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Lahtinen AK, Funke M, Krallmann C, Wyrwoll MJ, Jarisch A, Yang Y, Bjarnason R, Romerius P, Sundin M, Norén-Nyström U, Langenskiöld C, Cremers JF, Kliesch S, Stukenborg JB, Neuhaus N, Jahnukainen K. Decreased spermatogonial numbers in boys with severe haematological diseases. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38810989 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study examines spermatogonial numbers in testicular samples from 43 prepubertal patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation during HSCT can impact spermatogenesis requiring fertility preservation. Results show that 49% of patients have decreased and 19% severely depleted spermatogonial pool prior to HSCT. Patients with Fanconi anaemia exhibit significantly reduced spermatogonial numbers. Patients with immunodeficiency or aplastic anaemia generally present within the normal range, while results in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm vary. The study emphasizes the importance of assessing spermatogonial numbers in patients with severe haematological diseases for informed fertility preservation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atte K Lahtinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miriam Funke
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, University Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Claudia Krallmann
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Margot J Wyrwoll
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Andrea Jarisch
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yifan Yang
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Children's Medical Center, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrik Romerius
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barn-Och Ungdomssjukhuset Lund, Skånes Universitetssjukhus, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Section of Paediatric Haematology, Immunology and HCT, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Norén-Nyström
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Langenskiöld
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jann-Frederik Cremers
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Neuhaus
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, University Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Kirsi Jahnukainen
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Graham E, Esashi F. DNA strand breaks at centromeres: Friend or foe? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:141-151. [PMID: 37872040 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres are large structural regions in the genomic DNA, which are essential for accurately transmitting a complete set of chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division. In humans, centromeres consist of highly repetitive α-satellite DNA sequences and unique epigenetic components, forming large proteinaceous structures required for chromosome segregation. Despite their biological importance, there is a growing body of evidence for centromere breakage across the cell cycle, including periods of quiescence. In this review, we provide an up-to-date examination of the distinct centromere environments at different stages of the cell cycle, highlighting their plausible contribution to centromere breakage. Additionally, we explore the implications of these breaks on centromere function, both in terms of negative consequences and potential positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Graham
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fumiko Esashi
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Marcon F, Giunta S, Bignami M. Emerging roles of DNA repair factors in the stability of centromeres. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-129. [PMID: 37852903 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNA sequences are an integral part of centromeres, regions critical for faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Because of their complex repetitive structure, satellite DNA may act as a barrier to DNA replication and other DNA based transactions ultimately resulting in chromosome breakage. Over the past two decades, several DNA repair proteins have been shown to bind and function at centromeres. While the importance of these repair factors is highlighted by various structural and numerical chromosome aberrations resulting from their inactivation, their roles in helping to maintain genome stability by solving the intrinsic difficulties of satellite DNA replication or promoting their repair are just starting to emerge. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of DNA repair and DNA damage response proteins in maintaining the structure and function of centromeres in different contexts. We also report the recent connection between the roles of specific DNA repair factors at these genomic loci with age-related increase of chromosomal instability under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcon
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Giunta
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Margherita Bignami
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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4
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Xu R, Pan Z, Nakagawa T. Gross Chromosomal Rearrangement at Centromeres. Biomolecules 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 38254628 PMCID: PMC10813616 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Centromeres play essential roles in the faithful segregation of chromosomes. CENP-A, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, and heterochromatin characterized by di- or tri-methylation of histone H3 9th lysine (H3K9) are the hallmarks of centromere chromatin. Contrary to the epigenetic marks, DNA sequences underlying the centromere region of chromosomes are not well conserved through evolution. However, centromeres consist of repetitive sequences in many eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and a subset of fungi, including fission yeast. Advances in long-read sequencing techniques have uncovered the complete sequence of human centromeres containing more than thousands of alpha satellite repeats and other types of repetitive sequences. Not only tandem but also inverted repeats are present at a centromere. DNA recombination between centromere repeats can result in gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR), such as translocation and isochromosome formation. CENP-A chromatin and heterochromatin suppress the centromeric GCR. The key player of homologous recombination, Rad51, safeguards centromere integrity through conservative noncrossover recombination between centromere repeats. In contrast to Rad51-dependent recombination, Rad52-mediated single-strand annealing (SSA) and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) lead to centromeric GCR. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of centromere and recombination proteins in maintaining centromere integrity and discusses how GCR occurs at centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ziyi Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakagawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
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D’Alessandro G, Morales-Juarez DA, Richards SL, Nitiss KC, Serrano-Benitez A, Wang J, Thomas JC, Gupta V, Voigt A, Belotserkovskaya R, Goh CG, Bowden AR, Galanty Y, Beli P, Nitiss JL, Zagnoli-Vieira G, Jackson SP. RAD54L2 counters TOP2-DNA adducts to promote genome stability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadl2108. [PMID: 38055822 PMCID: PMC10699776 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic cycle of topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) enzymes proceeds via a transient DNA double-strand break (DSB) intermediate termed the TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc), in which the TOP2 protein is covalently bound to DNA. Anticancer agents such as etoposide operate by stabilizing TOP2ccs, ultimately generating genotoxic TOP2-DNA protein cross-links that require processing and repair. Here, we identify RAD54 like 2 (RAD54L2) as a factor promoting TOP2cc resolution. We demonstrate that RAD54L2 acts through a novel mechanism together with zinc finger protein associated with tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) and TOP2 (ZATT/ZNF451) and independent of TDP2. Our work suggests a model wherein RAD54L2 recognizes sumoylated TOP2 and, using its ATPase activity, promotes TOP2cc resolution and prevents DSB exposure. These findings suggest RAD54L2-mediated TOP2cc resolution as a potential mechanism for cancer therapy resistance and highlight RAD54L2 as an attractive candidate for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D’Alessandro
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sean L. Richards
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Almudena Serrano-Benitez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Chromatin Biology & Proteomics, Mainz, Germany
| | - John C. Thomas
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vipul Gupta
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Voigt
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rimma Belotserkovskaya
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chen Gang Goh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Ramsay Bowden
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yaron Galanty
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Chromatin Biology & Proteomics, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Guido Zagnoli-Vieira
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Scelfo A, Fachinetti D. Centromere: A Trojan horse for genome stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 130:103569. [PMID: 37708591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Centromeres play a key role in the maintenance of genome stability to prevent carcinogenesis and diseases. They are specialized chromosome loci essential to ensure faithful transmission of genomic information across cell generations by mediating the interaction with spindle microtubules. Nonetheless, while fulfilling these essential roles, their distinct repetitive composition and susceptibility to mechanical stresses during cell division render them susceptible to breakage events. In this review, we delve into the present understanding of the underlying causes of centromere fragility, from the mechanisms governing its DNA replication and repair, to the pathways acting to counteract potential challenges. We propose that the centromere represents a "Trojan horse" exerting vital functions that, at the same time, potentially threatens whole genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scelfo
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Sorbonne University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Daniele Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Sorbonne University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Wlodarski MW. ERCC6L2 syndrome: attack of the TP53 clones. Blood 2023; 141:2788-2789. [PMID: 37289478 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
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