
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shuyun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Dai
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Changkun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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9
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Crunkhorn S. Understanding sphingosine-1-phosphate transport. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:538. [PMID: 37286782 DOI: 10.1038/d41573-023-00092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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