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Ng PY, McIntosh KA, Hargrave G, Ho KH, Paul A, Plevin R. Inhibition of cytokine-mediated JNK signalling by purinergic P2Y 11 receptors, a novel protective mechanism in endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2018; 51:59-71. [PMID: 30076967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research from our laboratory has demonstrated a novel phenomenon whereby GPCRs play a role in inhibiting cytokine-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling. So far this novel phenomenon seems to have been vastly overlooked, with little research in the area. Therefore, in this study we explored this further; by assessing the potential of P2YRs to mediate inhibition of cytokine-mediated JNK signalling and related functional outcomes in human endothelial cells. We utilised primary endothelial cells, and employed the use of endogenous activators of P2YRs and well characterised pharmacological inhibitors, to assess signalling parameters mediated by P2YRs, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNFα and JNK. Activation of P2YRs with adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-1β-mediated phosphorylation of JNK and associated kinase activity. The effect was specific for cytokine-mediated JNK signalling, as ATP was without effect on JNK induced by other non-specific activators (e.g. sorbitol, anisomycin), nor effective against other MAPK pathways such as p38 and the canonical NFκB cascade. Pharmacological studies demonstrated a role for the P2Y11 receptor in mediating this effect, but not the P2Y1 nor the adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B & A3). The novel Gαq/11 inhibitor YM254890 and a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 both partially reversed ATP-mediated inhibition of IL-1β-stimulated JNK indicating involvement of both Gαq/11 and Gαs mediated pathways. ATP also partially reversed IL-1β-mediated induction of cyclo‑oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and E-selectin. Collectively, these studies indicate the potential for activation of purinergic receptors to protect the endothelium from inflammatory driven JNK activation and may be a new target for inflammatory disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Y Ng
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Kathryn A McIntosh
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Gillian Hargrave
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Ka H Ho
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
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Suen J, Adams M, Lim J, Madala P, Xu W, Cotterell A, He Y, Yau M, Hooper J, Fairlie D. Mapping transmembrane residues of proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR 2 ) that influence ligand-modulated calcium signaling. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:328-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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PAR2 regulates regeneration, transdifferentiation, and death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2452. [PMID: 27809303 PMCID: PMC5260873 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to injury is central to developing therapies to enhance tissue regeneration. Previously, we showed that pancreatic injury consisting of acinar cell damage+β-cell ablation led to islet cell transdifferentiation. Here, we report that the molecular mechanism for this requires activating protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor. PAR2 modulation was sufficient to induce islet cell transdifferentiation in the absence of β-cells. Its expression was modulated in an islet cell type-specific manner in murine and human type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition to transdifferentiation, PAR2 regulated β-cell apoptosis in pancreatitis. PAR2's role in regeneration is broad, as mice lacking PAR2 had marked phenotypes in response to injury in the liver and in digit regeneration following amputation. These studies provide a pharmacologically relevant target to induce tissue regeneration in a number of diseases, including T1D.
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Asaduzzaman M, Nadeem A, Arizmendi N, Davidson C, Nichols HL, Abel M, Ionescu LI, Puttagunta L, Thebaud B, Gordon J, DeFea K, Hollenberg MD, Vliagoftis H. Functional inhibition of PAR2 alleviates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1844-55. [PMID: 26312432 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2 ) is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like serine proteinases. PAR2 activation has been associated with inflammation including allergic airway inflammation. We have also shown that PAR2 activation in the airways leads to allergic sensitization. The exact contribution of PAR2 in the development of eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in sensitized individuals is not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether functional inhibition of PAR2 during allergen challenge of allergic mice would inhibit allergen-induced AHR and inflammation in mouse models of asthma. METHODS Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or cockroach extract (CE). To investigate the role of PAR2 in the development of AHR and airway inflammation, we administered blocking anti-PAR2 antibodies, or a cell permeable peptide inhibitor of PAR2 signalling, pepducin, i.n. before allergen challenges and then assessed AHR and airway inflammation. RESULTS Administration of anti-PAR2 antibodies significantly inhibited OVA- and CE-induced AHR and airway inflammation. In particular, two anti-PAR2 antibodies, the monoclonal SAM-11 and polyclonal B5, inhibited AHR, airway eosinophilia, the increase of cytokines in the lung tissue and antigen-specific T cell proliferation, but had no effect on antigen-specific IgG and IgE levels. Pepducin was also effective in inhibiting AHR and airway inflammation in an OVA model of allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Functional blockade of PAR2 in the airways during allergen challenge improves allergen-induced AHR and inflammation in mice. Therefore, topical PAR2 blockade in the airways, through anti-PAR2 antibodies or molecules that interrupt PAR2 signalling, has the potential to be used as a therapeutic option in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asaduzzaman
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Nadeem
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - N Arizmendi
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Davidson
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H L Nichols
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M Abel
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L I Ionescu
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Puttagunta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Thebaud
- Department of Physiology, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Gordon
- Immunology Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K DeFea
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M D Hollenberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Chitinase-3-like protein 1 protects skeletal muscle from TNFα-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Biochem J 2014; 459:479-88. [PMID: 24512683 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CHI3L1 (chitinase-3-like protein 1) is a glycoprotein consisting of 383 amino acids with a molecular mass of 40 kDa, and its serum level is elevated in inflammatory diseases. Although CHI3L1 is described as a biomarker of inflammation, the function of this protein is not completely understood. In the present study, we examined the regulation of CHI3L1 in primary human skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, we analysed potential autocrine effects of CHI3L1. We show that myotubes express CHI3L1 in a differentiation-dependent manner. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines up-regulate CHI3L1 expression (6-fold) and release (3-fold). Importantly, CHI3L1 treatment blocked TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α)-induced inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) activation in skeletal muscle cells. We show that this effect is mediated via PAR2 (protease-activated receptor 2). In addition, CHI3L1 treatment diminished the TNFα-induced expression and secretion of IL (interleukin)-8, MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and IL-6. In addition, impaired insulin action at the level of Akt and GSK3α/β (glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β) phosphoryl-ation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was normalized by CHI3L1. In conclusion, the novel myokine CHI3L1, which is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, can counteract TNFα-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells, potentially involving an auto- and/or para-crine mechanism.
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Ma L, Dorling A. The roles of thrombin and protease-activated receptors in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:63-72. [PMID: 21809138 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and coagulation constitute two host defence systems with complementary physiological roles in limiting tissue damage, restoring homeostasis and eliminating invading pathogens, functions reliant on effective regulation of both processes at a variety of levels. Dysfunctional activation or regulation of either pathway may lead to pathology and contribute to human diseases as diverse as myocardial infarction and septic shock. The serine protease thrombin, a key protein in the coagulation pathway, can activate cellular signalling directly via proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal domain of a family of G protein-coupled receptors or indirectly through the generation of molecules such as activated protein C. These events transmit signals to many cell types and can elicit the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, thereby influencing cell activation, differentiation, survival and migration. This review discusses recent progress in understanding how thrombin and protease-activated receptors influence biological processes, highlighting the detrimental and protective cellular effects of thrombin and its signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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