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Park HR, Cai M. Antiseizure effects of Lilii Bulbus on pentylenetetrazol kindling-induced seizures in mice: Involvement of Reelin, Netrin-1, and semaphorin. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116385. [PMID: 38460369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lilii Bulbus (Lilium lancifolium Thunberg) has a proneurogenic effect on the hippocampus. However, its effects on epilepsy and associated pathological features remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the antiseizure effects of a water extract of Lilii Bulbus (WELB) in mouse model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure. Mice were injected with PTZ once every 48 h until full kindling was achieved. WELB (100 and 500 mg/kg) was orally administered once daily before PTZ administration and during the kindling process. We found that WELB treatment protected against PTZ-induced low seizure thresholds and high seizure severity. Further, WELB-treated mice showed attenuated PTZ kindling-induced anxiety and memory impairment. Immunostaining and immunoblots showed that hyperactivation and ectopic migration of dentate granule cells (DGCs) were significantly reduced by WELB treatment in PTZ kindling-induced seizure mice. Staining for mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) using Timm staining and ZnT3 showed that WELB treatment significantly decreased PTZ kindling-induced MFS. Furthermore, the increased or decreased expression of proteins related to ectopic DGCs (Reelin and Dab-1), MFS (Netrin-1, Sema3A, and Sema3F), and their downstream effectors (ERK, AKT, and CREB) in the hippocampus of PTZ kindling mice was significantly restored by WELB treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that WELB is a potential antiseizure drug that acts by reducing ectopic DGCs and MFS and modulating epileptogenesis-related signaling in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ra Park
- Department of KM Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mudan Cai
- Department of KM Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Calvier L, Alexander A, Marckx AT, Kounnas MZ, Durakoglugil M, Herz J. Safety of Anti-Reelin Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38607022 PMCID: PMC11011630 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular glycoprotein, plays critical roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have revealed non-neuronal functions of plasma Reelin in inflammation by promoting endothelial-leukocyte adhesion through its canonical pathway in endothelial cells (via ApoER2 acting on NF-κB), as well as in vascular tone regulation and thrombosis. In this study, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of selectively depleting plasma Reelin as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that Reelin expression remains stable throughout adulthood and that peripheral anti-Reelin antibody treatment with CR-50 efficiently depletes plasma Reelin without affecting its levels or functionality within the CNS. Notably, this approach preserves essential neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), selective modulation of endothelial responses by anti-Reelin antibodies reduces pathological leukocyte infiltration without completely abolishing diapedesis. Finally, long-term Reelin depletion under metabolic stress induced by a Western diet did not negatively impact the heart, kidney, or liver, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These findings underscore the promising role of peripheral anti-Reelin therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and conditions where endothelial function is compromised, offering a novel approach that may avoid the immunosuppressive side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anna Alexander
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Austin T. Marckx
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Murat Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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3
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Kiseleva DG, Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Cherednichenko VR, Gugueva EA, Markin AM. Mechanisms of Myocardial Edema Development in CVD Pathophysiology. Biomedicines 2024; 12:465. [PMID: 38398066 PMCID: PMC10887157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial edema is the excess accumulation of fluid in the myocardial interstitium or cardiac cells that develops due to changes in capillary permeability, loss of glycocalyx charge, imbalance in lymphatic drainage, or a combination of these factors. Today it is believed that this condition is not only a complication of cardiovascular diseases, but in itself causes aggravation of the disease and increases the risks of adverse outcomes. The study of molecular, genetic, and mechanical changes in the myocardium during edema may contribute to the development of new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. This review was conducted to describe the main mechanisms of myocardial edema development at the molecular and cellular levels and to identify promising targets for the regulation of this condition based on articles cited in Pubmed up to January 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G. Kiseleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ac. Chazov Str. 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V. Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Vadim R. Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Gugueva
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander M. Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 119991 Moscow, Russia (V.R.C.)
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Kurup S, Tan C, Kume T. Cardiac and intestinal tissue conduct developmental and reparative processes in response to lymphangiocrine signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1329770. [PMID: 38178871 PMCID: PMC10764504 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1329770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels conduct a diverse range of activities to sustain the integrity of surrounding tissue. Besides facilitating the movement of lymph and its associated factors, lymphatic vessels are capable of producing tissue-specific responses to changes within their microenvironment. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) secrete paracrine signals that bind to neighboring cell-receptors, commencing an intracellular signaling cascade that preludes modifications to the organ tissue's structure and function. While the lymphangiocrine factors and the molecular and cellular mechanisms themselves are specific to the organ tissue, the crosstalk action between LECs and adjacent cells has been highlighted as a commonality in augmenting tissue regeneration within animal models of cardiac and intestinal disease. Lymphangiocrine secretions have been owed for subsequent improvements in organ function by optimizing the clearance of excess tissue fluid and immune cells and stimulating favorable tissue growth, whereas perturbations in lymphatic performance bring about the opposite. Newly published landmark studies have filled gaps in our understanding of cardiac and intestinal maintenance by revealing key players for lymphangiocrine processes. Here, we will expand upon those findings and review the nature of lymphangiocrine factors in the heart and intestine, emphasizing its involvement within an interconnected network that supports daily homeostasis and self-renewal following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kurup
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Honors College, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Markiewicz R, Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Borowski B, Trubalski M, Łoza B. Reelin Signaling and Synaptic Plasticity in Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1704. [PMID: 38137152 PMCID: PMC10741648 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research emphasizes the significance of studying the quality of life of schizophrenia patients, considering the complex nature of the illness. Identifying neuronal markers for early diagnosis and treatment is crucial. Reelin (RELN) stands out among these markers, with genetic studies highlighting its role in mental health. Suppression of RELN expression may contribute to cognitive deficits by limiting dendritic proliferation, affecting neurogenesis, and leading to improper neuronal circuits. Although the physiological function of reelin is not fully understood, it plays a vital role in hippocampal cell stratification and neuroglia formation. This analysis explores reelin's importance in the nervous system, shedding light on its impact on mental disorders such as schizophrenia, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches, and at the same time, raises the following conclusions: increased methylation levels of the RELN gene in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia results in a multiple decrease in the expression of reelin, and monitoring of this indicator, i.e., methylation levels, can be used to monitor the severity of symptoms in the course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Markiewicz
- Occupational Therapy Laboratory, Chair of Nursing Development, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Bartosz Borowski
- Students Scientific Association, Department of Normal, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Mateusz Trubalski
- Students Scientific Association, Department of Normal, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Bartosz Łoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Joly-Amado A, Kulkarni N, Nash KR. Reelin Signaling in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1479. [PMID: 37891846 PMCID: PMC10605156 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration during embryonic brain development and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. The role of Reelin in the developing central nervous system has been extensively characterized. Indeed, a loss of Reelin or a disruption in its signaling cascade leads to neurodevelopmental defects and is associated with ataxia, intellectual disability, autism, and several psychiatric disorders. In the adult brain, Reelin is critically involved in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Reelin's signaling potentiates glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, induces synaptic maturation, and increases AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits' expression and activity. As a result, there is a growing literature reporting that a loss of function and/or reduction of Reelin is implicated in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The present review summarizes the current state of the literature regarding the implication of Reelin and Reelin-mediated signaling during aging and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting Reelin as a possible target in the prevention or treatment of progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.); (K.R.N.)
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Calvier L, Drelich A, Hsu J, Tseng CT, Mina Y, Nath A, Kounnas MZ, Herz J. Circulating Reelin promotes inflammation and modulates disease activity in acute and long COVID-19 cases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185748. [PMID: 37441066 PMCID: PMC10333573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolic complications and excessive inflammation are frequent in severe COVID-19, potentially leading to long COVID. In non-COVID studies, we and others demonstrated that circulating Reelin promotes leukocyte infiltration and thrombosis. Thus, we hypothesized that Reelin participates in endothelial dysfunction and hyperinflammation during COVID-19. We showed that Reelin was increased in COVID-19 patients and correlated with the disease activity. In the severe COVID-19 group, we observed a hyperinflammatory state, as judged by increased concentration of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A), chemokines (IP-10 and MIP-1β), and adhesion markers (E-selectin and ICAM-1). Reelin level was correlated with IL-1α, IL-4, IP-10, MIP-1β, and ICAM-1, suggesting a specific role for Reelin in COVID-19 progression. Furthermore, Reelin and all of the inflammatory markers aforementioned returned to normal in a long COVID cohort, showing that the hyperinflammatory state was resolved. Finally, we tested Reelin inhibition with the anti-Reelin antibody CR-50 in hACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. CR-50 prophylactic treatment decreased mortality and disease severity in this model. These results demonstrate a direct proinflammatory function for Reelin in COVID-19 and identify it as a drug target. This work opens translational clinical applications in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and beyond in auto-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Health, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Health, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Health, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yair Mina
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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