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Mathematical Modeling of Emulsion Copolymerization Regarding Particle Size Distribution and Average Molecular Weights. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Zhao C, Jia X, Yi Z, Li H, Peng Y. Mechanical Performance of Single-Graded Copolymer-Modified Pervious Concrete in a Corrosive Environment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237304. [PMID: 34885455 PMCID: PMC8658448 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-modified cement has found numerous applications due to its excellent tensile strength. When cement was modified with a single polymer, its tensile strength and performance marginally increased. However, when a small amount of the flexible polymer latex was added to cement, the mechanical performance of cement considerably improved. In this study, single-graded copolymer-modified pervious concrete was prepared by mixing styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with different acrylate polymers, and its mechanical performance and durability were systematically studied through mechanical tests and theoretical analyses. The main findings are as follows: (1) When a waterborne emulsion was added, the freeze resistance of cement concrete increased, and its mass loss rate decreased. Cement concrete with two latexes had higher sulphate corrosion resistance and substantially lower dry shrinkage strain than ordinary cement concrete. (2) Through scanning electron microscopy, the microstructural changes in the cement binder, ordinary polymer-modified concrete, and the copolymer-modified cement concrete used in this study were observed, and the findings were compared with those reported in the literature. (3) Single-graded copolymer-modified pervious concrete exhibited excellent shrinkage performance. This study showed that single-graded copolymer-modified pervious concrete satisfied the performance requirements for use as a paving material for special cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (X.J.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoyao Jia
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (X.J.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhijian Yi
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (X.J.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Hualin Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (X.J.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Yi Peng
- College of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China;
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Toughness Behavior of SBR Acrylate Copolymer-Modified Pervious Concrete with Single-Sized Aggregates. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14175089. [PMID: 34501179 PMCID: PMC8433643 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pervious concrete is an eco-efficient concrete but has problems regarding its mechanical performance and permeability balance. This research investigated the feasibility of using a combination of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylate polymer to improve the toughness of pervious concrete while keeping its permeability. Single-sized aggregate and no sand were considered in the concrete mixture. Acrylate polymers with different solid content, PH, density, and viscosity were emulsion copolymerized with an SBR polymer. Eleven scenarios with different mix proportions and 220 specimens for compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural stiffness, impact resistance, and fracture toughness tests were selected to evaluate the effects of the copolymer on the toughness of copolymer-modified pervious concrete (CMPC). The studies showed that (1) the influence trend of the copolymers generally varied according to different mechanical indexes; (2) XG-6001 acrylate polymer mainly and comprehensively enhanced the toughness of the CMPC; (3) it was difficult to increase the enhancing property of the XG-6001 acrylate polymer with the growth of its mix proportion; (4) the zero-sand pervious concrete with 90% SBR and 10% XG-6001 acrylate emulsion copolymerization proved to have relatively high toughness. The proposed CMPC holds promising application value in sustainability traffic road construction.
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St-MMA-BuA terpolymerization in emulsion: II. The kinetic azeotropy and the problem of homogeneity in composition. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Study of n-Butyl Acrylate Self-Initiation Reaction Experimentally and via Macroscopic Mechanistic Modeling. Processes (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/pr4020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Pokorný R, Zubov A, Matuška P, Lueth F, Pauer W, Moritz HU, Kosek J. Process Model for Styrene and n-Butyl Acrylate Emulsion Copolymerization in Smart-Scale Tubular Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pokorný
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Zubov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matuška
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian Lueth
- Institute
for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Pauer
- Institute
for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Moritz
- Institute
for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juraj Kosek
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Emulsion terpolymerization of St/MMA/BuA: Modeling of composition, number of particles and the influence of n -DDM on the molecular weights. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Khan MU, Darestani MT, Gomes VG. Structure and electrochemical properties of polystyrene/CNT nanocomposites. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2943-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Liu S, Liu B, Fu Z, Zhou T, Ren L, Zhang M, Zhang H. Effect of Polymer Characteristics on Particle Formation and Growth in Batch Emulsion Polymerization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.956364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Aqueous emulsions used as binders in solvent-free paint formulations have to cope with the challenge to guarantee an excellent film formation and appearance as well as good properties. One strategy to fulfill these contradictory requirements is the employment of pure poly(acrylate) resins synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Kinetic studies involving free radical emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA)- co- n-butyl acrylate (BA) are carried out, so that the effect of BA on polymerization of MMA can be interpreted. In this study, the effect of emulsifier and initiator on the kinetics of polymerization was studied. The polymers were characterized using different analytical tools. The surface tension and contact angle of latexes were also measured by varying the concentration of monomer feed ratios. The results indicated that the incorporation of comonomer enhances the properties of coating formulation of polyacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Shukla
- Department of Applied Science, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology (KIET), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI), Navabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - J. S. P. Rai
- Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI), Navabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
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Paulen R, Benyahia B, Latifi M, Fikar M. Analysis of optimal operation of a fed-batch emulsion copolymerization reactor used for production of particles with core–shell morphology. Comput Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Tjiam C, Gomes VG. Optimal Operating Strategies for Emulsion Polymerization with Chain Transfer Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4032956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tjiam
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent G. Gomes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Liu B, Zhang M, Chen D, Liu S, Han Y, Zhang H. Exothermal Behavior and Particle Scale Evolution in High Solid Content One-Step Batch Emulsion Polymerization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.902766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baijun Liu
- a Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- a Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- a Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- a Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Ye Han
- a Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun , P. R. China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- a Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education , Changchun University of Technology , Changchun , P. R. China
- b Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , P. R. China
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Benyahia B, Latifi M, Fonteix C, Pla F. Emulsion copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of a chain transfer agent. Part 2: Parameters estimability and confidence regions. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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16
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Camargo M, Morel L, Fonteix C, Hoppe S, Hu GH, Renaud J. Development of new concepts for the control of polymerization processes: Multiobjective optimization and decision engineering. II. Application of a Choquet integral to an emulsion copolymerization process. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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