1
|
Gaál Z. Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1942. [PMID: 38339220 PMCID: PMC10856342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Roles of miRNAs in anticancer immunity and in the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells are also discussed. Major focus is put on the translational clinical applications of miRNAs, including the establishment of noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Patient selection and response prediction to biological therapy is one of the most promising fields of application. Replacement or inhibition of miRNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation of miRNA fingerprints may contribute to an increasingly personalized management of immune dysregulation with a remarkable reduction in toxicity and treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge of the molecular effects of physical exercise and nutrition on the immune system may facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations and advances in prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gaál
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Zhai L, Liu Y, Lu D, Vander Ark A, Yang T, Krawczyk CM. The histone demethylase KDM5C controls female bone mass by promoting energy metabolism in osteoclasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0731. [PMID: 37018401 PMCID: PMC10075994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Women experience osteoporosis at higher rates than men. Aside from hormones, the mechanisms driving sex-dependent bone mass regulation are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the X-linked H3K4me2/3 demethylase KDM5C regulates sex-specific bone mass. Loss of KDM5C in hematopoietic stem cells or bone marrow monocytes increases bone mass in female but not male mice. Mechanistically, loss of KDM5C impairs the bioenergetic metabolism, resulting in impaired osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with the KDM5 inhibitor reduces osteoclastogenesis and energy metabolism of both female mice and human monocytes. Our report details a sex-dependent mechanism for bone homeostasis, connecting epigenetic regulation to osteoclast metabolism and positions KDM5C as a potential target for future treatment of osteoporosis in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huadie Liu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lukai Zhai
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Di Lu
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alexandra Vander Ark
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Connie M. Krawczyk
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The histone demethylase KDM5C controls female bone mass by promoting energy metabolism in osteoclasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529728. [PMID: 36865269 PMCID: PMC9980061 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Women experience osteoporosis at higher rates than men. Aside from hormones, the mechanisms driving sex-dependent bone mass regulation are not well-understood. Here, we demonstrate that the X-linked H3K4me2/3 demethylase KDM5C regulates sex-specific bone mass. Loss of KDM5C in hematopoietic stem cells or bone marrow monocytes (BMM) increases bone mass in female but not male mice. Mechanistically, loss of KDM5C impairs the bioenergetic metabolism resulting in impaired osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with the KDM5 inhibitor reduces osteoclastogenesis and energy metabolism of both female mice and human monocytes. Our report details a novel sex-dependent mechanism for bone homeostasis, connecting epigenetic regulation to osteoclast metabolism, and positions KDM5C as a target for future treatment of osteoporosis in women. One-Sentence Summary KDM5C, an X-linked epigenetic regulator, controls female bone homeostasis by promoting energy metabolism in osteoclasts.
Collapse
|
4
|
The Roles of MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) in Melanoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314775. [PMID: 36499102 PMCID: PMC9736803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate tumors by inactivating hyperactive kinases such as BRAF or MEK but inevitably encounters drug resistance. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment and significantly improved the prognosis of melanoma patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in melanoma immunotherapy. This systematic review describes the roles of miRNAs in regulating the functions of immune cells in skin and melanoma, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in pharmacology including the effect, resistance and immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, which are used for treating cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma. The expressions and functions of miRNAs in immunotherapy employing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are also discussed. The prospect of innovative therapeutic strategies such as the combined administration of miRNAs and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs are also provided. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and immunotherapy is crucial for the discovery of reliable biomarkers and for the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics against melanoma.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang WW, Bauer KM, Barba C, Ekiz HA, O’Connell RM. miR-aculous new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929677. [PMID: 36248881 PMCID: PMC9554277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising toll of cancer globally necessitates ingenuity in early detection and therapy. In the last decade, the utilization of immune signatures and immune-based therapies has made significant progress in the clinic; however, clinical standards leave many current and future patients without options. Non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs, have been explored in pre-clinical contexts with tremendous success. MicroRNAs play indispensable roles in programming the interactions between immune and cancer cells, many of which are current or potential immunotherapy targets. MicroRNAs mechanistically control a network of target genes that can alter immune and cancer cell biology. These insights provide us with opportunities and tools that may complement and improve immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss immune and cancer cell-derived miRNAs that regulate cancer immunity and examine miRNAs as an integral part of cancer diagnosis, classification, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W. Tang
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kaylyn M. Bauer
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cindy Barba
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Huseyin Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ryan M. O’Connell
- Divison of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Hunstman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
miRNA as a Modulator of Immunotherapy and Immune Response in Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111648. [PMID: 34827646 PMCID: PMC8615556 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising therapy for the treatment of cancers, including melanoma, that improved benefit clinical outcomes. However, a subset of melanoma patients do not respond or acquire resistance to immunotherapy, which limits their clinical applicability. Recent studies have explored the reasons related to the resistance of melanoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Of note, miRNAs are the regulators of not only cancer progression but also of the response between cancer cells and immune cells. Investigation of miRNA functions within the tumor microenvironment have suggested that miRNAs could be considered as key partners in immunotherapy. Here, we reviewed the known mechanism by which melanoma induces resistance to immunotherapy and the role of miRNAs in immune responses and the microenvironment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lecoeur H, Prina E, Gutiérrez-Sanchez M, Späth GF. Going ballistic: Leishmania nuclear subversion of host cell plasticity. Trends Parasitol 2021; 38:205-216. [PMID: 34666937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular parasites have evolved intricate strategies to subvert host cell functions for their own survival. These strategies are particularly damaging to the host if the infection involves immune cells, as illustrated by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania that thrive inside mononuclear phagocytic cells, causing devastating immunopathologies. While the impact of Leishmania infection on host cell phenotype and functions has been well documented, the regulatory mechanisms underlying host cell subversion were only recently investigated. Here we summarize the current knowledge on how Leishmania infection affects host nuclear activities and propose thought-provoking new concepts on the reciprocal relationship between epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in host cell phenotypic plasticity, its potential subversion by the intracellular parasite, and its relevance for host-directed therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lecoeur
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Maria Gutiérrez-Sanchez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France; UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cho S, Dong J, Lu LF. Cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of miRNAs in regulating T cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:126-140. [PMID: 34549446 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are crucial to generate an effective response against numerous invading microbial pathogens and play a pivotal role in tumor surveillance and elimination. However, unwanted T cell activation can also lead to deleterious immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. To ensure that an optimal T cell response can be established, each step, beginning from T cell development in the thymus to their activation and function in the periphery, is tightly regulated by many transcription factors and epigenetic regulators including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we first summarize recent progress in identifying major immune regulatory miRNAs in controlling the differentiation and function of distinct T cell subsets. Moreover, as emerging evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs can impact T cell immunity through targeting both immune- and non-immune cell populations that T cells closely interact with, the T cell-extrinsic role of miRNAs in regulating different aspects of T cell biology is also addressed. Finally, we discuss the complex nature of miRNA-mediated control of T cell immunity and highlight important questions that remain to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunglim Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|